| Question, Answer |
| "Which of these features does Cilium provide? |
| **Select all answers that apply.** |
| - a. Network policy enforcement |
| - b. Visibility into traffic at L3/L4 and L7 |
| - c. Networking between Kubernetes pods |
| - d. Kubernetes secrets management","Answer: a, b, c" |
| "What is the name of the Cilium component that provides visibility into network traffic? |
|
|
| - a. Hubble |
| - b. Hobble |
| - c. Grafana","Answer: a" |
| "Which of these are characteristics of eBPF? |
| - a. It allows dynamic changes to the kernel |
| - b. It can be used to drop network packets that are forbidden by the network policy |
| - c. It enables high-performance networking with security and observability built-in","Answer: d" |
| "What are the different tools for installing Cilium components into a Kubernetes cluster? |
| **Select all that apply.** |
|
|
| - a. Helm |
| - b. The Cilium CLI |
| - c. Curl","Answer: a, b" |
| "A Cilium agent runs on every node in a Kubernetes cluster. |
|
|
| **True/False** |
|
|
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: a" |
| "How many instances of the Hubble Relay run on each cluster? |
|
|
| - a. One per node |
| - b. One per pod |
| - c. One per cluster","Answer: c" |
| "What is the Cilium CLI command for checking that connectivity and policy enforcement is working correctly? |
|
|
| - a. kubectl connectivity test |
| - b. cilium connectivity test |
| - c. cilium policy test","Answer: b" |
| "Which network policy resource type does Cilium support? |
|
|
| - a. Standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy |
| - b. CiliumNetworkPolicy |
| - c. CiliumClusterNetworkPolicy |
| - d. All of the above","Answer: d" |
| "It’s possible to export Layer 3 network policy using the networkpolicy.io’s visual policy editor as CiliumNetworkPolicy YAML files. |
|
|
| **True/False** |
|
|
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: a" |
| "Which of the following is a true statement? |
| **Select all that apply.** |
|
|
| - a. The CiliumNetworkPolicy resource supports service name-based egress policy for internal cluster communications |
| - b. The standard Kubernetes NetworkPolicy resource supports L7 HTTP protocol rules limiting access to specific HTTP paths |
| - c. The CiliumNetworkPolicy resource supports both TCP and ICMP egress policy","Answer: a" |
| "Hubble flows include packet dumps. |
| **True/False** |
|
|
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: b" |
| "You can filter by packet verdict in the Hubble UI service map. |
| **True/False** |
|
|
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: a" |
| "Which of the following statements are **TRUE**? |
| **Select all that apply.** |
|
|
| - a. The Hubble Relay service provides cluster-wide network observability |
| - b. It's not possible to filter flows by namespace using the Hubble CLI tool |
| - c. Hubble flows include information about traffic direction |
| - d. Hubble is optional and needs to be enabled when installing Cilium","Answer: a, c, d" |
| "After Istio is installed on a Kubernetes cluster, any workloads deployed to service mesh are automatically accompanied with sidecars. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| a. True |
| b. False","Answer: b." |
| "How is outbound traffic from a service routed to the sidecar? |
| |
| - a. Programmers must revise their code to specifically target the proxy at localhost:15000. |
| - b. iptables rules within a Pod are applied to transparently effect this change. |
| - c. Operators must use the istioctl rewire-pod command to transparently effect this change.","Answer: b." |
| "What identity framework does Istio base its application of workload identity? |
| |
| - a. Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) |
| - b. Open ID Connect (OIDC) |
| - c. Secure Production Identity Framework for Everyone (SPIFFE) |
| - d. JSON Web Tokens (JWT)","Answer: c." |
| "The Istio framework offers the choice between manually configuring Envoy sidecars and letting the Istio control plane manage Envoy. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: b." |
| "The _demo_ configuration profile installs only the Istio control plane and the ingress gateway. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: b." |
| "Helm installation consists of the following Helm charts: |
| |
| - a. base, istiod, gateway |
| - b. istiod, ingress-gateway, egress-gateway |
| - c. istiod, gateways |
| - d. base, control-plane, gateway","Answer: a." |
| "In which section of the IstioOperator resource can we configure Kubernetes resource limits and requests: |
| |
| - a. global |
| - b. meshConfig |
| - c. components |
| - d. We cannot configure limits and requests.","Answer: c." |
| "Observability is a concept that is broader than traditional monitoring. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: a." |
| "What are the three main components of modern observability? |
| |
| - a. Graphs, charts, and metrics |
| - b. Logs, metrics, and traces |
| - c. Logs, Garbage collection, and Threads","Answer: b." |
| "With Istio, developers must expose their metrics to Prometheus directly from inside their applications. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: b." |
| "Envoy sidecars can initiate and propagate B3 trace headers without any assistance from the running applications. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: b." |
| "Istio, Prometheus, Grafana, Jaeger, and Kiali are all open source projects. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: a." |
| "The ingress and egress gateways in Istio are single instances of an Envoy proxy. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: a." |
| "In which resource can we configure outlier detection and load balancer settings? |
| |
| - a. VirtualService |
| - b. DestinationRule |
| - c. Gateway |
| - d. ServiceEntry","Answer: b." |
| "The traffic can be matched on multiple properties and to match the values, we can only use regular expressions. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: b." |
| "When Envoy retries a failed request, the endpoint that caused the retry is no longer in the load balancing pool. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: a." |
| "Authorization is all about the principal. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: b." |
| "Which one of the following resources can we use to configure mTLS for inbound traffic? |
| |
| - a. PeerAuthentication |
| - b. DestinationRule |
| - c. VirtualService |
| - d. AuthorizationPolicy","Answer: a." |
| "What do Kubernetes pods use as their identity during runtime? |
| |
| - a. Kubernetes secrets |
| - b. Service accounts |
| - c. JWT tokens |
| - d. Bearer tokens","Answer: b." |
| "The clusters section in the Envoy configuration defines how the traffic is sent to the upstream service. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: a." |
| "Where in the Envoy configuration is the router filter defined? |
| |
| - a. Within the HTTP connection manager filter |
| - b. Within the routes |
| - c. Within the listener filter |
| - d. Within the clusters","Answer: a." |
| "We can apply the Envoy configuration patch only at the namespace level. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: b." |
| "When using the **oci://** scheme in the WasmPlugin resource, the Istio agent downloads compiled Wasm plugins from an OCI-compliant registry. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: a." |
| "By default, Istio watches all workloads in all namespaces and updates sidecar proxy configuration whenever new workloads are added, removed, or updated. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: a." |
| "Which Istio resource can be used to provide the details about the namespace, labels, and service account to the VM workload? |
| |
| - a. WorkloadEntry |
| - b. VirtualService |
| - c. ServiceEntry |
| - d. ServiceEntry","Answer: a." |
| "The primary cluster in the multi-cluster deployment scenario runs the control plane. |
| |
| **True/False** |
| |
| - a. True |
| - b. False","Answer: a." |
| "What is the east-west gateway used for? |
| |
| - a. Service communication within a single Kubernetes cluster |
| - b. Communication between Istio control plane and services within one cluster |
| - c. Communication between workloads in the cluster and VMs |
| - d. Communication between workloads in the cluster and VMs, VM sidecars, and Istio’s control plane","Answer: d." |
| "The process of deploying an Envoy proxy alongside each workload is called: |
| |
| - a. proxy bundling |
| - b. sidecar injection |
| - c. sidecar bundling |
| - d. proxy injection","Answer: d." |
| |
| |
