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| pretty_name: "C³B - Comics Cross-Cultural Benchmark"
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| short_description: "A multicultural, multitask, and multilingual benchmark for evaluating cultural awareness capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)."
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| description: |
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| C³B (Comics Cross-Cultural Benchmark) is a benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)
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| comprising over 2,000 images and over 18,000 QA pairs. It features three tasks with progressive difficulty:
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| basic visual recognition, cultural conflict understanding, and cultural content generation.
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| Part of the data is built on the Manga109 dataset.
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| license: "cc-by-4.0"
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| license_link: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"
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| task_categories:
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| - visual-question-answering
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| - image-text-to-text
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| - text-generation
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| - image-captioning
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| tags:
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| - multilingual
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| - image-text
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| - question-answering
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| - cultural-awareness
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| - comics
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| - manga
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| - benchmark
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| - multimodal
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| - MLLM
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| - cross-cultural
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| languages:
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| - ja
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| - en
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| - de
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| - es
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| - ru
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| - th
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| size_categories:
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| - 10K<n<100K
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| multimodal:
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| - image
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| - text
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| source_datasets:
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| - Manga109
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| - Manga109-s
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| paper:
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| title: "Culture In a Frame: C³B as a Comic-Based Benchmark for Multimodal Cultural Awareness"
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| url: "https://openreview.net/forum?id=jvPdTOSTVl"
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| authors:
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| - Yuchen Song
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| - Andong Chen
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| - Wenxin Zhu
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| - Kehai Chen
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| - Xuefeng Bai
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| - Muyun Yang
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| - Tiejun Zhao
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| venue: "ICLR 2026"
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| bibtex: |
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| @inproceedings{song2026c3b,
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| title={Culture In a Frame: C³B as a Comic-Based Benchmark for Multimodal Cultural Awareness},
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| author={Song, Yuchen and Chen, Andong and Zhu, Wenxin and Chen, Kehai and Bai, Xuefeng and Yang, Muyun and Zhao, Tiejun},
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| booktitle={International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
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| year={2026},
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| url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=jvPdTOSTVl}
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| }
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| dataset_info:
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| config_name: default
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| features:
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| - name: manga_name
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| dtype: string
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| description: "Name of the manga title (from Manga109)."
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| - name: page_index
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| dtype: string
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| description: "Page index within the manga volume."
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| - name: src
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| dtype: string
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| description: "Source text (e.g., Japanese or source language)."
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| - name: tgt
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| dtype: string
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| description: "Target text (e.g., translation or answer)."
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| splits:
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| - name: task3
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| description: "Multilingual translation/alignment (e.g. task3.ja-en.json)."
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| - name: task12
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| description: "Cultural content generation (task12.json, generation/all_label.txt)."
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| citation: |
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| If you use this benchmark, please cite:
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| @inproceedings{song2026c3b,
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| title={Culture In a Frame: C³B as a Comic-Based Benchmark for Multimodal Cultural Awareness},
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| author={Song, Yuchen and Chen, Andong and Zhu, Wenxin and Chen, Kehai and Bai, Xuefeng and Yang, Muyun and Zhao, Tiejun},
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| booktitle={International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR)},
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| year={2026},
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| url={https://openreview.net/forum?id=jvPdTOSTVl}
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| }
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| restrictions: |
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| Part of C³B is built on Manga109. Redistribution of Manga109/Manga109-s is not permitted.
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| When using Manga109 images, credit the author (e.g. courtesy of [Author Name]) and cite the Manga109 papers.
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| See README for full terms and how to obtain Manga109.
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