Id float64 2 27.6k | essay_set int64 1 10 | prompt stringclasses 10
values | Score1 float64 0 3 | Score2 float64 0 3 | essay_text stringlengths 1 1.82k | prompt_&_source_essay_urls stringclasses 10
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15,389 | 6 | List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane.
Rubric for Cell Membrane
Key Elements:
* Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across.
* Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
* Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.
* Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell.
* Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient.
* Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis.
* Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell. | 0 | 0 | Facilitated diffusion: From high to low concentatration.Osmosis: From low to high concentration.Permeable mambrain allows the substances to pass in ot out of the cell. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html | null |
15,135 | 6 | List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane.
Rubric for Cell Membrane
Key Elements:
* Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across.
* Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
* Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.
* Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell.
* Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient.
* Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis.
* Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell. | 0 | 0 | Three processes are that the cell has a cell wall and is connected to other cells. Another is that it chooses what to enter it and it acts like a barrier for other things. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html | null |
11,838 | 5 | Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item
Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis.
Rubric for Protein Synthesis
Key Elements:
* mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore.
* mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
* mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA).
* tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA.
* The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids.
* A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA.
* Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation).
* Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination). | 1 | 1 | 1.) Transcription- where tRNA codes for a certain amino acid. 2.) The amino acid is created according to what the tRNA coded for.3.) The sequence is held together by peptide bonds.4.) The amino acid sequence is taken back by the mRNA | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html | null |
9,733 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 0 | 1 | The word invasive has a great significance to the article. Especially because that's what they consider the species to be. Although not all agree that thats what they should be called in the article it says "Even the term invasive species is unfair, he said. They're introduced, I think that 'invasive' is passing judgement. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
23,021 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 1 | 1 | The author organize the article by putting each name by order.In evey new paragraph the author has a new title. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
3,756 | 2 | A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability.
Procedure:
1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length.
2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table.
3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample.
4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes.
5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types.
6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples.
7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1).
The student recorded the following data from the investigation.
Data Table:
Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2
A | 10 | 12
B | 22 | 23
C | 14 | 13
D | 20 | 20
1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data.
2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results. | 1 | 1 | Plastic type D has 19 better chance of having stretchability because during both trials the amount stretched out equal, so it has a accurate chance of stretching. The student could have improved this experimental design by adding another trial and reapeating the same procedure. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html | null |
1,251 | 1 | A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation.
Procedure:
1. Determine the mass of four different samples.
2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers.
3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container.
4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water.
5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes.
6. Determine the mass of each sample.
The students' data are recorded in the table below.
Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g)
Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4
Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3
Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0
Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1
After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information. | 1 | 2 | In order to replicate this experiment, you would need to know which types of samples to begin with (marble,limestone,wood,plastic). You would also need to know exactly how much vinegar to pour in the containers for step 2, and lastly, what unit of measurement should the mass be recorded in? | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html | null |
18,500 | 7 | Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item
Crossing Over
Rose's head jerked up from her chest. "Oh no," she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion.
The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework.
When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? "I'm insane," she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her.
Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes.
"Anna," Rose said. "What's wrong? You feel okay?"
"I'm fine," her sister said. "I just had another bad dream."
"I fell asleep working on my essay," Rose said.
Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. "Mama's not home yet, is she." It wasn't a question. "I hate how late she has to work." Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. "I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."
"It's only been four months," Rose said as gently as she could. "He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."
Anna glared at Rose. "Money isn't everything."
"Only if you already have everything," Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. "We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."
Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. "You sound just like Mama." She stood and stalked out of the kitchen.
By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come.
In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands.
Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in.
Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen.
"Good morning, Rose," her aunt said.
Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, "Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"
Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother.
"In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal," her aunt said. "But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"
Rose nodded.
"Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you." Her aunt's face lit up. "Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."
Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing.
Prompt—Trait of Rose Item
Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer. | 2 | 2 | One trait that describes Rose is respectful. When Rose's Aunt Kolab asked her if she felt weighed down, Rose did not answer. She did not ansewer because she was afraid to hurt the Aunts feelings. Rose does the same when she surpresses how she feels when is her sister is upset. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html | null |
8,433 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 1 | 2 | The word "invasive" has greater significance on the article. "Invasive" means that animals are getting introduced into areas they are not naturally found in. Paragraph 9 states "invasive species unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity". This shows the significance of "invasive" in the article. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
26,418 | 10 | Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature.
Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp?
Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy.
Materials:
- glass jar
- lamp
- four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white
- thermometer
- meterstick
- stopwatch
Procedure:
1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar.
2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C.
3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp.
4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1.
5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3.
7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids.
8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color.
Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar:
Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C)
Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average
Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53
Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48
Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45
White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42
Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial.
Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to:
- Choose a paint color.
- Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse.
- Use results from the experiment to support your description.
Choose a color:
Black
Dark gray
Light gray
White
| 0 | 0 | white :: dark colors atract heat lighter colors reapel heat | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html | |
23,244 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 1 | 1 | The author organizes the article by seperating all of the topics into four different parts. This help to explain different parts of the satellite importances. It seperated them from satellites in different countries to seperating them in how they can one day crsh in outter space. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
8,939 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 0 | 0 | Invasive means mainly aggressive animals. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
27,240 | 10 | Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature.
Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp?
Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy.
Materials:
- glass jar
- lamp
- four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white
- thermometer
- meterstick
- stopwatch
Procedure:
1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar.
2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C.
3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp.
4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1.
5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3.
7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids.
8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color.
Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar:
Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C)
Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average
Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53
Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48
Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45
White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42
Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial.
Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to:
- Choose a paint color.
- Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse.
- Use results from the experiment to support your description.
Choose a color:
Black
Dark gray
Light gray
White
| 0 | 0 | dark gray :: it might affect the dog house a little. I cho ose dark gray because it's average. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html | |
8,173 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 1 | 1 | Invasive means that something is taking over. In the article, species are invasive to other species and humans. The significance of invade is that species are trying to go to climates where they feel comfortable. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
3,419 | 2 | A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability.
Procedure:
1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length.
2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table.
3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample.
4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes.
5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types.
6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples.
7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1).
The student recorded the following data from the investigation.
Data Table:
Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2
A | 10 | 12
B | 22 | 23
C | 14 | 13
D | 20 | 20
1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data.
2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results. | 1 | 0 | A conclusion I can draw is that plastic type B can be streched the most at 22 mm. Plastic type A was the weekest stretched at 10 mm. ^p Two ways are do a control and do it for a longer time. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html | null |
14,943 | 6 | List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane.
Rubric for Cell Membrane
Key Elements:
* Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across.
* Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
* Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.
* Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell.
* Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient.
* Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis.
* Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell. | 0 | 1 | mitosis, they seperate to make it easier to pass things through the cell. They are selectively permeable which alows them to chose what gets in and out of the cell. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html | null |
20,878 | 8 | Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item
Gifts
I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. "Move along, people, move along!" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied.
I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell.
"Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?" he asked, arms folded across his chest.
"Learning center," I muttered, showing him my hall pass.
"Why?" he asked from behind a hard stare.
"Why?" I answered automatically, "I can't read."
His gaze softened. "Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."
For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school.
"Nothing," I answered. "Just some homework."
"Meet me in the gym. 2:30." Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed.
When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. "None of this appeals to you?" he asked.
I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school.
"Follow me," he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one.
"Know what that thing is called?" he asked.
"A hurdle," I answered.
"Know what to do with it?" he questioned.
"You jump it," I replied.
"Well?" he responded. "On your way then."
It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap.
"Not a bad first effort," commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in.
"That was terrible," I gasped.
"You'll do better next time," he responded. "Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."
"Right," I panted.
Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, "Say, what's your name?"
"Paul." It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week.
And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. "Open your stride!" "Pump your arms!" "Lean, . . . NOW!" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach.
"How'd you get so fast, son?" he asked.
"Well, I've been training," I replied. "Someone's helping me."
"Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"
I nodded.
The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website.
"Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"
The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team.
"Absolutely," he replied with a grin. "A little competition will only help."
I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. "Why didn't you tell me about this?"
He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page.
"I looked good back then, didn't I?" he chuckled.
I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. "You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."
"I remember," he said solemnly. "Best race of my life."
"Well, what happened after that?" I pressed.
Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke.
"I was a good athlete," he said softly, "but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard." His voice trailed off.
"But you went to college," I said.
"Things were different back then," he replied. "The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."
The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him.
"C'mon, Mr. Leonard," I said, walking back toward school. "It's time to start your training."
Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item
During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story. | 2 | 2 | Learning that Mr. Leonard had trouble reading as well my Paul feel less alone in the fact he has trouble with reading and schol. Before he felt stupid when he was called on to read in class or to answer a question he didn't know the answer to and everyone else did. Now he realizes he isn't alone in his struggles which makes him slighty more confident. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html | null |
26,887 | 10 | Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature.
Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp?
Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy.
Materials:
- glass jar
- lamp
- four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white
- thermometer
- meterstick
- stopwatch
Procedure:
1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar.
2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C.
3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp.
4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1.
5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3.
7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids.
8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color.
Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar:
Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C)
Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average
Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53
Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48
Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45
White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42
Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial.
Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to:
- Choose a paint color.
- Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse.
- Use results from the experiment to support your description.
Choose a color:
Black
Dark gray
Light gray
White
| 0 | 0 | black :: It would have more air in the doghouse allowi ng the dog to breath easier. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html | |
6,258 | 3 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article. | 1 | 1 | Pandas and koalas are both similar because they are specialists. Pandas only eat bamboo and koalas almost always eat Eucalyptus leaves, where as a species like a python, which are generalists, eat a wide variety of things. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html | |
719 | 1 | A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation.
Procedure:
1. Determine the mass of four different samples.
2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers.
3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container.
4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water.
5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes.
6. Determine the mass of each sample.
The students' data are recorded in the table below.
Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g)
Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4
Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3
Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0
Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1
After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information. | 1 | 1 | I would write down how much vinegar they put in these 4 different example of mass. They didn't keep track of the experiment.^p They also didn't repeted the experiment again and I think thats one of the most important thing that everybody should do. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html | null |
23,848 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 2 | 2 | The author organize the article by using headings that tell what the section will be about. Like the heading 'Crash Course' that tells you that this section will be about something that is crashing into something. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
11,585 | 5 | Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item
Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis.
Rubric for Protein Synthesis
Key Elements:
* mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore.
* mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
* mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA).
* tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA.
* The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids.
* A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA.
* Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation).
* Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination). | 0 | 0 | HYDROGEN BONDS AND DNA SEGMENTS | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html | null |
8,682 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 0 | 1 | Invasive is the ability to invade or take over something. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
14,123 | 6 | List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane.
Rubric for Cell Membrane
Key Elements:
* Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across.
* Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
* Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.
* Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell.
* Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient.
* Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis.
* Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell. | 0 | 0 | reconizing the celllets out emzymes to attack | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html | null |
11,269 | 5 | Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item
Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis.
Rubric for Protein Synthesis
Key Elements:
* mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore.
* mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
* mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA).
* tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA.
* The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids.
* A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA.
* Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation).
* Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination). | 0 | 0 | 1. mRNA goes to | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html | null |
739 | 1 | A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation.
Procedure:
1. Determine the mass of four different samples.
2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers.
3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container.
4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water.
5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes.
6. Determine the mass of each sample.
The students' data are recorded in the table below.
Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g)
Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4
Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3
Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0
Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1
After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information. | 1 | 0 | As you can see the students investigation went well. The materials they used were marble, limestone, wood and plastic. By look of the data you can see that the starting mass for all of them is 9,8-marble, 10,4-limestone, 11,2-wood, 2,2-plastic. Then the end mass read 9,4-marble, 9,1-limestone, 11,2-wood and 7,1-plastic. As you can see all of them exsape limestone decreased. As you can see the investigation took a lot of time to put together. So I believe as I have laid out for you that this investigation took a lot of time and they came out with wonderful results. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html | null |
11,165 | 5 | Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item
Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis.
Rubric for Protein Synthesis
Key Elements:
* mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore.
* mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
* mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA).
* tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA.
* The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids.
* A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA.
* Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation).
* Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination). | 0 | 0 | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, interphase. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html | null |
8,992 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 1 | 1 | The word "invasive" is significant to this article because the pythons are invading the habitats of other animals and according to biologists are major threats to biodiversity. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
11,247 | 5 | Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item
Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis.
Rubric for Protein Synthesis
Key Elements:
* mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore.
* mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
* mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA).
* tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA.
* The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids.
* A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA.
* Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation).
* Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination). | 0 | 0 | Four major steps involved in protein synthesis are recreation, bounding, healing, and protecting. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html | null |
8,473 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 2 | 2 | The word "invasive" mixes a negative connotation, and the usage of the word or lack thereof can reveal thus "invasive" implies that the non native species are imperiling indigenous species, and could be posing a threat to people or wildlife as well. People who support the introduction or various species are plane to oppose this word, as they see no serious insignificance or diversifying a population. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
15,222 | 6 | List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane.
Rubric for Cell Membrane
Key Elements:
* Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across.
* Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
* Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.
* Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell.
* Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient.
* Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis.
* Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell. | 0 | 0 | When a cell needs energy, or food, the plasma membrane lets the food inside of the cell where it is processed by mitochondria. On the cell membrane, there is a series of locking nodules that prevent unwanted substances from entering the cell. Also, things like cilia and flaggellum aid in cell movement and could also possibly aid in the movement of substances. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html | null |
12,431 | 5 | Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item
Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis.
Rubric for Protein Synthesis
Key Elements:
* mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore.
* mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
* mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA).
* tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA.
* The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids.
* A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA.
* Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation).
* Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination). | 0 | 0 | the cell cycle | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html | null |
24,274 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 2 | 2 | The author breaks the article into three parts which are, What is Space Junk?, Crash Course, and Little Bits, But a Big Deal. The author does this so he can get the point of each section across in an easier way to understand. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
27,335 | 10 | Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature.
Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp?
Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy.
Materials:
- glass jar
- lamp
- four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white
- thermometer
- meterstick
- stopwatch
Procedure:
1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar.
2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C.
3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp.
4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1.
5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3.
7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids.
8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color.
Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar:
Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C)
Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average
Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53
Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48
Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45
White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42
Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial.
Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to:
- Choose a paint color.
- Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse.
- Use results from the experiment to support your description.
Choose a color:
Black
Dark gray
Light gray
White
| 1 | 0 | black :: This color would keep the doghouse warm during the nights and cold days, and if it is a hot day then the dog will be outside anyways | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html | |
11,424 | 5 | Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item
Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis.
Rubric for Protein Synthesis
Key Elements:
* mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore.
* mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
* mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA).
* tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA.
* The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids.
* A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA.
* Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation).
* Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination). | 0 | 0 | gathering, protein needs to breath, so it needs more room | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html | null |
12,215 | 5 | Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item
Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis.
Rubric for Protein Synthesis
Key Elements:
* mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore.
* mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
* mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA).
* tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA.
* The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids.
* A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA.
* Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation).
* Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination). | 0 | 0 | Interphase, Prophase, Anaphase, and Telophase. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html | null |
3,886 | 2 | A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability.
Procedure:
1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length.
2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table.
3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample.
4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes.
5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types.
6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples.
7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1).
The student recorded the following data from the investigation.
Data Table:
Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2
A | 10 | 12
B | 22 | 23
C | 14 | 13
D | 20 | 20
1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data.
2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results. | 3 | 3 | Based on the student's data, plastic type B stretched the most compared to plastic type A, C, and D. Therefore, B has the most stretchability. Two ways to improve the experimental design are to make sure each plastic starts at the same length and that the same amount of weights are used for each plastic. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html | null |
18,580 | 7 | Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item
Crossing Over
Rose's head jerked up from her chest. "Oh no," she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion.
The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework.
When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? "I'm insane," she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her.
Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes.
"Anna," Rose said. "What's wrong? You feel okay?"
"I'm fine," her sister said. "I just had another bad dream."
"I fell asleep working on my essay," Rose said.
Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. "Mama's not home yet, is she." It wasn't a question. "I hate how late she has to work." Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. "I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."
"It's only been four months," Rose said as gently as she could. "He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."
Anna glared at Rose. "Money isn't everything."
"Only if you already have everything," Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. "We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."
Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. "You sound just like Mama." She stood and stalked out of the kitchen.
By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come.
In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands.
Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in.
Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen.
"Good morning, Rose," her aunt said.
Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, "Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"
Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother.
"In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal," her aunt said. "But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"
Rose nodded.
"Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you." Her aunt's face lit up. "Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."
Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing.
Prompt—Trait of Rose Item
Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer. | 0 | 0 | She is confused and busy with her life is right now. 'Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her'. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html | null |
3,445 | 2 | A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability.
Procedure:
1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length.
2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table.
3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample.
4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes.
5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types.
6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples.
7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1).
The student recorded the following data from the investigation.
Data Table:
Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2
A | 10 | 12
B | 22 | 23
C | 14 | 13
D | 20 | 20
1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data.
2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results. | 2 | 2 | a) The plastic that is most stretchable is plastic B, and the least stretchable is plastic A. ^p b) The student could have put the original length of the plastic into his table without the original length, it is actually impossible to see which one stretched the most. Plastic D looks like it stretched a lot according to the graph, but its original length could have been 20. The length of the plastic samples should also be the same. If there is one sample that is shorter than the others, the results will not be accurate. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html | null |
15,417 | 6 | List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane.
Rubric for Cell Membrane
Key Elements:
* Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across.
* Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
* Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.
* Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell.
* Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient.
* Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis.
* Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell. | 0 | 0 | 1- the cells have to divide so they dont get to big. if they get to big then the process will take longer or not go all the way through2-when the cells go through the process miosis and mitois they make more cells.3- the more cells there are the healthier the membrane is | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html | null |
23,619 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 1 | 1 | The author has it organizd because he has differnt titles.Everything is majority in the right places and a certain order.The facts are in a cerntiain part of the story.It also gives alot of information and information you need for the article. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
21,604 | 8 | Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item
Gifts
I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. "Move along, people, move along!" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied.
I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell.
"Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?" he asked, arms folded across his chest.
"Learning center," I muttered, showing him my hall pass.
"Why?" he asked from behind a hard stare.
"Why?" I answered automatically, "I can't read."
His gaze softened. "Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."
For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school.
"Nothing," I answered. "Just some homework."
"Meet me in the gym. 2:30." Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed.
When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. "None of this appeals to you?" he asked.
I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school.
"Follow me," he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one.
"Know what that thing is called?" he asked.
"A hurdle," I answered.
"Know what to do with it?" he questioned.
"You jump it," I replied.
"Well?" he responded. "On your way then."
It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap.
"Not a bad first effort," commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in.
"That was terrible," I gasped.
"You'll do better next time," he responded. "Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."
"Right," I panted.
Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, "Say, what's your name?"
"Paul." It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week.
And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. "Open your stride!" "Pump your arms!" "Lean, . . . NOW!" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach.
"How'd you get so fast, son?" he asked.
"Well, I've been training," I replied. "Someone's helping me."
"Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"
I nodded.
The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website.
"Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"
The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team.
"Absolutely," he replied with a grin. "A little competition will only help."
I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. "Why didn't you tell me about this?"
He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page.
"I looked good back then, didn't I?" he chuckled.
I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. "You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."
"I remember," he said solemnly. "Best race of my life."
"Well, what happened after that?" I pressed.
Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke.
"I was a good athlete," he said softly, "but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard." His voice trailed off.
"But you went to college," I said.
"Things were different back then," he replied. "The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."
The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him.
"C'mon, Mr. Leonard," I said, walking back toward school. "It's time to start your training."
Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item
During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story. | 1 | 2 | The information that he had received really inspired paul to become this great track athlete and follow the footsteps of Mr. Grabowski. In paragraph 38, Paul had said that Grabowski broke records and was really ecited about this information. Paul had also found out the Mr. Grabowski had been in college and Paul was inspired to go to college just as he had. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html | null |
1,276 | 1 | A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation.
Procedure:
1. Determine the mass of four different samples.
2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers.
3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container.
4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water.
5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes.
6. Determine the mass of each sample.
The students' data are recorded in the table below.
Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g)
Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4
Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3
Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0
Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1
After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information. | 3 | 3 | How long the samples, how much the vinegar, at how big should containers be. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html | null |
8,873 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 1 | 0 | Invasive would mean bringing the creature where they should be, where they don't belong you know they shouldn't be here. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
23,925 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 2 | 2 | The author organizes it by dividing it into sections that reflect the size of the different types of space junk. In the second section, Crash Course, the author explains the dangers of the larger debris while in the third section, Little Bits, But a Big Deal, The author explains the dangers of small particles and objects to spacecraft. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
8,131 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 1 | 1 | The word invasive means something that is taking over or being invaded. This word is significant to the story because its showing that the snakes are taking over & is invading different parts of the world. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
11,441 | 5 | Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item
Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis.
Rubric for Protein Synthesis
Key Elements:
* mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore.
* mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
* mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA).
* tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA.
* The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids.
* A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA.
* Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation).
* Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination). | 1 | 1 | The mRNA that was copied from the DNA leaves the nucleus. It goes to the ribosome, where it is transcripted. Each codon codes for an amino acid. The proteins are linked together as they are translated. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html | null |
26,988 | 10 | Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature.
Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp?
Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy.
Materials:
- glass jar
- lamp
- four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white
- thermometer
- meterstick
- stopwatch
Procedure:
1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar.
2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C.
3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp.
4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1.
5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3.
7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids.
8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color.
Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar:
Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C)
Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average
Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53
Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48
Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45
White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42
Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial.
Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to:
- Choose a paint color.
- Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse.
- Use results from the experiment to support your description.
Choose a color:
Black
Dark gray
Light gray
White
| 1 | 1 | light gray :: It wont get as much heat as black because dar k colors absorb more heat then other colors. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html | |
17,259 | 7 | Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item
Crossing Over
Rose's head jerked up from her chest. "Oh no," she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion.
The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework.
When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? "I'm insane," she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her.
Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes.
"Anna," Rose said. "What's wrong? You feel okay?"
"I'm fine," her sister said. "I just had another bad dream."
"I fell asleep working on my essay," Rose said.
Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. "Mama's not home yet, is she." It wasn't a question. "I hate how late she has to work." Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. "I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."
"It's only been four months," Rose said as gently as she could. "He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."
Anna glared at Rose. "Money isn't everything."
"Only if you already have everything," Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. "We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."
Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. "You sound just like Mama." She stood and stalked out of the kitchen.
By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come.
In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands.
Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in.
Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen.
"Good morning, Rose," her aunt said.
Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, "Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"
Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother.
"In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal," her aunt said. "But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"
Rose nodded.
"Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you." Her aunt's face lit up. "Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."
Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing.
Prompt—Trait of Rose Item
Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer. | 0 | 0 | Standing up and and helping there brother paul get off to a good collage. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html | null |
3,380 | 2 | A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability.
Procedure:
1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length.
2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table.
3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample.
4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes.
5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types.
6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples.
7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1).
The student recorded the following data from the investigation.
Data Table:
Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2
A | 10 | 12
B | 22 | 23
C | 14 | 13
D | 20 | 20
1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data.
2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results. | 2 | 2 | a) After viewing the data, it is clear that type B has the greatest stretchability with 22mm and 23mm, compared to type A's 10 mm and 12 mm. Also type D is the most accurate because 20 mm was reached in both trials. ^p b) This student can improve the design by specifying how many of what amount weight he used. This will give him more control over the experiment. Also, he should have a control plastic to compare the results of the others to. The control should be either stretchable or very durable. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html | null |
319 | 1 | A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation.
Procedure:
1. Determine the mass of four different samples.
2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers.
3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container.
4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water.
5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes.
6. Determine the mass of each sample.
The students' data are recorded in the table below.
Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g)
Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4
Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3
Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0
Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1
After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information. | 2 | 2 | The additional information you would need to replicate the experiment is to mention what the four different samples are, tell how much vinegar was used in each container and how many remaining samples are going to be used. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html | null |
1,537 | 1 | A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation.
Procedure:
1. Determine the mass of four different samples.
2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers.
3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container.
4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water.
5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes.
6. Determine the mass of each sample.
The students' data are recorded in the table below.
Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g)
Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4
Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3
Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0
Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1
After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information. | 2 | 3 | I would need to know if there was any specific material we needed like special wood or plastic. Some other information I would need is what kind of vinegar they used white or red. One last thing would be, does it matter what you dry them with just in case it could effect it | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html | null |
24,507 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 0 | 0 | They have specific facts and little details in certian catagories of his paper. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
14,585 | 6 | List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane.
Rubric for Cell Membrane
Key Elements:
* Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across.
* Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
* Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.
* Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell.
* Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient.
* Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis.
* Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell. | 0 | 0 | respirationreproductiondnarna | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html | null |
8,544 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 1 | 1 | The significance of the word invasive to the article would be how fast animals are populating. In the article is talking about how much snakes the country and if it's dangerous for the rates of snakes group. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
1,370 | 1 | A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation.
Procedure:
1. Determine the mass of four different samples.
2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers.
3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container.
4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water.
5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes.
6. Determine the mass of each sample.
The students' data are recorded in the table below.
Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g)
Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4
Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3
Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0
Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1
After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information. | 2 | 3 | You would need to know what materials to get. You would also need to know how much vinegar to put in each cup. They should have told us what to measure the cup with. They should have also told us what type of container to use. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html | null |
741 | 1 | A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation.
Procedure:
1. Determine the mass of four different samples.
2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers.
3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container.
4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water.
5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes.
6. Determine the mass of each sample.
The students' data are recorded in the table below.
Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g)
Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4
Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3
Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0
Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1
After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information. | 1 | 1 | In order to replicate this experiment, the group would need to most importantly state what the experiment is for, name the materials used and a hypothesis for the experiment. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html | null |
8,938 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 1 | 1 | Invasive is and important word it is negative to because the pythons are not native to Florida and they are taking it over causing big problems because they are a danger to the wildlife that lives there. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
1,189 | 1 | A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation.
Procedure:
1. Determine the mass of four different samples.
2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers.
3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container.
4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water.
5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes.
6. Determine the mass of each sample.
The students' data are recorded in the table below.
Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g)
Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4
Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3
Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0
Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1
After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information. | 0 | 0 | Well they all got diffient number of there project cause of the marbal got 9.8 limestone got 10.4 and wood 11.2 plastic 7.2 for the starting mass -5 project. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html | null |
26,538 | 10 | Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature.
Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp?
Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy.
Materials:
- glass jar
- lamp
- four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white
- thermometer
- meterstick
- stopwatch
Procedure:
1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar.
2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C.
3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp.
4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1.
5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3.
7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids.
8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color.
Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar:
Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C)
Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average
Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53
Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48
Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45
White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42
Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial.
Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to:
- Choose a paint color.
- Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse.
- Use results from the experiment to support your description.
Choose a color:
Black
Dark gray
Light gray
White
| 1 | 1 | light gray :: It will make the dog house warmer in the wint er but will not make it too warm in the summer. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html | |
20,126 | 8 | Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item
Gifts
I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. "Move along, people, move along!" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied.
I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell.
"Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?" he asked, arms folded across his chest.
"Learning center," I muttered, showing him my hall pass.
"Why?" he asked from behind a hard stare.
"Why?" I answered automatically, "I can't read."
His gaze softened. "Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."
For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school.
"Nothing," I answered. "Just some homework."
"Meet me in the gym. 2:30." Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed.
When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. "None of this appeals to you?" he asked.
I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school.
"Follow me," he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one.
"Know what that thing is called?" he asked.
"A hurdle," I answered.
"Know what to do with it?" he questioned.
"You jump it," I replied.
"Well?" he responded. "On your way then."
It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap.
"Not a bad first effort," commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in.
"That was terrible," I gasped.
"You'll do better next time," he responded. "Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."
"Right," I panted.
Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, "Say, what's your name?"
"Paul." It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week.
And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. "Open your stride!" "Pump your arms!" "Lean, . . . NOW!" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach.
"How'd you get so fast, son?" he asked.
"Well, I've been training," I replied. "Someone's helping me."
"Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"
I nodded.
The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website.
"Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"
The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team.
"Absolutely," he replied with a grin. "A little competition will only help."
I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. "Why didn't you tell me about this?"
He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page.
"I looked good back then, didn't I?" he chuckled.
I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. "You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."
"I remember," he said solemnly. "Best race of my life."
"Well, what happened after that?" I pressed.
Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke.
"I was a good athlete," he said softly, "but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard." His voice trailed off.
"But you went to college," I said.
"Things were different back then," he replied. "The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."
The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him.
"C'mon, Mr. Leonard," I said, walking back toward school. "It's time to start your training."
Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item
During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story. | 2 | 2 | Paul is effected by Mr. Leonard's background information because Mr. Leonard can't read just like Paul and Mr. Leonard could have been a huge track star if he would have focused on his school work in high school. Paul is motivated to work harder on his work at school now because he wants to be somebody. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html | null |
24,314 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 1 | 1 | The author dreate subtitles for each section when he changes what he is talking about. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
3,643 | 2 | A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability.
Procedure:
1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length.
2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table.
3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample.
4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes.
5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types.
6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples.
7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1).
The student recorded the following data from the investigation.
Data Table:
Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2
A | 10 | 12
B | 22 | 23
C | 14 | 13
D | 20 | 20
1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data.
2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results. | 1 | 1 | a. Based on the student's data, the amount of stretchability in each opastic type was different for trial 1 and 2. (with an exception of type D that remained the same). ^p b. Two ways the student could have improved the experimental design are to clarify the weight of the weight they added on step 4, then for step 6 they should have had clarified the procedure that had to be repeated (ex repeat steps 1-5 exactly for other three plastic plastic samples). | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html | null |
23,768 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 2 | 1 | It starts off with a attention getter to grab the reader's attention. The author than creates a short passage providing information on what is being meant to talk about in the passage. The first thing he does is provides information about what space junk is and a little information about the history behind it. The author explains that space junk is what the Soviet | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
5,461 | 3 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article. | 0 | 0 | Pandas are similar speals to koalas and they are both different to pythons becase pythons are not mammals and pandas and koalsas are herbivores pythons are carnivores. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html | |
12,312 | 5 | Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item
Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis.
Rubric for Protein Synthesis
Key Elements:
* mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore.
* mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
* mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA).
* tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA.
* The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids.
* A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA.
* Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation).
* Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination). | 0 | 0 | tRNA | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html | null |
11,665 | 5 | Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item
Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis.
Rubric for Protein Synthesis
Key Elements:
* mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore.
* mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
* mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA).
* tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA.
* The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids.
* A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA.
* Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation).
* Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination). | 0 | 0 | tRNA. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html | null |
14,995 | 6 | List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane.
Rubric for Cell Membrane
Key Elements:
* Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across.
* Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
* Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.
* Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell.
* Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient.
* Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis.
* Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell. | 0 | 0 | the eukaryote carry the cells from the cell membrane. They go through meiosis, and mitosis. Then they put up a cell wall and put chloroplast around the outside of the wall. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html | null |
14,097 | 6 | List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane.
Rubric for Cell Membrane
Key Elements:
* Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across.
* Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
* Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.
* Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell.
* Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient.
* Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis.
* Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell. | 0 | 0 | they are passed through various organelles. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html | null |
23,223 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 2 | 2 | The author organizes this article by presenting different topics about how space junk is created, and how it can be harmful. Each section presents a different problem contributing to the build up of space junk. The author starts out by grabbing the reader with some shocking statements, and then explains the topic of the article. The author then continues on to explain what space junk is, and how it is building up in outerspace. After, the author shows how satellites collide, causing them to break into smaller pieces, which leads into the last section about how harmful the tiny pieces can really be. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
17,998 | 7 | Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item
Crossing Over
Rose's head jerked up from her chest. "Oh no," she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion.
The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework.
When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? "I'm insane," she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her.
Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes.
"Anna," Rose said. "What's wrong? You feel okay?"
"I'm fine," her sister said. "I just had another bad dream."
"I fell asleep working on my essay," Rose said.
Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. "Mama's not home yet, is she." It wasn't a question. "I hate how late she has to work." Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. "I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."
"It's only been four months," Rose said as gently as she could. "He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."
Anna glared at Rose. "Money isn't everything."
"Only if you already have everything," Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. "We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."
Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. "You sound just like Mama." She stood and stalked out of the kitchen.
By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come.
In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands.
Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in.
Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen.
"Good morning, Rose," her aunt said.
Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, "Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"
Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother.
"In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal," her aunt said. "But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"
Rose nodded.
"Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you." Her aunt's face lit up. "Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."
Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing.
Prompt—Trait of Rose Item
Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer. | 2 | 2 | I think her conversation with Anna made her seem like she is a very caring person of how she was asking whats wrong or are u feeling ok. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html | null |
14,877 | 6 | List and describe three processes used by cells to control the movement of substances across the cell membrane.
Rubric for Cell Membrane
Key Elements:
* Selective permeability is used by the cell membrane to allow certain substances to move across.
* Passive transport occurs when substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
* Osmosis is the diffusion of water across the cell membrane.
* Facilitated diffusion occurs when the membrane controls the pathway for a particle to enter or leave a cell.
* Active transport occurs when a cell uses energy to move a substance across the cell membrane, and/or a substance moves from an area of low to high concentration, or against the concentration gradient.
* Pumps are used to move charged particles like sodium and potassium ions through membranes using energy and carrier proteins.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when the membrane of the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane forcing large molecules out of the cell as in exocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when molecules are engulfed by the cell membrane as in endocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around large molecules as in phagocytosis.
* Membrane-assisted transport occurs when vesicles are formed around liquid droplets as in pinocytosis.
* Protein channels or channel proteins allow for the movement of specific molecules or substances into or out of the cell. | 0 | 0 | Anaphase, Metaphase, Prophase. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet6/essay_set_6_rubric.html | null |
26,481 | 10 | Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature.
Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp?
Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy.
Materials:
- glass jar
- lamp
- four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white
- thermometer
- meterstick
- stopwatch
Procedure:
1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar.
2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C.
3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp.
4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1.
5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3.
7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids.
8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color.
Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar:
Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C)
Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average
Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53
Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48
Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45
White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42
Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial.
Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to:
- Choose a paint color.
- Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse.
- Use results from the experiment to support your description.
Choose a color:
Black
Dark gray
Light gray
White
| 2 | 2 | black :: if they used black for there dog house there dog would be very warm because it would keep all the heat in there for keeping the dog warm because the black will be traping in the heat that is why people don't wear black on a hot day. I can say this because in the data table for black the average temperature was 53(DEG) and that was the highest temperature there was this is why I think Brandi and Jerry should use black for there dog house. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html | |
24,629 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 2 | 2 | The author categorizes this article. For example, he puts information about space junk in 'What Is Space Junk'. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
20,859 | 8 | Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item
Gifts
I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. "Move along, people, move along!" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied.
I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell.
"Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?" he asked, arms folded across his chest.
"Learning center," I muttered, showing him my hall pass.
"Why?" he asked from behind a hard stare.
"Why?" I answered automatically, "I can't read."
His gaze softened. "Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."
For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school.
"Nothing," I answered. "Just some homework."
"Meet me in the gym. 2:30." Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed.
When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. "None of this appeals to you?" he asked.
I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school.
"Follow me," he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one.
"Know what that thing is called?" he asked.
"A hurdle," I answered.
"Know what to do with it?" he questioned.
"You jump it," I replied.
"Well?" he responded. "On your way then."
It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap.
"Not a bad first effort," commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in.
"That was terrible," I gasped.
"You'll do better next time," he responded. "Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."
"Right," I panted.
Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, "Say, what's your name?"
"Paul." It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week.
And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. "Open your stride!" "Pump your arms!" "Lean, . . . NOW!" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach.
"How'd you get so fast, son?" he asked.
"Well, I've been training," I replied. "Someone's helping me."
"Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"
I nodded.
The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website.
"Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"
The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team.
"Absolutely," he replied with a grin. "A little competition will only help."
I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. "Why didn't you tell me about this?"
He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page.
"I looked good back then, didn't I?" he chuckled.
I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. "You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."
"I remember," he said solemnly. "Best race of my life."
"Well, what happened after that?" I pressed.
Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke.
"I was a good athlete," he said softly, "but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard." His voice trailed off.
"But you went to college," I said.
"Things were different back then," he replied. "The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."
The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him.
"C'mon, Mr. Leonard," I said, walking back toward school. "It's time to start your training."
Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item
During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story. | 2 | 2 | The background information of Mr. Leonard effects Paul in a positive way. When Paul finds out the Mr. Leonard was also a great hurdler, but flunked out of college for not being able to read, it shows him that he can overcome even the biggest obstacles. Paul is a little shocked when Mr. Leonard says that he was a hurdler in college, but could not read. Paul shows this in paragraph 43. Paul could relate to what Mr. Leonard went through and he ends up helping Mr. Leonard learn to read. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html | null |
20,761 | 8 | Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item
Gifts
I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. "Move along, people, move along!" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied.
I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell.
"Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?" he asked, arms folded across his chest.
"Learning center," I muttered, showing him my hall pass.
"Why?" he asked from behind a hard stare.
"Why?" I answered automatically, "I can't read."
His gaze softened. "Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."
For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school.
"Nothing," I answered. "Just some homework."
"Meet me in the gym. 2:30." Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed.
When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. "None of this appeals to you?" he asked.
I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school.
"Follow me," he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one.
"Know what that thing is called?" he asked.
"A hurdle," I answered.
"Know what to do with it?" he questioned.
"You jump it," I replied.
"Well?" he responded. "On your way then."
It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap.
"Not a bad first effort," commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in.
"That was terrible," I gasped.
"You'll do better next time," he responded. "Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."
"Right," I panted.
Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, "Say, what's your name?"
"Paul." It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week.
And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. "Open your stride!" "Pump your arms!" "Lean, . . . NOW!" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach.
"How'd you get so fast, son?" he asked.
"Well, I've been training," I replied. "Someone's helping me."
"Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"
I nodded.
The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website.
"Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"
The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team.
"Absolutely," he replied with a grin. "A little competition will only help."
I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. "Why didn't you tell me about this?"
He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page.
"I looked good back then, didn't I?" he chuckled.
I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. "You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."
"I remember," he said solemnly. "Best race of my life."
"Well, what happened after that?" I pressed.
Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke.
"I was a good athlete," he said softly, "but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard." His voice trailed off.
"But you went to college," I said.
"Things were different back then," he replied. "The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."
The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him.
"C'mon, Mr. Leonard," I said, walking back toward school. "It's time to start your training."
Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item
During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story. | 0 | 0 | Paul likes to incourage people to do better. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html | null |
24,111 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 0 | 0 | He organizes it by detail. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
26,656 | 10 | Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature.
Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp?
Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy.
Materials:
- glass jar
- lamp
- four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white
- thermometer
- meterstick
- stopwatch
Procedure:
1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar.
2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C.
3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp.
4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1.
5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3.
7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids.
8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color.
Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar:
Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C)
Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average
Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53
Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48
Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45
White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42
Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial.
Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to:
- Choose a paint color.
- Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse.
- Use results from the experiment to support your description.
Choose a color:
Black
Dark gray
Light gray
White
| 0 | 0 | white :: It won't effect it at all becuase white don't asorb to much energy and won't cuase any heat like black will | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html | |
5,462 | 3 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article. | 1 | 1 | Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they're both specialist animals meaning they eat almost one thing. For example, pandas eat bamboo and koalas only eat eucalyptus leaves. They are different from pythons because pythons are generalist species and can survive well almost anywhere. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html | |
1,292 | 1 | A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation.
Procedure:
1. Determine the mass of four different samples.
2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers.
3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container.
4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water.
5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes.
6. Determine the mass of each sample.
The students' data are recorded in the table below.
Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g)
Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4
Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3
Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0
Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1
After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information. | 3 | 3 | In order to replicate this experiment, we should be told the amount of vinegar in m/ls and tell what the container is made of and define if there needs to be a constant temperature in the 24 hours of it trying in an incubator. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html | null |
8,231 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 0 | 0 | The significance of the word invasive is to describe the animal and its behavior. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
18,242 | 7 | Reading Passage—Trait of Rose Item
Crossing Over
Rose's head jerked up from her chest. "Oh no," she groaned, rubbing the back of her neck and blinking at the bright light in the kitchen. For a split second she was confused. Then she remembered: her essay for the state competition. She'd been struggling to think of a topic. Her brain must have surrendered to exhaustion.
The day, like most of her days, had been too long, too demanding. From school she'd gone straight to the restaurant to work a four-hour shift, then straight home to help Aunt Kolab prepare a quick supper. After that it was time to do homework.
When would she squeeze in writing a flawless three-thousand-word essay? "I'm insane," she said grimly as she gathered books and papers. Even if I win, she thought, I won't get to travel to Sacramento to receive the prize. She'd already had to miss a lot of shifts, and her supervisor was on the verge of firing her.
Her younger sister walked in rubbing her eyes.
"Anna," Rose said. "What's wrong? You feel okay?"
"I'm fine," her sister said. "I just had another bad dream."
"I fell asleep working on my essay," Rose said.
Anna poured two glasses of orange juice and handed one to Rose. "Mama's not home yet, is she." It wasn't a question. "I hate how late she has to work." Her voice sank to a fierce whisper. "I'm so lonesome for Papa. It seems like he's been gone for years."
"It's only been four months," Rose said as gently as she could. "He had to go. The job in Los Angeles paid three times what he was making here."
Anna glared at Rose. "Money isn't everything."
"Only if you already have everything," Rose said. She tried a laugh that sounded fake even to her. "We have our part to do to help Paul finish college. Then he'll get a good job, Anna, and he'll pay for you and me to go to college."
Anna rolled her eyes and shoved her chair away from the table. "You sound just like Mama." She stood and stalked out of the kitchen.
By the time Rose tiptoed into their room, Anna was already snoring lightly. Rose slid into bed and watched the lights from passing cars move across the walls. They became the lights that had illuminated the stage at Paul's high school graduation. As her brother accepted his diploma, Rose had glanced at her parents' faces. Four eyes shining with tears. The work, the sheer weight of it, to get him on that stage slid from them in that moment; only a sweet, triumphant ache remained. Surely they remembered the ship, their young son and daughters clinging to their necks, Cambodia behind them, the United States before them. On that ship perhaps they had imagined their children's futures, imagined this very day would come.
In the dark Rose clasped then cupped her hands. Paul's fate lies partly in these, she thought. She felt too young for so much responsibility. Then she shivered, imagining how her brother must feel. Only three years older, he held the fate of two people—both his sisters—in his hands.
Rose dreamed that she swam through clear, green-tinted water, enjoying the pure simplicity of a fish's life. She stopped moving and looked up. She saw Paul jump from a boulder and crash into the water just above her. His body sank as if it were made of stone, pushing her beneath him down to the sandy bottom. She struggled to get out from under him, but he seemed unaware of her. When she opened her mouth to scream get off, water rushed in.
Rose woke gasping for air. The walls of her room were bathed in pale sunlight. When her heart had slowed back down, she got up. Anna was still asleep. In the hall Rose stopped at her mother's room. She was also sleeping. So it was Aunt Kolab making the muted noises coming from the kitchen.
"Good morning, Rose," her aunt said.
Rose felt an urgent need to relate the dream, to expose it so it would loosen its grip on her. After she'd finished, her aunt said, with a puzzled look, "Do you feel so weighed down by what you're doing to help this family?"
Rose didn't answer. If she told the truth, she would hurt her aunt. And probably her aunt would tell her mother.
"In Cambodia, our first country, what we're all doing would be quite normal," her aunt said. "But now I realize that you're seeing the situation through other eyes—as you should, I suppose, because you grew up here…. This must be difficult for you. Yes?"
Rose nodded.
"Hmm. Maybe we can find a way to do things differently. A way better for you." Her aunt's face lit up. "Maybe I can sew for ladies. Or I could make special treats from our country and sell them."
Rose kept nodding. Maybe her life would get easier. Maybe it wouldn't. But her aunt's offer had somehow made her feel lighter. Suddenly, it occurred to her: here was the topic for her essay, although it was still vague. Cambodian tradition and sense of family, she realized, could survive an ocean crossing.
Prompt—Trait of Rose Item
Identify ONE trait that can describe Rose based on her conversations with Anna or Aunt Kolab. Include ONE detail from the story that supports your answer. | 0 | 0 | Rose is an overachiver because she has to do so many things and yet she still participates in things. She had to do a flawless three-thousand-word essay, if she wins she gets to go to Sacramento to receive the prize. When she was talking to Aunt Kolab it is obvius that the Kolab knows what she is going through and that going on this trip will relax her but at the same time bulid up stress and anxiouty for when they get back. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet7/essay_set_7_rubric.html | null |
26,816 | 10 | Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature.
Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp?
Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy.
Materials:
- glass jar
- lamp
- four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white
- thermometer
- meterstick
- stopwatch
Procedure:
1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar.
2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C.
3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp.
4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1.
5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3.
7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids.
8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color.
Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar:
Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C)
Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average
Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53
Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48
Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45
White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42
Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial.
Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to:
- Choose a paint color.
- Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse.
- Use results from the experiment to support your description.
Choose a color:
Black
Dark gray
Light gray
White
| 0 | 0 | white :: the white is not dark and not light, white is between that . | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html | |
8,651 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 0 | 1 | The importance of the word " invasive"is that all these rare species are not invasive. The author believes that this term is unfair for the animals instead he says they are " introduced". He thinks that the term " invasive" is passing judgement. Also, this term relates to the article because these species are being " introduced " to society. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
20,473 | 8 | Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item
Gifts
I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. "Move along, people, move along!" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied.
I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell.
"Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?" he asked, arms folded across his chest.
"Learning center," I muttered, showing him my hall pass.
"Why?" he asked from behind a hard stare.
"Why?" I answered automatically, "I can't read."
His gaze softened. "Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."
For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school.
"Nothing," I answered. "Just some homework."
"Meet me in the gym. 2:30." Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed.
When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. "None of this appeals to you?" he asked.
I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school.
"Follow me," he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one.
"Know what that thing is called?" he asked.
"A hurdle," I answered.
"Know what to do with it?" he questioned.
"You jump it," I replied.
"Well?" he responded. "On your way then."
It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap.
"Not a bad first effort," commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in.
"That was terrible," I gasped.
"You'll do better next time," he responded. "Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."
"Right," I panted.
Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, "Say, what's your name?"
"Paul." It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week.
And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. "Open your stride!" "Pump your arms!" "Lean, . . . NOW!" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach.
"How'd you get so fast, son?" he asked.
"Well, I've been training," I replied. "Someone's helping me."
"Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"
I nodded.
The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website.
"Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"
The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team.
"Absolutely," he replied with a grin. "A little competition will only help."
I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. "Why didn't you tell me about this?"
He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page.
"I looked good back then, didn't I?" he chuckled.
I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. "You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."
"I remember," he said solemnly. "Best race of my life."
"Well, what happened after that?" I pressed.
Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke.
"I was a good athlete," he said softly, "but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard." His voice trailed off.
"But you went to college," I said.
"Things were different back then," he replied. "The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."
The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him.
"C'mon, Mr. Leonard," I said, walking back toward school. "It's time to start your training."
Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item
During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story. | 2 | 2 | When Paul found out Mr. Leonard was in track and had broken records he was suprised, and wondered why he did not hear about it before. When Paul figured out that Mr. Leonard could not read he felt sympathetic for him because he wasnt good at reading either. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html | null |
21,444 | 8 | Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item
Gifts
I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. "Move along, people, move along!" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied.
I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell.
"Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?" he asked, arms folded across his chest.
"Learning center," I muttered, showing him my hall pass.
"Why?" he asked from behind a hard stare.
"Why?" I answered automatically, "I can't read."
His gaze softened. "Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."
For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school.
"Nothing," I answered. "Just some homework."
"Meet me in the gym. 2:30." Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed.
When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. "None of this appeals to you?" he asked.
I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school.
"Follow me," he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one.
"Know what that thing is called?" he asked.
"A hurdle," I answered.
"Know what to do with it?" he questioned.
"You jump it," I replied.
"Well?" he responded. "On your way then."
It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap.
"Not a bad first effort," commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in.
"That was terrible," I gasped.
"You'll do better next time," he responded. "Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."
"Right," I panted.
Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, "Say, what's your name?"
"Paul." It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week.
And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. "Open your stride!" "Pump your arms!" "Lean, . . . NOW!" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach.
"How'd you get so fast, son?" he asked.
"Well, I've been training," I replied. "Someone's helping me."
"Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"
I nodded.
The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website.
"Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"
The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team.
"Absolutely," he replied with a grin. "A little competition will only help."
I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. "Why didn't you tell me about this?"
He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page.
"I looked good back then, didn't I?" he chuckled.
I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. "You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."
"I remember," he said solemnly. "Best race of my life."
"Well, what happened after that?" I pressed.
Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke.
"I was a good athlete," he said softly, "but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard." His voice trailed off.
"But you went to college," I said.
"Things were different back then," he replied. "The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."
The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him.
"C'mon, Mr. Leonard," I said, walking back toward school. "It's time to start your training."
Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item
During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story. | 2 | 2 | The effect that the background information has on Paul is that he was so amazed that Mr. Leonard won the 400 meter hurdles and didn't tell him about it. The effect really sinks into to Paul that Mr. Leonard was just like him. Paul states 'This man had given his time to help me excel at something.' this means that he is greatful that someone like him would do something like that to help Paul achieve something great, and right then Paul realized that he then needed to return the favor to Mr. Leonard. By helping him train again. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html | null |
10,974 | 5 | Prompt—Protein Synthesis Item
Starting with mRNA leaving the nucleus, list and describe four major steps involved in protein synthesis.
Rubric for Protein Synthesis
Key Elements:
* mRNA exits nucleus via nuclear pore.
* mRNA travels through the cytoplasm to the ribosome or enters the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
* mRNA bases are read in triplets called codons (by rRNA).
* tRNA carrying the complementary (U=A, C+G) anticodon recognizes the complementary codon of the mRNA.
* The corresponding amino acids on the other end of the tRNA are bonded to adjacent tRNA's amino acids.
* A new corresponding amino acid is added to the tRNA.
* Amino acids are linked together to make a protein beginning with a START codon in the P site (initiation).
* Amino acids continue to be linked until a STOP codon is read on the mRNA in the A site (elongation and termination). | 0 | 0 | Translation- The amino acid code is translatedTranscription- The amino acid code is readSynthesis-The protein is made Introduction- The code is given | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet5/essay_set_5_rubric.html | null |
23,895 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 1 | 2 | The Author Organizes the Articles by first saying what a space junk is. The united states followed suit and thats when the human race begun. The objects themselves, however are positioned hundreds of miles above earth.The second thing he talks about is cash course where dead stellites run the risk of coliding with eacht other like in february 2009. Not only spectacular crashes that create debris. He continues to the section Little bits ,but a big deal were it gets really serious.when a tiny fragment traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. The amount of trash increasing has taken over | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
26,837 | 10 | Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature.
Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp?
Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy.
Materials:
- glass jar
- lamp
- four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white
- thermometer
- meterstick
- stopwatch
Procedure:
1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar.
2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C.
3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp.
4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1.
5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3.
7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids.
8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color.
Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar:
Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C)
Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average
Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53
Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48
Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45
White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42
Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial.
Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to:
- Choose a paint color.
- Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse.
- Use results from the experiment to support your description.
Choose a color:
Black
Dark gray
Light gray
White
| 1 | 1 | white :: Since white is such a light color it doesnt a bsorb so much energy and it's cooler than the other colors. Cooler condit ions are best for a dog, in my opinion. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html | |
8,934 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 2 | 2 | Invasive refers to something or someone that is in a area that is not theirs, and causing harm to the natural inhabitants, such as the pythons in Florida. They were introduced to the area and have invaded into the territory up other animals. In the store it states pythons are imperiling live endangered species in the Florida keys. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
563 | 1 | A group of students wrote the following procedure for their investigation.
Procedure:
1. Determine the mass of four different samples.
2. Pour vinegar in each of four separate, but identical, containers.
3. Place a sample of one material into one container and label. Repeat with remaining samples, placing a single sample into a single container.
4. After 24 hours, remove the samples from the containers and rinse each sample with distilled water.
5. Allow the samples to sit and dry for 30 minutes.
6. Determine the mass of each sample.
The students' data are recorded in the table below.
Sample | Starting Mass (g) | Ending Mass (g) | Difference in Mass (g)
Marble | 9.8 | 9.4 | -0.4
Limestone | 10.4 | 9.1 | -1.3
Wood | 11.2 | 11.2 | 0.0
Plastic | 7.2 | 7.1 | -0.1
After reading the group's procedure, describe what additional information you would need in order to replicate the experiment. Make sure to include at least three pieces of information. | 2 | 2 | I would need to know what to measure the weight in, how much vinegear to put in, and how long to rinse each sample with distilled water for. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet1/essay_set_1_rubric.html | null |
20,992 | 8 | Reading Passage—Mr. Leonard Item
Gifts
I met Mr. Leonard when I started middle school. He was a hall monitor whose job it was to keep students moving along from one classroom to the next. "Move along, people, move along!" he'd advise the shuffling crowd, and everyone complied.
I distinguished myself from the masses by being one of a select few in the remedial reading program. Twice a week, I left English class early for the learning center in the basement, where I worked with a tutor. On my first trip, Mr. Leonard confronted me in the stairwell.
"Hey, my friend, where do you think you're going?" he asked, arms folded across his chest.
"Learning center," I muttered, showing him my hall pass.
"Why?" he asked from behind a hard stare.
"Why?" I answered automatically, "I can't read."
His gaze softened. "Fair enough. On your way, then. Work hard."
For the next few weeks, that was the extent of our conversations. He'd meet me in the stairwell, I'd show him my pass. Then one day he surprised me by asking what I did after school.
"Nothing," I answered. "Just some homework."
"Meet me in the gym. 2:30." Since this gave me a legitimate reason to delay my daily homework battles, I agreed.
When I arrived, the gym was crowded with kids warming up for intramurals. Mr. Leonard was seated in a corner, watching. He waved me over, then pointed at the kids chasing basketballs. "None of this appeals to you?" he asked.
I shook my head. When you're the last guy chosen for teams in gym class, you don't seek out more of that treatment after school.
"Follow me," he directed, and, obediently, I followed. We left the building and went to the track. Spread along the inside lane were hurdles. Mr. Leonard pointed at the closest one.
"Know what that thing is called?" he asked.
"A hurdle," I answered.
"Know what to do with it?" he questioned.
"You jump it," I replied.
"Well?" he responded. "On your way then."
It never occurred to me to refuse--perhaps I'd been conditioned by hearing those words every day. I got into a slow jog and awkwardly hopped over each barrier for a whole lap.
"Not a bad first effort," commented Mr. Leonard as I staggered in.
"That was terrible," I gasped.
"You'll do better next time," he responded. "Bring sneakers and shorts tomorrow."
"Right," I panted.
Mr. Leonard began walking back toward the school, then turned and asked, "Say, what's your name?"
"Paul." It didn't occur to me until later that this was an odd question for someone who had checked my hall pass twice a week.
And so it began. Monday through Friday, rain or shine, I was out on the track with Mr. Leonard shouting from the side. "Open your stride!" "Pump your arms!" "Lean, . . . NOW!" I improved steadily until one day I found myself standing before the high school track coach.
"How'd you get so fast, son?" he asked.
"Well, I've been training," I replied. "Someone's helping me."
"Mr. Leonard Grabowski?"
I nodded.
The coach smiled and asked me to work out with the high school team. Then he scribbled on a scrap of paper and handed it me. It was a URL for a track and field website.
"Visit this site. Do a search for 'Grabowski.'"
The next day, I told Mr. Leonard about my conversation with the coach and asked if he thought I should work out with the team.
"Absolutely," he replied with a grin. "A little competition will only help."
I pulled the printout I'd downloaded the night before from my pocket. "Why didn't you tell me about this?"
He looked at me quizzically, then smiled sadly at the image on the page.
"I looked good back then, didn't I?" he chuckled.
I moved beside him and pointed to the photograph. "You were a college freshman who won the 400 meter hurdles at the nationals. You broke records."
"I remember," he said solemnly. "Best race of my life."
"Well, what happened after that?" I pressed.
Mr. Leonard handed the paper back and looked at the ground, his brow furrowed, his voice cracked as he spoke.
"I was a good athlete," he said softly, "but not a good student. We had no learning centers in our school. I relied on friends to help me get by, but even then the work was always too hard." His voice trailed off.
"But you went to college," I said.
"Things were different back then," he replied. "The college scouts told me that my grades didn't matter, that I'd have tutors to help me, but college work is a whole lot harder than high school work. I lost my scholarship and flunked out. No other school wanted a runner who couldn't read."
The emotions in Mr. Leonard's words were all too familiar to me. I knew them well--feelings of embarrassment when I was called upon to read aloud or when I didn't know an answer everyone else knew. This man had given his time to help me excel at something. Suddenly I realized what I could do for him.
"C'mon, Mr. Leonard," I said, walking back toward school. "It's time to start your training."
Prompt—Mr. Leonard Item
During the story, the reader gets background information about Mr. Leonard. Explain the effect that background information has on Paul. Support your response with details from the story. | 2 | 2 | When Paul learns about Mr. Leonard's past, he doesn't get discouraged. Instead it motivates him to help Mr. Leonard. Paul wants to help Mr. Leonard like Mr. Leonard helped him. In paragragp forty-five, Paul states that he understands the emotions that Mr. Leonard felt, and that is why he decides to start training him in reading at the end of the story. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet8/essay_set_8_rubric.html | null |
9,357 | 4 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article,
Prompt—Invasive Species Item
Explain the significance of the word "invasive" to the rest of the article. Support your response with information from the article. | 2 | 1 | The word invasive means to invade area and take over. This word is significant because the story says ''invasive species are major threats to bio diversity.'' The word relates to the story because the story mainly about how certain species can live anywhere causing problems in the habitat they go to. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet4/essay_set_4_rubric.html | null |
23,027 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 1 | 1 | The author organizes the article so that the introduction is about the history, the body paragraph shows examples, and the conclusion explains the significance of taking care of our space trash. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
24,001 | 9 | Reading Passage—Organization of Article Item
Orbiting Junk
Grab your telescope! Look up in the sky! It's a comet! It's a meteor!
It's a . . . tool bag?
Such an observation isn't as strange as it seems. Orbital pathways around our planet that were once clear are now cluttered with the remains of numerous space exploration and satellite missions. This "space junk" is currently of great concern to government space agencies around the globe.
What Is Space Junk?
In 1957, the Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. The United States followed suit, and thus began the human race's great space invasion.
Over the past 52 years, a variety of spacecraft, including space capsules, telescopes, and satellites, have been sent beyond Earth's atmosphere. They explore the vast reaches of our solar system, monitor atmospheric conditions, and make global wireless communication possible. The rockets that are used to power these spacecraft typically fall back to Earth and disintegrate in the intense heat that results from friction with Earth's atmosphere. The objects themselves, however, are positioned hundreds of miles above Earth, far from elements that would cause them to degrade or burn up. In this airless environment, some of them continue to circle the planet indefinitely. While this is ideal for a fully functioning object that was launched for that purpose—for example, a communications satellite—what happens when a satellite "dies" or malfunctions and can't be repaired? The disabled object becomes a piece of high-tech junk, circling the globe in uncontrolled orbit.
Crash Course
With no one at the controls, dead satellites run the risk of colliding with each other. That's exactly what happened in February 2009. Two communications satellites, one American and one Russian, both traveling at more than 20,000 miles per hour, crashed into each other 491 miles above the Earth. The impact created hundreds of pieces of debris, each assuming its own orbital path. Now, instead of two disabled satellites, there are hundreds of microsatellites flying through space.
It's not only spectacular crashes that create debris. Any objects released into space become free-orbiting satellites, which means that astronauts must take great care when they leave their spacecraft to make repairs or do experiments. Still, accidents do happen: in 2008, a tool bag escaped from the grip of an astronaut doing repairs on the International Space Station (ISS).
Little Bits, But a Big Deal
So who cares about a lost tool bag or tiny bits of space trash?
Actually, many people do. Those bits of space debris present a very serious problem. Tiny fragments traveling at a speed of five miles per second can inflict serious damage on the most carefully designed spacecraft. If you find that hard to believe, compare grains of sand blown by a gentle breeze to those shot from a sandblaster to strip paint from a concrete wall. At extreme speeds, little bits can pack a punch powerful enough to create disastrous holes in an object moving through space.
Scientists are hard-pressed for an easy solution to the problem of space junk. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) and the European Space Agency maintain catalogues of known objects. The lost tool bag, for example, is listed as Satellite 33442. But while military radar can identify objects the size of a baseball, anything smaller goes undetected. This makes it difficult for spacecraft to steer clear of microdebris fields. Accepting the inevitability of contact, engineers have added multiple walls to spacecraft and stronger materials to spacesuits to diminish the effects of impact.
Yet the problem is certain to persist. In fact, the amount of space trash is actually increasing because commercial space travel is on the rise and more nations have undertaken space exploration. Space agencies hope that the corporations and nations involved can work together to come up with a viable solution to space pollution.
Prompt—Organization of Article Item
How does the author organize the article? Support your response with details from the article. | 1 | 1 | The author of 'Orbiting Junk' organizes the text in a cause and effect manner. The author begins with the beginning of the space race, which began to cause debris to be left in outer space. He then procceds to other ways to create space junk, such as colliding satalites. He then demonstrates the problem posed by the orbiting garbage, which causes individuals to begin searching for a solution. Since most of the authors major topics are caused by the one before, the author arranged his or her piece in a cause and effect pattern. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet9/essay_set_9_rubric.html | null |
5,683 | 3 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article. | 0 | 0 | Pandas in China and koala in Australia are similar because they are both specialists. They are both different from pythons because the python is a generalist. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html | |
26,467 | 10 | Brandi and Jerry did the following controlled experiment to find out how the color of an object affects its temperature.
Question: What is the effect of different lid colors on the air temperature inside a glass jar exposed to a lamp?
Hypothesis: The darker the lid color, the greater the increase in air temperature in the glass jar, because darker colors absorb more energy.
Materials:
- glass jar
- lamp
- four colored lids: black, dark gray, light gray, and white
- thermometer
- meterstick
- stopwatch
Procedure:
1. Put the black lid with the attached thermometer on the glass jar.
2. Make sure the starting temperature inside the jar is 24° C.
3. Place lamp 5 centimeters away from the lid and turn on the lamp.
4. After 10 minutes measure the air temperature inside the glass jar and record as Trial 1.
5. Turn off lamp and wait until the air in the jar returns to the starting temperature.
6. Repeat steps 2 through 5 for Trials 2 and 3.
7. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for the dark gray, light gray, and white lids.
8. Calculate and record the average air temperature for each lid color.
Data Table - Lid Color vs. Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar:
Air Temperature Inside Glass Jar After 10 Minutes (°C)
Lid Color | Trial 1 | Trial 2 | Trial 3 | Average
Black | 54 | 52 | 54 | 53
Dark gray | 48 | 48 | 48 | 48
Light gray| 44 | 45 | 46 | 45
White | 42 | 43 | 41 | 42
Note: Starting temperature was 24° C for every trial.
Prompt: Use the results from the experiment to describe the best color to paint the doghouse. In your description, be sure to:
- Choose a paint color.
- Describe how that color might affect the inside of the doghouse.
- Use results from the experiment to support your description.
Choose a color:
Black
Dark gray
Light gray
White
| 1 | 1 | light gray :: Light gray might not affect the dog house bec ause in the summer when its really hot it went wont get really hot inside because light gray is not as dark. The dog house might just be the right temperture not to hot and not to cold just right. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet10/essay_set_10_rubric.html | |
3,523 | 2 | A student performed the following investigation to test four different polymer plastics for stretchability.
Procedure:
1. Take a sample of one type of plastic, and measure its length.
2. Tape the top edge of the plastic sample to a table so that it is hanging freely down the side of the table.
3. Attach a clamp to the bottom edge of the plastic sample.
4. Add weights to the clamp and allow them to hang for five minutes.
5. Remove the weights and clamp, and measure the length of the plastic types.
6. Repeat the procedure exactly for the remaining three plastic samples.
7. Perform a second trial (T2) exactly like the first trial (T1).
The student recorded the following data from the investigation.
Data Table:
Plastic Type | Amount Stretched (mm) T1 | Amount Stretched (mm) T2
A | 10 | 12
B | 22 | 23
C | 14 | 13
D | 20 | 20
1. Draw a conclusion based on the student's data.
2. Describe two ways the student could have improved the experimental design and/or validity of the results. | 2 | 3 | We can conclude that plastic B is the plastic that can stretch the most we can also conclude that plastic A can stretch the least. The student should haw used the same length plastic for each. The student should have also made their data table it shows the plastic starting length and ending length. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_prompt.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet2/essay_set_2_rubric.html | null |
6,394 | 3 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article. | 1 | 1 | The pandas in China are similar to the koalas in Australia because they are both specialists. These two animals differ from pythons because pythons are generalists. Specialist can only live one areas nway in contrast to generalist who can adapt and live almost anywhere. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html | |
5,590 | 3 | Reading Passage—Koala/Panda Item
THE WASHINGTON POST FRIDAY, APRIL 18, 2008
One Man's Pet, Another's Invasive Species
BY JOEL ACHENBACH
BUSHNELL, Fla—RobRoy Maclnnes is the man to see if you want to buy a crocodile. Or a scorpion, a rattlesnake, a boa constrictor. Got a hankering for a cobra? Just pony up $600 and you can have one of the more lethal species.
"It is a very effective threat display," Maclnnes, 49, says as a Pakistan black cobra, six feet long, hissing, hood spread, writhes in its enclosure and strikes again and again and again at the thin glass separating the creature from a visitor. "A snake like that, coining at you, you'd leave him alone."
Or simply die of fright.
Maclnnes is co-owner of Glades Herp Farms, an empire of claws, spines, scales, fangs and darting tongues. The reptile trade, he's happy to report, is booming. The pet industry estimates that about 4.8 million households now contain at least one pet reptile, a number that has nearly doubled in a decade. Reptiles are increasingly popular in a crowded, urbanized nation. They don't need a yard. You don't have to take a lizard for a walk.
But biologists see the trade in nonnative creatures as a factor in the rising number of invasive species, such as the Burmese python, which is breeding up a storm in the Everglades, and the Nile monitor lizard, a toothy carnivore that can reach seven feet in length and has found a happy home along the canals of Cape Coral. Under a new state law, a customer must obtain a $100 annual permit to buy a monitor lizard or some of the largest snakes-four species of pythons and the green anaconda. The animal must also be implanted with a microchip. That tag could help officials identify the animal if it turns up later in the wild.
Maclnnes contends that the government overestimates the threat posed by invasive reptiles. He says he's being blocked by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from importing some commercially attractive animals, such as Fiji island iguanas and radiated tortoises from Madagascar.
Even the term "invasive species" is unfair, he said. "They're 'introduced.' I think that 'invasive' is passing judgment."
Of the pythons, he said: "To me, it's a wonderful introduction. I think it's the best thing to happen to the Everglades in the last 200 years."
Biologists, however, say that invasive species, unchecked by natural predators, are major threats to biodiversity. Life on Earth has always moved around, but never so fast. Organisms evolve in niche environments. What happens when the natural barriers are removed? When anything can go anywhere?
Complications ensue.
Snakes Alive!
Skip Snow, a wildlife biologist for Everglades National Park, has helped drag hundreds of Burmese pythons out of the weeds, of roadways and even from under the hood of a tourist's car. He calls Maclnnes's argument "ridiculous." The snakes, he says, are imperiling five endangered species in the Florida Keys, including the Key Largo wood rat, one specimen of which, tagged with a radio transmitter, was tracked all the way to the belly of a python.
No one knows how the snakes went native, but there's speculation that Hurricane Andrew, which obliterated thousands of homes, played a factor in a wholesale python jailbreak in 1992. Many invasive species undergo a lag before proliferating. What's certain is that, by 2002, pythons were seen in multiple locations in remote regions of the Everglades.
Then one morning in early 2003 a bunch of tourists on the park's Anhinga Trail, a reliable location for viewing wildlife, were startled to see an alligator with a python in its mouth.
Even more dramatic was what happened in the Everglades in 2005: A python swallowed an alligator and—there's not a delicate way to put it—exploded. The photograph ran around the world; it wasn't pretty, but you had to look.
This February, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that pythons in Asia inhabit climates that are similar to those in about a third of the continental United States. A USGS map showed potential python habitat stretching from California to Delaware and including much of the South. You could conceivably have pythons snacking their way right up the Potomac.
The map wasn't a prediction of where the snakes will actually spread, however. Media coverage of it was overly sensational, argues the map's co-author, Robert Reed.
"When was the last snake story that didn't get sensationalized?" he asked.
"Ecophobia is playing a role," said Jamie K. Reaser, a science and policy adviser to the Pet Industry Joint Advisory Council. "Mammals are warm and fuzzy. Birds tend to have quite a following. But animals such as lizards and snakes tend, at least in this culture, to be less well respected or supported."
The Experiment
What is happening in Florida illustrates a broader fact about life on Earth: We live in an age that favors generalists rather than specialists. A generalist is a raccoon, a python, a cockroach, a white-tailed deer. The ultimate generalist is, arguably, a human being, who with the assistance of technology can live anywhere from Florida to Antarctica to outer space. It's no accident that the species that have become most abundant are often those that do best in and around humans.
A specialist is China's panda, which eats almost nothing but bamboo, or Australia's koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves almost exclusively.
Maclnnes is not without an environmental conscience.
"We're degrading the Earth at an alarming rate," he said. "Will man go extinct before we reach the point where we figure it out?"
He added: "What favors generalists is change. What favors specialists is stability. Right now, mankind has chosen to make Earth a rapidly changing place."
Down in the Everglades, Skip Snow would agree with that part of Maclnnes's philosophy. We are all part of a vast experiment in the blending of organisms from around the world, he said.
"The thing about the experiment is, it's not planned, and there's no one in control," Snow added. "It's an experiment run amok."
Prompt—Koala/Panda Item
Explain how pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia and how they both are different from pythons. Support your response with information from the article. | 1 | 1 | Pandas in China are similar to koalas in Australia because they both only eat one thing from their country. " China's panda, which eats nothing but bamboo, or Australia,s koala bear, which eats eucalyptus leaves". (p 21) They are both different from pythons because the python is a generalist and the panda & koala are specialists. | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_prompt_%26_source_essay.html | https://huggingface.co/datasets/nlpatunt/dataset_rubrics/raw/main/ASAP_SAS/EssaySet3/essay_set_3_rubric.html |
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