SIU Director's Report - Case # 18-OCI-276
Mandate Engaged
Incident Narrative
Analysis and Director's Decision
No Reasonable Grounds to Believe a Criminal Offence was Committed in Relation to Man's Arrest in Belleville
Director's Report for Case # 18-OCI-276.
The Unit's investigative jurisdiction is limited to those incidents where there is a serious injury (including sexual assault allegations) or death in cases involving the police.
"Serious injuries" shall include those that are likely to interfere with the health or comfort of the victim and are more than merely transient or trifling in nature and will include serious injury resulting from sexual assault. "Serious Injury" shall initially be presumed when the victim is admitted to hospital, suffers a fracture to a limb, rib or vertebrae or to the skull, suffers burns to a major portion of the body or loses any portion of the body or suffers loss of vision or hearing, or alleges sexual assault. Where a prolonged delay is likely before the seriousness of the injury can be assessed, the Unit should be notified so that it can monitor the situation and decide on the extent of its involvement.
This report relates to the SIU's investigation into serious injuries sustained by a 37-year-old man (the "Complainant").
Notification of the SIU
On September 15, 2018 at 9:00 p.m., the Belleville Police Service (BPS) reported the following:
On September 14, 2018, at about 10:46 p.m., BPS attempted to stop a motorcycle in the North Frost Street area. The driver of the motorcycle [now known to be the Complainant] subsequently abandoned his vehicle and ran into a marsh area next to a Lowes Home Improvement in an effort to evade police.
Police officers were able to locate and arrest the Complainant. While the Complainant was being walked out of the marsh area, the police officers along with the Complainant stepped off a retaining wall and all three fell approximately four to five feet to the ground. According to the BPS, the area was poorly lit and no one was aware of the drop.
The Complainant was taken to the station where he was processed and later released.
On September 15, 2018, the Complainant's mother attended Belleville Police and advised that the Complainant had suffered a concussion and lost two teeth as a result of the fall. The Complainant apparently attended Belleville General Hospital (BGH).
Number of SIU Investigators assigned:	3
Number of SIU Forensic Investigators assigned:	1
Complainant:
37-year-old male interviewed, medical records obtained and reviewed
[Note : A complainant is an individual who was involved in some form of interaction with police, during the course of which she or he sustained serious injury, died or is alleged to have been sexually assaulted.]
Witness Officers
WO #1	Interviewed
WO #4	Notes reviewed, interview deemed not necessary
WO #6	Not interviewed [1]
[Note : A witness officer is a police officer who, in the opinion of the SIU Director, is involved in the incident under investigation but is not a subject officer.
Upon request by the SIU, witness officers have a duty under Ontario Regulation 267/10 of the Police Services Act , to submit to interviews with SIU investigators and answer all their questions. The SIU is also entitled to a copy of their notes from the police service.]
Subject Officers
SO #1	Declined interview and to provide notes, as is the subject officer's legal right
[Note : A subject officer is a police officer whose conduct appears, in the Director's opinion, to have caused the death or serious injury under investigation.
Subject officers are invited, but cannot be legally compelled, to present themselves for an interview with the SIU and they do not have to submit their notes to the SIU pursuant to Ontario Regulation 267/10 of the Police Services Act .]
North Front Street changed to Highway 62 just north of Highway 401. It was a two-lane road; that is, two lanes travelled north and two lanes travelled south. Millennium Parkway travelled east and west and it was a predominantly a one lane road; that is, one lane travelled east and one lane travelled west. The intersection was controlled by two sets of traffic lights on the north side of the intersection and two sets of traffic lights on the south side. The east side and west side of the intersection were also controlled by two sets of traffic lights.
There was a Petro Canada gas station and a Tim Horton's restaurant at the northwest corner of Millennium Parkway and Highway 62. The restaurant and gas station shared a parking lot. There was a drive-through laneway that travelled from the north side of the restaurant, behind the building, and exited to the south. There was a silver chain linked fence directly behind the back of the restaurant and gas station and it made up a perimeter around a heavily grassed shrubby area with a large pond or body of water in the middle. The fence ran north on Highway 62, north of Millennium Parkway and it also ran west along Millennium Parkway. It resembled an "L" shape. To the west of the restaurant and gas station, on the north side of Millennium Parkway, was a Lowes Home Improvement store. The east side of the parking lot ran along the west side fence line of the grassy compound.
Inside the compound, at the northwest corner of Millennium Parkway and Highway 62, was a raised piece of cement. It was approximately one foot wide, two feet tall, and 12 feet long. On the south side of the cement was a sunken area that contained water, grass and bush. The distance from the top of the cement to the bottom of the sunken area was approximately three feet or more of a drop. There were several lamp posts that were positioned to illuminate the parking lot of the restaurant and gas station and there were lamp posts that were located within the Lowe's store parking lot. There were no lamp posts within the compound or none that were positioned to illuminate inside the compound.
Communications Recordings
On September 14, 2018, the following was communicated via radio:
At 10:24 p.m., Witness Officer (WO) #2 advised that she had a visual on a motorcycle [now known to be driven by the Complainant] travelling north on Highway 62;
At 10:47 p.m., WO #2 advised that the motorcycle was turning around and travelling south and that he was going around in circles;
At 10:48 p.m., WO #2 advised that she and the motorcycle were travelling around in circles and that the motorcycle crashed;
At 10:49 p.m., a police officer was heard asking WO #2 her location. WO #2 advised that she was behind the Petro Canada gas station;
At 10:50 p.m., WO #2 advised that the Complainant was wearing a light blue t-shirt, and that he was wearing a helmet. She also advised who the Complainant looked like.
At 10:52 p.m., a police officer [possibly Subject Officer (SO) #2] advised that he and WO #1 would go on foot to search for the Complainant
At 10:53 p.m., WO #3 advised that she was at the Lowes, and mobile;
At 10:56 p.m., WO #2 advised that the Complainant was probably in the bushes;
At 11:08 p.m., SO #1 advised that he was en route;
At 11:10 p.m., SO #2 advised that he was with SO #1 and that they were going to push towards WO #1;
At 11:11 p.m., SO #2 advised that if you see "subject" to call out, radio communications are garbage right now;
At 11:13 p.m., SO #2 advised, "We got him"; and,
At 11:18 p.m., there were communications regarding the licence plate number from the motorcycle that the Complainant was driving. The licence plate was registered to someone from Sudbury and it was "missing."
Video/Audio/Photographic Evidence
BPS Booking Room Video Summary
On September 14, 2018 at approximately 11:30 p.m., the Complainant was brought to the station by WO #2 and WO #3, and was paraded before WO #5 in the booking room. WO #1 was also present during the booking process.
At 11:35 p.m., the Complainant was escorted to a cell by WO #5. His hands remained handcuffed when he entered into the cell.
At 11:50 p.m., WO #1 attended the Complainant's cell and escorted him out.
At 11:55 p.m., WO #1 and the Complainant returned to the cell; however, the Complainant was wearing only his underwear.
At 11:55 p.m., an unidentified female police officer arrived at the Complainant's cell and provided him with a thermal blanket. Shortly after, an unidentified male police officer arrived and provided the Complainant with a blue suit.
On September 15, 2018, at approximately 10:33 a.m., the Complainant was observed leaving the station via the sally port.
A forensic pathologist with the Ontario Forensic Pathology Service reviewed the SIU's file, including the Complainant's medical records, and arrived at the following observations and conclusions:
•	The Complainant's injuries had the appearance of injuries that could have occurred at or around the time of the Complainant's police pursuit and arrest.
•	All of the injuries were blunt force injuries. Blunt force injuries are caused by either the impact of a blunt object or body part (such as a fist, elbow, knee, or foot) against the body or the impact of the body against a surface or blunt object.
•	The injuries alone did not differentiate between the possibilities of inflicted injury (such as a blow from a fist or foot) and injuries that may have occurred in the setting of moving through dense vegetation in the dark, coupled with at least one fall.
Materials obtained from Police Service
Upon request, the SIU obtained and reviewed the following materials and documents from BPS:
Arrest Report;
Event Details;
List of Involved Officers;
Notes of WO #1, WO #2, WO #3, WO #4 and WO #5; and
Supplementary Occurrence Report (x2).
At about 10:30 p.m. of the day in question, WO #2 and WO #3 observed the Complainant on a motorcycle traveling north on North Front Street. Believing the Complainant to be speeding, the officers began to follow the motorcycle as it approached Millennium Parkway. In the area of the Highway 62 and Millennium Parkway intersection, having identified the motorcycle's licence plate marker and confirmed that it had been reported missing, WO #3 activated her cruiser's emergency light and siren with the intention of stopping the Complainant. The Complainant, who was prohibited from driving, attempted to elude the cruiser. He performed a couple of U-turns and ultimately came to a stop in the area of the northeast corner of the intersection, whereupon he left his vehicle and ran in a northwest direction toward a Tim Hortons restaurant and gas station. He was pursued on foot by WO #2. She ordered him to stop and continued after him toward a fence located behind the restaurant and gas station. The Complainant dropped his helmet and climbed over the fence, finding himself in a fenced-in lot containing overgrown weeds, tall grass and shrubs, trees and pooled water. He proceeded further into the lot and WO #2 lost sight of him.
WO #2 called for the assistance of other officers and waited as the subject officers and WO #1 arrived. The three officers climbed over the fence and began to search for the Complainant. SO #1 and SO #2 located the Complainant lying down. The Complainant was arrested and escorted toward the fence line by the officers. As the three climbed onto a cement structure to assist them in scaling the fence, they accidentally fell off the structure. SO #1 and SO #2 are reported to have suffered minor injuries in the fall. The time was now about 11:15 p.m. The Complainant was transported to the police station.
The following morning, having been released from custody, the Complainant attended the BGH, having broken a tooth, and was diagnosed with a concussion. There is some evidence that the concussion was the result of the Complainant being punched and kicked without reason by the subject officers as they walked him toward the fence following his discovery and arrest.
Section 25(1), Criminal Code -- Protection of persons acting under authority
25 (1) Every one who is required or authorized by law to do anything in the administration or enforcement of the law
(a) as a private person,
(b) as a peace officer or public officer,
(c) in aid of a peace officer or public officer, or
(d) by virtue of his office,
is, if he acts on reasonable grounds, justified in doing what he is required or authorized to do and in using as much force as is necessary for that purpose.
Section 249.1, Criminal Code -- Flight from peace officer
249.1 (1) Every one commits an offence who, operating a motor vehicle while being pursued by a peace officer operating a motor vehicle, fails, without reasonable excuse and in order to evade the peace officer, to stop the vehicle as soon as is reasonable in the circumstances.
The Complainant was arrested by SO #1 and SO #2 of the BPS on September 14, 2018. He is reported to have sustained a concussion and other injuries in the course of the arrest. For the reasons that follow, I am satisfied there are no reasonable grounds to believe that the subject officers committed a criminal offence in connection with the Complainant's arrest.
Pursuant to section 25(1) of the Criminal Code , officers may only use such force as is reasonably necessary in the execution of an act that they are required or authorized by law to do. There is no question that the Complainant had fled from the police on his motorcycle contrary to section 249.1 [2] of the Criminal Code and, therefore, was subject to lawful arrest. The question is whether there are reasonable grounds to believe the subject officers used excessive force in effecting the arrest. If it were believed that the Complainant was the victim of an unjustified beating, there would be sufficient grounds to proceed with assault-based charges against the officers. However, there is evidence belying this description of what occurred. Most forcefully, WO #1, who was present with the Complainant soon after he was discovered until he was escorted back over the fence, at no point saw either SO #1 or SO #2 strike the Complainant. The medical evidence, while largely equivocal as to whether the Complainant sustained his injuries as the result of punches and kicks, or the fall from the concrete structure and/or his interaction with the brush, also tends to undermine the suggestion the Complainant was beaten in certain respects. For example, a medical expert who reviewed the Complainant's medical records suggested he would have expected to see more soft tissue injury to the Complainant's face if he had been punched as much as was alleged.
In the result, I am satisfied that the record is insufficiently reliable to conclude on reasonable grounds that the injuries the Complainant suffered in and around the time of his arrest were the result of any force that might have been used against him by the subject officers, much less excessive force. [3] Accordingly, there is no reasonable basis upon which to believe that the Complainant was assaulted, and the file is closed.
Date:	July 17, 2019
1) WO #6 was not involved in the apprehension of the Complainant. He was assigned as the releasing officer at the time the Complainant was released from police custody on September 15, 2018. WO #6 did not make notes regarding his conversation with the Complainant before he was released. [Back to text]
2) Presently, section 320.17. [Back to text]
3) It is just as likely, in my view, that they were caused by the Complainant's fall from the concrete structure and/or his contact with bushes and branches as he made his way through thick brush at night. [Back to text]


Modi Meter
'It's not about cutting ties, but about moving on': Priyanka Chaturvedi speaks about her difficult decision to quit Congress party after 10 years
Alka DhupkarAlka Dhupkar / Updated: Apr 22, 2019, 10:41 IST
Priyanka Chaturvedi (Photo by Satish Malavade)
Priyanka Chaturvedi, Politician
Hurt by her former party, Priyanka Chaturvedi says her secular and liberal values are not going anywhere as she moves from being a Congress spokesperson to a Shiv Sena campaigner.
Priyanka Chaturvedi, 40, former national spokesperson of Congress, has recently joined the Shiv Sena. She speaks to Mumbai Mirror about her difficult decision to quit the party she served for 10 years and how she plans to merge her ideology with that of the party she once criticised.
From a national party to a regional party - why Shiv Sena?
Mumbai is a melting pot of various cultures. People come from various states and make this their home. My parents migrated here from Uttar Pradesh for better opportunities. This city has lived up to all my dreams. My personality has been greatly moulded by Mumbai. I feel that a political party which represents the values of Mumbai is Shiv Sena. When I thought of leaving a national political party I remembered how I began my public life. The 26/11 terror attacks moved me as a Mumbaikar. I realised I needed to give back to the city which had given me so much. Now, I have returned to the city.
But what about your ideology and that of Shiv Sena? Don't you see any contradictions?
Of course there are contradictions. The contradictions were there in the Congress party too. We have to see how a political party evolves as well. Now you have a political party which is guided by 28-yearold Aaditya Thackeray along with Uddhavji. He is talking about climate change, environment and plastic ban. He is talking about the core issues that matter to every Indian. Either I can be pulled back by the past or start a new future ahead.
Does that mean you are distancing yourself from Balasaheb Thackeray's Shiv Sena and are associating yourself with Aaditya's Shiv Sena?
No, I am not suggesting a break from the past and a continuity of the future. When Balasaheb Thackeray passed away, millions of Mumbaikars came out on the streets of Mumbai. They supported him and had a sense of respect for him, which even I did.
The point is, we have to look at the core agenda where we are both aligned – it's about Mumbai and Maharashtra.
In the past, you have criticised Shiv Sena for hooliganism…
That doesn't change. I have stood for issues and I will continue to believe in them. I could have gone back and deleted earlier tweets. I am not ashamed by what I have spoken in the past.
Why are you not talking about riots and Shrikrishna commission report?
Absolutely. There had been certain incidents, sad moments in Mumbai's history, which no one can do away with. My point is, the implementation of these commissions' reports could have been done by other governments too over the years.
How are you going to stick to your ideology?
(Laughs) My progressive, secular, liberal values are not going anywhere. They will continue. Nobody changes their personality. These are the core points I have grown up with. All that I have spoken in the past 10 years is in the public domain.
Who was instrumental in getting you on board in the Sena?
Aaditya and I have been friends for a long time. When he introduced the plastic ban, I commended him highly, and also his desire to bring Mumbai's vibrant nightlife back. I have seen him grow politically and voice the aspirations of the youth. He kept telling me that he would like me to see me represent one of Mumbai's constituencies. I did ask Congress for a ticket from Mumbai North West, as I had started my Youth Congress work from there. But it did not happen. I had voiced my desire. I am still hopeful that I will get a chance to represent Mumbai in parliament in the future.
Are you going to campaign for BJP? Are you going to meet Amit Shah-Narendra Modi considering the alliance?
No, there is no such discussion at this point. I will be campaigning for Shiv Sena candidates and I am going to engage in youth dialogues, the townhall meetings led by Aadityaji.
You had an important voice in Congress party. What went wrong? People are saying how is it possible that you joined Shiv Sena in just 48 hours?
Let me tell you, this did not happen in 48 hours, this has been brewing since September. September is when I went to Mathura for my party's press conference where a lot of nonsense was spoken about me. I took objection to it. A woman takes her integrity, her dignity and her respect in whichever workspace she wants to work in. My party was good enough to have suspended those people. But they were reinstated in just six months, because of political influence.
When the suspension was revoked, it was unfortunate to say that I went public. I spoke within the party first. It may be not the party's priority for obvious reasons. But for me it was a question about my dignity, my honour, my respect and most importantly my family. They have stood like a rock behind me when politics was considered a taboo for women.
(Tearing up) Coming from a non-political background, it has not been an easy journey for me. Anyone who is suggesting that this is political opportunism should have egg on their face.
Did you speak to Rahul or Priyanka Gandhi?
Of course. Rahulji was kind enough. My immense respect for all the political leaders who helped me grow, who held my hands when I was a nobody, will not just vanish. I told him how I felt, and he understood. I spoke to Priyankaji too. But I felt that at that point in time, what had become the most important factor for me, was somehow not being understood by them. If an important voice in the national forum is not being heard within the party, then there is a problem. When I had given my blood and sweat to the party, the response should have matched.
We can see how much it hurts you to talk about quitting Congress.
I have given most productive 10 years of my life to the party. I had started working for the party when it was at its lowest. My younger child was just two years old then. Now I am being called over-ambitious. Let me tell you, if I was mindlessly ambitious I would have done anything and everything. I am driven by emotion. If I was blindsided by my ambition, then I wouldn't be feeling this way. It is not about the cutting of ties. But life is about moving on.
From Loksabha Elections
Complete list of winners from all 48 co... Complete list of winners from all 48 constituencies from Maharashtra where BJP-Shiv Sena have surged ahead- Lok Sabha Election Results 2019
7 doctors from state read voters' pulse... 7 doctors from state read voters' pulse right
BJP wins back Kairana, Gorakhpur and Ph... BJP wins back Kairana, Gorakhpur and Phulpur seats it lost in bypolls in UP last year
Lok Sabha election Results 2019: Raj Th... Lok Sabha election Results 2019: Raj Thackeray factor fails, Congress-NCP lose ground in Maharashtra
Maharashtra: BJP minority cell worker k... Maharashtra: BJP minority cell worker killed in Akola after argument on Lok Sabha polls
Voter ID row made up by people with no ... Voter ID row made up by people with no vision: Gambhir


ދިވެހި
The President's Office
President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih
Vice President Faisal Naseem
Former Vice Presidents
Office Structure
Vice President's Speeches
Constitution of Maldives
Ministerial Rank
State Ministers
First 100 Working Days of the Government
National Resilience and Recovery Plan
President congratulates ten-year-old Rayan for attaining A star in GCE 'O' Level Chemistry Exam
23 August 2021, Ref: 2021-306
President Ibrahim Mohamed Solih has met Rayan Riyaz Abdul Wahid, a ten-year-old boy who attained an A star grade in the Chemistry subject during the GCE 'O' Level examinations held in June this year. Rayan, a student at Huravee School in Hulhumalé City, was invited to the President's Office along with his parents, late Monday morning.
The President congratulated the young boy and expressed delight at his accomplishment. He also congratulated Rayan's parents, Ms Aishath Yumna and Mr Mohamed Riyaz, for their hard work and encouragement, which had undoubtedly encouraged Rayan to achieve the incredible feat at such a young age. President Solih asked Ryan about his journey and what had sparked his interest to study Chemistry. He also asked Rayan what profession he might want to pursue when he grows up and inquired on what kind of assistance he needs from the President.
Rayan said that he aspires to become a scientist when he grows up and that for now, he wants to acquire laboratory apparatus to create a home lab setup where he can practice small experiments.
Speaking to the President, Rayan's mother revealed that he had been passionate about books from an early age and, as his mother was a Chemistry teacher, Rayan had access to Chemistry books at home. She further emphasised that Rayan did self-study for the exam during the lockdown due to the pandemic last year. Rayan's father thanked the President for acknowledging Rayan's success and expressed their appreciation for the gesture.
President Solih conferred a special gift in recognition of Rayan's achievement and stated that he would provide any support needed by Rayan going forward. The Minister of Education Dr Aishath Ali, Senior Officials at the President's Office and the Principal of Huravee School, Abdullah Rasheed, also attended the meeting.
LATEST FROM THE PRESS OFFICE
The new Japanese Ambassador presents credentials to the President
20 January 2022, Press Release
The President constitutes the Maldives Hydrographic Service
President concludes official visit to U.A.E.
The President tours Expo 2020 Dubai
President appoints a Deputy Minister for National Planning, Housing and Infrastructure
Zero Tolerance to Corruption
Privacy Policy | Copyright Policy


Mattarella recalls Ciampi
'Man of common horizon' says president of predecessor
Redazione ANSA Livorno
(ANSA) - Livorno, January 15 - President Sergio Mattarella on Wednesday recalled his predecessor Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, who died in September 2016.
"Carlo Azeglio Ciampi," he said, "can rightfully be defined as the man of the common horizon." "In his professional life, in the long service he gave, with great integrity, to the institutions of the republic, he always had a clear objective: that of the cohesion and unity of the country".
Former Italian president Ciampi died on September 16, 2016 at the age of 95.
Born in Livorno in 1920, Ciampi was head of State from 1999 to 2006.
He was popular and widely respected for his ability, intelligence and impartiality.
He also had a stint as premier, from 1993 to 1994, and served for 14 years as the governor of the Bank of Italy, up to 1993.


join us in celebrating our 7th anniversary !! $100 off all puppies this month!
OTHER MINI BULLY BREEDS
MINI BULLDOGS FOR SALE
POCKET BEAGLES FOR SALE
MINI FRENCH BULLDOGS FOR SALE
The History of the American Bully For Sale– The Breed's Appearance
Posted on October 11, 2022 October 11, 2022 by Pocket Bully Breeders
The American Bully is a mix of several other breeds, and while it isn't an old breed in itself, its predecessors can trace their lineage back thousands of years. As discussed in part 1, the breed was created to have the desired attributes of these breeds, but without any of the "bad" parts.
Part 2 in this 4 part series looks at the breed's appearance, and where it has got these attributes. All information in this series comes from the book, The Bully King Magazine, which is a great place for anyone interested in the breed to start.
What does the American Bully look like?
The American Bully traces its heritage back to American Staffordshire Terriers, American Pit Bull Terriers, and various bulldog breeds. As these breeds all share reasonably similar traits in terms of size, muscle structure, and face, it's no surprise that the American Bully has come out looking much like them. If anything, one of the main purposes of the breeders was to create a dog that embodied all of the desirable bulldog traits, but without any of the aggression that the breeds have been known for.
American Bullys are medium sized dogs, typically standing between 13 and 20" tall. There is smaller Bully version of the Bully called the Micro Bully, recognized by the American Bully Registry. As the breed is recognized by various kennel clubs, there are strict requirements relating to height, weight, and color. The standard weight of an American Bully is between 66 and 88lbs, making it a very stocky dog for its size.
Typically, the breed is characterized by its muscly and stocky physique, which come from its Bull Terrier predecessors. Terriers and bulldogs were typically bred for a number of purposes, including hunting and fighting, and so needed to be very powerful animals. While the American Bully wasn't bred for these purposes, its muscly physique is one of its most desirable traits, particularly as the breed now doesn't have the same level of aggression behind it.
The American Bully has a blocky head and medium muzzle, and its face is arguably one of its most recognizable traits. It typically has triangular pointy ears that stick up on its head. The breed is also known to have some wrinkles around its muzzle, but nowhere near the level of breeds such as the French or English bulldog. The head is generally proportionate to the size of its body, and is on the larger side, but this is balanced against its muscly body.
The breed is also characterized by its coat, which is short, bristly, and hard to the touch. The coat is generally glossy too, but typically shouldn't be wavy or long. Its coat is dense, but isn't double layered like some other shorthaired dogs. This means that the breed doesn't shed as much as something like a Pug, but does still need regular grooming to keep it in good condition. Any color is accepted by kennel clubs, although the most common are fawn, grey, or a combination of colors.
The American Bully's appearance can be traced back through its lineage of ancestor breeds, and it looks very similar to both Terriers and bulldogs. In the past, these breeds needed to be dense and stocky to make them better at their jobs, but these have now become desired characteristics in a number of breeds. However, keeping the dog to kennel standards means there is significantly less variation in appearance than before, which also means selective breeding is more important. This can sometimes lead to health complications in dogs, which are discussed later in this article.
The different types of American Bully
The American Bully Kennel Club, the industry standard for the breed's appearance, separates the American Bully into 4 different categories. These are defined by height, but with no specification of weight. Categorization is done around 1 year of age, and puts the dog into one of the following categories:
This is the typical size for the breed, hence the title "standard." Male dogs need to be between 17 and 20" tall, whereas female dogs need to be between 16 and 19". The dogs are required to have a stocky body, block head, and defined bone structure.
2. XL
This is the tallest of the types of American Bully, and follows the same physical build as the standard dog. Males are expected to stand between 20 and 23" tall, and females between 19 and 22". This is the largest dog accepted by the kennel, and while Bullys generally won't get much bigger than this, if they do they won't be accepted by the kennel club.
3. Pocket
This is the smaller range of American Bully, and again follows the same physical build as the standard category. Males stand under 17" tall, but no less than 14". Females must be between 13 and 16" tall.
4. Micro
This is the smallest range of American Bully, and again follows the same physical build as the standard category. Males stand under 14" tall. Females less than 13″ tall
5. Classic
This type shares size traits with the standard variety, but has a much lighter bone structure. It looks more similar to the predecessor breeds of American Pit Bull and Staffordshire Terrier.
Health problems in the American Bully
Generally, most health issues are compounded in pedigree dogs, simply because they're subject to greater levels on inbreeding than other breeds. Health issues aren't consistent within the American Bully breed, and there generally aren't health issues that will affect every dog. However, be on the lookout for eye problems, hip and elbow dysplasia, and possible breathing issues, although many of these won't show until the dog is older.
The American Bully can trace its appearance back thousands of years, with many of the breeds barely changing in that time. However, the American Bully has been bred purely for looks and temperament, rather than its use as a working dog. This demonstrates how its general appearance has become a desirable standard for dogs, and the American Bully shows everything that was likeable about its ancestor breeds. This is the end of part 2 on appearance, but stay tuned for the next blog post on the history of the American Bully.
Pocket Bully Breeders
The History of the American Bully Part 1 – Where Does the Breed Come From?
The Pocket American Bully For Sale – How Does the Breed Act?
Copyright [2015] © MICRO POCKET BULLY


Snitching Blog
Resources & Scholarship
Criminal informants provide important information to the justice system, but they also pose serious risks. We hope this website will help attorneys, journalists, advocates, and families to better understand this vital area of public policy.
Criminal informants are famously unreliable. Jailhouse snitch testimony often leads to wrongful conviction. Over 45 percent of all innocent people exonerated from death sentences were wrongfully convicted based on the testimony of a lying criminal informant. This makes snitches the leading cause of wrongful conviction in U.S. capital cases.
YOUNG INFORMANTS
Police sometimes use children as young as 14 as informants. These children may be exposed to drugs, violence, and other criminal activities as they work to get information for their handlers. Some have been killed. California and New Jersey have laws restricting the practice: in other states police have discretion to use juvenile informants.
INFORMANT CRIMES
Some informants are serious criminals who receive leniency for their own crimes. The FBI has been known to use murderers as informants. Many jurisdictions permit drug dealers to continue selling drugs in exchange for cooperation. In 2011, the crimes committed by FBI informants alone totaled over 5,600.
URBAN COMMUNITIES PAY THE PRICE
Informants are a staple of drug enforcement. This means that where drug enforcement is heaviest, informant activity is also heaviest. Because drug arrests occur disproportionately in low-income African American neighborhoods, those residents must live with the crime, violence, and distrust that go with criminal informant use.
Many states are rethinking their criminal informant policies. Some have passed laws restricting the use of jailhouse snitch witnesses. Some have created new rules for disclosure and accountability. The U.S. Congress is considering a number of reforms that would improve transparency and safety. In the future, the laws governing criminal informants will likely look very different than they do today.
Snitch: Frontline, PBS (documentary)
Better this World, POV/PBS (documentary)
Snitch (movie) starring Dwayne Johnson
American Violet (movie)
The Informant (movie)
U.S. House Judiciary Hearing on Informant Use (2007)
Student Informants
A series of recent news articles have documented the use of college student informants by campus and local police. A 20-year-old student named Logan at U. Mass Amherst was permitted to continue his drug habit, and keep the secret from his parents, by becoming an informant. He died from a heroin overdose. From the Boston Globe story, "UMass police helped keep student's addiction secret":
Campus police agreed not to seek criminal charges against Logan or notify his parents after he agreed to become a confidential informant, code named "CI-8," something Logan called "an offer I can't refuse" in a text message to a friend. In December 2012, Logan led police to another dealer — who was immediately arrested and suspended — while Logan remained a student in good standing. Police even refunded $700 they had seized from his room, which he immediately used to buy drugs, according to another text to a friend.
At several University of Wisconsin campuses, police acknowledge converting students into informants who have been arrested for drugs. According to the Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism,
One UW-Whitewater student used as a confidential informant, speaking on condition of anonymity, says he was arrested for selling marijuana and ended up buying ecstasy. Within three hours of his arrest, he says a campus detective searched his phone, identified potential targets and had him sign an agreement. The student, facing felony charges, says he made multiple controlled buys on campus.
These stories follow on the heels of developments at the U.S. Air Force Academy where a student informant program was dismantled after it was made public by the Colorado Springs Gazette. Post here.
Labels: Families & Youth
Search Snitching.org
Snitching: Criminal Informants and the Erosion of American Justice
About Snitching Blog (4)
Book events/media (14)
Drug-related (44)
Dynamics of Snitching (58)
Families & Youth (34)
General Criminal Justice (6)
Incentives & Payments (43)
Informant Crime (29)
Informant Law (63)
Jailhouse Informants (54)
News Stories (40)
Prosecutors (21)
Secrecy (17)
Stop Snitching (13)
Threats to Informants (24)
White Collar (17)
Witness Intimidation (15)
©2018 Snitching.org | Disclaimer


The Case For A New Jeep Truck
Justin Hughes
Filed to: jeepFiled to: jeep
Jeep is killing it these days. This past December saw a whopping 41.7% increase in sales across the brand over the previous year. Jeep is by far Fiat Chrysler's most profitable division, which is particularly noteworthy since they only make SUVs. Despite my recent technical difficulties, Project MJ has already shown me that what makes a good Jeep also makes a good pickup truck. To expand sales even further, I think a return of the Jeep truck would be a great addition to their fleet.
Read on Right Foot Down or continue below
Chrysler's acquisition of American Motors in 1987 spelled the end of Jeep trucks. Chrysler already had their own lineup of Dodge trucks, and unlike GM they didn't want two truck divisions competing with each other. They allowed the recently introduced Comanche to live until the end of its production cycle, then pulled the plug to favor Dodge Dakota sales. There hasn't been a Jeep truck since.
Since then the compact pickup truck has disappeared in the US. Ford Ranger, Chevy S-10, Dodge Dakota – all gone, as well as their Japanese competition. Even mid-size trucks have all but disappeared, with prices increasing to where, for a few dollars more, you can buy a full size truck. This is America, where bigger is better, right? Not really. It can be a pain to maneuver and park even a smaller full size pickup in urban areas. Traditionally the larger trucks got worse gas mileage, though modern turbo and diesel motors are overcoming this disadvantage. Full size trucks from the three American brands all start in the $26,000 range, but those are for stripped down work trucks built to a price point. You can buy two Ram Tradesman trucks for the starting price of one fully loaded Ram Limited.
A new Jeep truck would give Fiat Chrysler a contender in this currently untapped market. It could just as easily come from Ram, but they seem to be suffering from their recent rebranding after they split off from Dodge, while the Jeep brand alone would sell a whole bunch of these trucks. The Jeep name sells the Compass, for crying out loud, which is just a rebodied, rebadged Dodge Caliber.
The Case For A New Jeep Truck - Right Foot Down
Jeep is killing it these days. To expand sales even further, I think a return of…
This past September, Automotive News reported that a Wrangler based pickup is coming to offset the loss of the KL Cherokee from Jeep's Toledo, OH plant. However, AN "learned independently" about the pickup, and Fiat Chrysler made no comment on whether this is true or not. They cite no source for this report, despite it being the focal point of the article that many other automotive news outlets picked up on. It sounds more like wishful thinking to me.
But it would make a lot of sense. Back in 2005, Jeep teased at a Wrangler based pickup concept with the Gladiator. More recently, in 2012, they teased the Jeep J12. Both times people drooled over the concepts and begged them to build it, but it never happened. The interest is clearly there, but I think Jeep/FCA has been holding back on bringing back a small truck until they were sure it would be profitable, and not just a bunch of fleet sales to courier companies. They love small trucks. I drove Ford Rangers and Mazda B2300 twins for a courier company for a couple of years.
Speaking of Ford, they're considering moving Ranger production back to the US. The Ranger never died – they just didn't sell it here, believing there isn't enough of a market for it and preferring to boost sales of their full size trucks instead. But now GM offers a smaller truck, so it's possible that Ford may bring back the Ranger to compete with it. And again, despite many reports that the Ranger is definitely returning, it's actually far from a done deal. But if Ford does move production here, and considering that it currently has no answer to the Colorado/Canyon, it would make sense to actually sell it here.
So what about Dodge Ram? Do they bring back the Dakota as an also-ran? Ford's main argument against selling a smaller truck is that it would take a bite out of F-series sales. They have a good point there, and a new Dakota would do the same to full size Ram sales, which already aren't tremendous. But FCA has a trick up its sleeve – Jeep. Leave the Ram line alone, introduce a small truck as a Jeep instead, and there is no competition between the brands. They sell different products. Plus there are many people who would buy a Jeep truck over Ram/Ford/GM simply because it's a Jeep, or who would buy a Jeep truck instead of a Wrangler because it's a cool alternative.
In their article, Automotive News points out that the Wrangler and Cherokee production lines are almost completely different, since the Cherokee is unibody while the Wrangler is a good old fashioned body-on-frame design. In addition, Jeep can't afford any down time in Wrangler production to retool the line for the new 2018 model. It would make sense to retool the current Cherokee line for the new Wrangler while continuing JK Wrangler production on the current line until they're ready to switch. But then what do they do with the JK production line? Retooling it to produce a new Wrangler based pickup wouldn't be a stretch at all. In fact it would be far more efficient to build it at the same plant as as the Wrangler since they would share many parts. This wouldn't be the first time this happened in Toledo – the XJ Cherokee and MJ Comanche were both built there.
As much as I'd like to see a new Comanche, I don't think that would happen. Though both the old XJ and new KL Cherokee are unibody designs, the KL is front wheel drive based, its platform shared with the Dodge Dart and Chrysler 200. Even the four wheel drive systems favor front wheel drive, disconnecting the rear wheels entirely when sending power to them is not required. The KL Cherokee has become a crossover, and is too much like a modern car for a true usable pickup truck to be based on it.
Despite the hype of the more recent J12 concept, I think it would be cheaper and easier if the new truck was identical to the Wrangler from the B-pillar forward, just like the Comanche was the front half of a Cherokee with a pickup bed. Call it the Scrambler, like the CJ8 model. If based on the Wrangler Unlimited, it would have a good sized, usable pickup bed like the Gladiator concept. Unlike the original CJ8, it would be more like the Comanche in that it would be an actual pickup truck that's usable in the real world. Though it would be cool if FCA decided to emphasize this fact by naming it the Comanche.
The only downside is the price. The current Wrangler starts at $23,895, and the Wrangler Unlimited at $27,695. That's right around the same as a full size Ram, Ford, or Chevy/GMC truck, which is what killed small trucks in the US in the first place. Is the Jeep brand enough to sell a smaller truck for the same price? It is for some. But will that, plus the simple desire for a small truck, be enough to make a Jeep truck profitable? Or is the Chevy Colorado, starting at a mere $20,995 for an extended cab, a better option? Probably, unless Jeep can bring down the price of their truck close to or below Wrangler territory. How low they go depends on how much Jeep wants to sell a good small truck, or how much they want to sell the Jeep brand.
(Photo credits: Kevin's Pocket, Justin Hughes, Autoblog, Toledo Blade, Toronto Star)
Follow @justinhughes54 on Twitter
Recent from Justin Hughes
Subaru Canada Withdraws as Rally Competitor, Expands Grassroots Support
Our Oppo Rally Story
I Defected


Colts | Rigoberto Sanchez uncertain for Week 15
Indianapolis Colts P Rigoberto Sanchez (illness) was back at practice Wednesday, Dec. 16, just 15 days after having a cancerous tumor removed from an undisclosed location. However, his status for Week 15 against the Houston Texans is still rather uncertain. 'I'm just so grateful for the doctors here in the Colts locker room and in Indiana as well,' Sanchez said. 'It's incredible how things pan out sometimes. I could have gone to any other team, and Indiana is, like, where it's at for medicine. I'm just so grateful to be here with you guys, and it's amazing to be back.'
The Herald Bulletin - George Bremer


Motivation & Leadership
Future & Technology
Society & Education
Moderators & Media
Remi Krug
Former President of Krug champagne.
Speakers for your next conference
Innovation/Creativity
Rémi Krug, who retired as President of the House of Krug in January 2007, is a tireless ambassador whose passion for his craft and pride in his remarkable product remain undiminished after more than forty years in the business.
Rémi Krug joined his father Paul Krug II and elder brother Henri in the family firm in 1965 after graduating from the prestigious H.E.C. business school in Paris. His extrovert personality and talents as a communicator naturally led him towards international sales and marketing, and he travelled extensively throughout the world to promote the image of Krug champagne and maintain the company's close relationships with Krug lovers. A fluent speaker of English and Italian, he was instrumental in cementing Krug's traditional ties with the UK, reintroducing Krug to the US, and making Italy, at one point, the company's largest market. Rémi Krug was awarded the Ordre National du Mérite, and also served as president of the influential Comité Colbert, the association of French luxury goods manufacturers, between 1998 and 2002.
Although officially retired, Rémi Krug remains very much a presence within the House of Krug, and continues to advise the House. He is, of course, a full member of the Krug wine team, actively involved in the crucial process of assemblage, the annual quest to recreate the legendary Krug style.
I would like to request quote for:
Please, input the code:
Anil K. Gupta
David Clutterbuck
© 2022 European Speakers Bureau
EUROPEAN SPEAKERS BUREAU Rue Americaine 221, 1050 Brussels, Belgium T: +44 (0) 208 748 9595 E: info@europeanspeakers.com


David Fizdale talks about Russell Westbrook's turnovers
Photo: thesportsrush.com
Russell Westbrook had 13 turnovers in total during the last two games for the Los Angeles Lakers, both of them were losses for his team.
The 33-year-old point guard leads the NBA in turnovers this season with 148. He is fifth among all-time turnovers leaders with 4,041. Above him are three league legends John Stockton, Moses Malone and Karl Malone and Westbrook's teammate LeBron James (#1 with 4,664 career turnovers).
Lakers backup coach David Fizdale was asked to talk about Westbrook's turnovers over the last couple of games. "He really was making strides and I think the circumstances over the last few games I think with so many people being in and out I think triggered in him that he had to save us," he said.
"So some of his plays he was probably moving too fast or trying to press when things weren't there. And again these are things that we just like I said we had a great film session, guys are very open and receptive. We just talked about connection things that how do we instead of this play what can we do within our offensive fundamentals to lead to a great shot for us.
"How do we use your talent that draws all of these players to make sure that that leads to a great shot for us? So that's what the whole film session was about offensively. And again a lot of this stuff is connection. You think Talen's been out for a few games he was playing great, comes back he's struggling. IT just got added to the team, Trevor just got thrown in the mix and some of this is rhythm and connection and understanding when a guy is zigging he need to be zagging and those type of things.
"And so we saw that on the film it's easy to look at the stat line and say 'Oh Russ has 7 turnovers and it's on Russ.' But three or four of those are guys not getting to their spacing or not adjusting to how they're supposed to adjust to as Russ attacks We own it as a team. That's the fun part about being around this group is they don't get caught up in the noise of the results. They're more about 'Can we keep getting better and and attacking the issues and coming up with solutions.' And that's what to day was all about."
Previous David Fizdale provides update on Dwight Howard
Next FC Bayern Munich concludes first round of EuroLeague against Baskonia


Home » Nashville Cat: a session with Greg V.
more... Artists • August 2007 • Greg V.
Nashville Cat: a session with Greg V.
James Egolf
The Third Edition of the American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy defines the word journeyman as "A skilled artisan who works on hire for master artisans rather than for himself." If the definition was appended to read "A master artisan who works on hire for master artisans rather than for himself," it would be an apt description of both Greg V. and his career.
Working for artists as diverse as Double Trouble and Wynnona Judd, in addition to working on soundtracks from shows as varied as Max Headroom and Baywatch, Greg has been able to hone his chops in a variety of situations, allowing him to develop the Zen-like ability to place the right note in exactly the right space, playing for the song rather than for attention. That right-time, right-place aesthetic has also filtered its way into Greg's life geographically, having lived at various times in several major music markets around the country, such as San Francisco, L.A. and Austin.
Greg currently resides in Nashville, where he works as an in-demand session player in addition to taking the occasional touring gig. We were recently able to catch up with him to find out what life is like for a guitarist beginning a career in the Nashville studio scene, as well as how he ended up there.
When did you decide to play guitar?
I started when I was 13, during the summer break between seventh and eighth grade. I loved Elton John and the Who, a lot of great, classic '70s rock. I was starting to write lyrics because I wanted to be involved in the songwriting process, but I realized I was a horrible singer and lyricist, so I started playing guitar. The first day was ten hours, the next day was eight hours, then my fingers hurt, so I only played four hours the third day.
Playing until the skin came off of your fingers?
Yeah, the classic story; I had a really horrible old acoustic that my parents bought for me at the PX for something like ten dollars. It had a small little body and really high action. It wasn't a Harmony, but it was something like that. And, you know, I was just persistent; once I latched on to the guitar it was as though a long lost limb was reconnected. I just couldn't let go. I wouldn't let go.
Was there a defining moment for you – like seeing the Beatles on the Ed Sullivan show – when you thought, that's what I want to do?
That moment was literally getting the guitar in my hands. That's why I never stopped playing. I don't think I missed a day of playing the guitar for several years, and I played at least three or four hours a day. Even when I was sick and had to stay home, I was playing guitar. Those were my formative years; I would pick up riffs from Lynyrd Skynyrd and Ted Nugent records, sitting there for hours, picking the needle up and dropping it back down on the record a million times, trying to learn the intro to "Sweet Home Alabama."
I remember cueing up records over and over.
Yeah, and trying to slow them down to 16 rpm, to learn the quicker licks. If you were a kid back then, and you had that kind of relentless nature to keep doing that over and over, you know there was something seriously driving you. Otherwise, it took too much effort!
Moving forward a bit – how did you then make the transition from high school bands and bar bands to studio and soundtrack work?
That was a bit of a process. I played in bands in high school in the panhandle of Florida. My parents lived on a farm in a small town called Laurel Hill, and I was playing weekends there. I was in a couple of different bands; one was a straight up, hard-country band, doing Willie Nelson and Merle Haggard tunes, and the other was a rock band, where we could make more money doing Blackfoot, Molly Hatchet and Skynyrd covers.
Would this have been in the late '70s?
Yeah, exactly, this was the late 70's, and it was a great period of time because there were tons of clubs all along the panhandle. I played all over, from Tallahassee to Mobile, Alabama. You know, I was 16, 17, 18 years old, and making great money for back then.
Recent Articles by James Egolf
Nik Huber Guitars Junior & Special Review
Reason SM50 Review
Carr Raleigh Review
Ten Years After: celebrating a decade of Suhr Guitars
Live from L.A.: SNL's Jared Scharff
Album Review: Greg Koch Band - "Plays Well with Others"
Purdue Guitar Building Workshop Returns with Female and High School-Specific Sessions
Secrets of a Classical Cat: The Four Right-Hand Commandments


Home > Regulatory response > EU data governance regulation – A wave of digital, regulatory and antitrust reform begins – Part Two
EU data governance regulation – A wave of digital, regulatory and antitrust reform begins – Part Two
By Marcus Evans (UK), Jay Modrall (BE) and Michael Sinclair (UK) on December 17, 2020 Posted in Regulatory response
On 25 November 2020, the European Commission (EC) published its proposed Data Governance Regulation (the DGR), which will create a new legal framework to encourage the development of a European single market for data.
This is part two of a series of three blog posts. In this blog post, we outline the new regimes for data sharing service providers and data altruism under the DGR, and consider the potential impact on businesses.
New regime for data sharing service providers
The EC anticipates that providers of data sharing services, or data intermediaries, will play a key role in facilitating the aggregation and exchange of substantial amounts of relevant data (personal and non-personal data).
The basic principle reflected in the DGR is that such data intermediaries must be independent from both data holders and data users to facilitate the emergence of new data-driven ecosystems independent from online platforms with significant market power.
In what situations would the DGR apply to data sharing arrangements?
The DGR envisages data sharing service providers will play a role in three contexts:
Intermediation services between data holders which are legal persons and potential data users: those services may include bilateral or multilateral exchanges of data or the creation of platforms or databases enabling the exchange or joint exploitation of data, as well as the establishment of a specific infrastructure for the interconnection of data holders and data users.
Intermediation services between data subjects that seek to make their personal data available and potential data users.
Services of data cooperatives: services supporting data subjects or one-person companies or micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, who are members of the cooperative or who confer the power to the cooperative to negotiate terms and conditions for data processing before they consent.
These three areas are described in more detail below.
Any data sharing service provider who intends to provide data sharing services falling within the scope of one of the three types of data sharing services described above must submit a notification to the relevant Member State's competent authority.
Requirement to notify
They will be the only third parties able to run so-called data exchanges or trusts for data pools. Operators of personal data stores will be covered by such requirements and will accordingly need to notify.
The DGR provides that, upon giving such notification, the provider of data sharing services may start the activity subject to the conditions laid down in the DGA. The notification entitles the provider to provide data sharing services in all Member States.
What data sharing services will not be covered by the DGR?
Data sharing service providers covered by the notification requirement under the DGR would have as their main objective the creation of legal and potentially technical relations between data holders and potential users, assisting both parties in exchanging data.
Their business must aim at intermediating between an indefinite number of data holders and data users, rather than a closed group.
What are the other excluded categories?
Other categories excluded from the requirement to give notice under the DGR include:
Providers of cloud services.
Service providers that obtain data from data holders, aggregate, enrich or transform the data and license the use of the resulting data to data users, such as advertisement or data brokers.
Data consultancies.
Providers of data products resulting from value added to the data by the service provider.
Services that focus on the intermediation of content, in particular on copyright-protected content.
Data exchange platforms used by one data holder in order to enable the use of data they hold.
Platforms developed in the context of objects and devices connected to the Internet of Things.
Regulated entities such as consolidated tape providers and account information service providers.
Data altruism organizations (see below).
Under the DGR, providers of data sharing services would be required to have a place of establishment in the EU or to designate a representative in the EU.
Are data sharing service providers outside the EU covered?
This means that a provider of data sharing services that is not established in the EU, but which offers services falling with the scope of the DGR, must:
Appoint a legal representative in one of the Member States in which those services are offered.(The representative would act on behalf of the data sharing services provider under a written mandate. The provider would be deemed to be under the jurisdiction of the Member State in which the legal representative is established.)
Notify the competent authority in the relevant Member State.
Comply with the DGR conditions applicable to such data sharing arrangements.
Data service providers would have to be supervised by the competent authority in the Member State where they are established or their legal representative is located.
Intermediation services between data subjects: personal data
The DGR provides for a specific category of data intermediaries focusing exclusively on personal data and seeks to enhance individual agency and the individuals' control over the data pertaining to them.
These service providers would assist individuals in exercising their GDPR rights, in particular managing their consent to data processing, the right of access to their own data, the right to the rectification of inaccurate personal data, the right of erasure or right "to be forgotten," the right to restrict processing and the right of data portability.
The DGR would prevent misaligned incentives that could encourage individuals to make more data available for processing than what is in the individuals' own interest. It provides that the provider offering services to data subjects shall act in the data subjects' best interest when facilitating the exercise of their rights, in particular by advising data subjects on potential data uses and standard terms and conditions attached to such uses. The duty might also include, for example, making due diligence checks on data users before allowing them to contact data subjects, in order to avoid fraudulent practices.
In certain situations, it could be desirable to collate actual data within a "personal data space" so that processing can happen within that space.
Data cooperatives
The DGR contains rules on data cooperatives, which would seek to strengthen the position of individuals consenting to data use, influencing the terms and conditions attached to data use or potentially solving disputes on how data can be used when such data pertain to several data subjects within that group.
To increase trust in data sharing services, the DGR creates an EU-level regulatory framework with highly harmonized requirements (called "conditions") applicable to all three types of data sharing arrangements covered by the DGR (that is, intermediation services between data holders, intermediation services between data subjects, and data cooperatives).
What are the conditions applicable to providers of data sharing services?
Broadly speaking, the effect of the conditions is that:
Data sharing service providers would be required to be neutral as regards the data exchanged between data holders and data users, and could thus act only as intermediaries, without using the data exchanged for any other purpose.
Structural separation would be required between the data sharing service and any other services provided, so as to avoid conflicts of interest. Data sharing service providers should be separate legal entities that do not engage in other activities.
Data sharing service providers intermediating exchanges of personal data between individuals as data holders and legal persons should be subject to a fiduciary duties to those individuals ("the provider offering services to data subjects shall act in the data subjects' best interest when facilitating the exercise of their rights").
Encouraging data altruism
The DGR aims to tap the potential to increase the use of data made available voluntarily by individuals or companies for purposes of general interest, such as healthcare, combating climate change, improving mobility, compiling official statistics, improving public services and supporting scientific research. The legal framework established by the DGR would contribute to the formation of data pools with sufficient size to enable data analytics and machine learning.
Companies seeking to support purposes of general interest by making available relevant data based on data altruism at scale and which meet certain requirements would be able to register as "Data Altruism Organizations recognized in the Union."
Registration would be valid across the EU, facilitating cross-border data use within the EU and the emergence of data pools covering several Member States.
Engendering trust
The voluntary compliance of such registered entities with a set of requirements should foster trust that data made available for altruistic purposes serves the general interest. Such trust should result in particular from:
A place of establishment within the EU.
The requirement that registered entities have a not-for-profit character.
Transparency requirements.
Specific safeguards in place to protect rights and interests of data subjects and companies.
Further safeguards should include offering data processing within a secure processing environment operated by the registered entity, oversight mechanisms such as ethics councils or boards to ensure that the data controller maintains high standards of scientific ethics, and the technical means to withdraw or modify consent at any moment, based on the information obligations of data processors under the GDPR.
Recognized data altruism organizations would be able to collect relevant data directly from natural and legal persons or to process data collected by others.
What are data altruism organizations permitted to do?
Is consent required?
Typically, data altruism would rely on consent of data subjects in accordance with the GDPR. Individuals and companies participating in these activities would consent to specific purposes of data processing, but could also consent to data processing in certain areas of research or parts of research projects.
For additional legal certainty, the DGR envisages that the EC will develop a European data altruism consent form to contribute additional confidence and transparency on how data subjects' data will be accessed and used.
Use of the form could also streamline data altruism by companies and provide a mechanism allowing companies to withdraw their permission to use the data.
To take into account the specificities of individual sectors, including from a data protection perspective, there should be a possibility for sectoral adjustments of the European data altruism consent form.
Are there generally applicable localization requirements under the DGR?
Shielding: the DGR includes "shielding" provisions to limit EU citizens' and companies' obligation to provide data under non-EU Member State legal procedures. In functional outcome, these could have the effect of localizing some data within the EU.
Non-personal data: a public sector body in relation to public sector data, the re-user of such data, a data sharing provider, and data altruism organizations, as the case may be, must take all reasonable technical, legal and organizational measures in order to prevent transfer or access to non-personal data held in the EU where such transfer or access would create a conflict with EU law or the law of the relevant Member State, unless the transfer or access falls within one of the following two exceptions:
International agreement permits it:any judgment of a court or tribunal and any decision of an administrative authority of a third country requiring them to transfer from or give access to non-personal data in the EU may only be recognized or enforceable if based on an international agreement (such as a mutual legal assistance treaty, in force between the requesting third country and the EU or any such agreement between the requesting third country and a Member State).
International judgment complying with minimum requirements: if they are directed by a decision of a court or of an administrative authority of a third country to transfer from / give access to non-personal data held in the EU, and compliance with that requirement risks conflict with EU / Member State law, the transfer or access shall take place only if: (1) the jurisdiction requires the reasons and proportionality to be set out, and the judgment/decision is sufficiently specific; (2) the objections of the addressee is subject to review of the foreign court; and (3) the foreign court is empowered to take into account the relevant legal interests of the provider of the data.
In either case, they must provide the minimum amount of data permissible in response to a request for transfer / access.
Are there localization requirements specific to public sector data?
There are additional localization requirements applicable to non-personal public sector data. To protect non-personal data protected by intellectual property rights or that is otherwise confidential, special requirements would apply under the DGR to transfers of data to non-EU countries:
The EC can declare that the legal, supervisory and enforcement arrangements of a third country: (1) ensure protection of intellectual property and trade secrets in a way that is essentially equivalent to the protection ensured under EU law; (2) are being effectively applied and enforced; and (3) provide effective judicial redress.
Public sector bodies may only transmit confidential data or data protected by intellectual property rights to a re-user which intends to transfer the data to a third country other than an EC approved country (see bullet above) if the re-user undertakes: (1) to comply with the obligations imposed by the DGR even after the data is transferred to the third country; and (2) to accept the jurisdiction of the courts of the Member State of the public sector body as regards any dispute.
Highly sensitive non-personal data
The DGR provides that public sector bodies may impose stricter conditions on transfers to non-EU countries of highly sensitive types of non-personal data, such as public health system data held by public hospitals.
To ensure harmonized practices across the EU, such highly sensitive data will be defined in EU measures – for example, in the context of the European Health Data Space or other sectoral legislation.
The DGR requires that the conditions:
Attached to the transfer of such data should be proportionate, non-discriminatory and necessary to protect legitimate public policy objectives, such as the protection of public health, public order, safety, the environment, public morals, consumer protection, privacy and personal data protection.
Should also correspond to the risks identified in relation to the sensitivity of such data, including in terms of the risk of the re-identification of individuals.
Could include terms applicable to the transfer or technical arrangements, such as using a secure processing environment, limitations as regards the re-use of data in third-countries or categories of persons which are entitled to transfer such data to third countries or who can access the data in the third country. In exceptional cases, they could also include restrictions on transfer of the data to non-EU countries to protect public interests.
Of course the GDPR continues to apply with its restrictive approach on international transfer of any personal data.


iOS 8 Comes With a New App That Teaches You How to Use Your iPhone
Mario Aguilar
The newest build of iOS 8 just hit developers, and it includes, TADA, a new Apple app called Tips, which will help new users navigate the basics of Apple's mobile OS.
The screen shot above comes to us from 9To5Mac, which reports the details of Apple's newest app. As the name implies, Tips will be full of helpful "did you know" like suggestions and mini tutorials on iOS 8 features. For example, the app will help everyone who fires up iOS and needs a quick guide to Siri. The screens also imply that there will be new weekly tips to squeezing more out of your iPhone or iPad. Apple has also added a new "iOS Tips and Tricks" website.
Tips is noteworthy mostly because Apple doesn't add new apps to its pre-installed suite very often, so you have to believe it was created out of some kind of very urgent need. It might be a bit much to say that Apple, which prides itself on the simplicity of its user experience, is admitting that users might need a little tour of iOS' features. It's actually more amazing that iOS has gotten by without much in the way of instructions for so long. [9to5Mac]
Recent from Mario Aguilar
I Reset the Dumb GE Smart Lightbulb
Heartbreaking: A Frothy Farewell to Alex Dicko, Our Thunder From Down Under
The Samsung Galaxy Fold Is Probably Too Thick


Share this Story: The five best moments from the Canadiens' 2019-2020 season
The five best moments from the Canadiens' 2019-2020 season
From overtime winners, to a playoff upset, these are the five best moments from the Canadiens' 19-20 season
Julian McKenzie • Special to the Montreal Gazette
Sep 30, 2020 • September 30, 2020 • 4 minute read • 9 Comments
Montreal Canadiens Brendan Gallagher, Tomas Tatar, Phillip Danault and Jeff Petry, rear, celebrate with Nick Suzuki, 14, after his goal during first period of National Hockey League game against the Anaheim Ducks in Montreal Thursday February 6, 2020. Photo by John Mahoney /Montreal Gazette files
In every season, good or bad, there are memorable moments that stay with fans or media. And in a year such as this, where the Canadiens played amid a global pandemic, they will have moments they won't soon forget.
But even before they reached the Toronto bubble, the Canadiens provided some fun moments for those watching from home or in the stands. It wasn't all doom and gloom, even if it likely would've ended that way had the NHL not put the Habs in their expanded postseason.
The five best moments from the Canadiens' 2019-2020 season Back to video
We already told you this season for the bleu-blanc-rouge wasn't a complete writeoff . But now, we've pinpointed five of the best moments.
5. Canadiens wallop the Capitals
Montreal Canadiens 5, Washington Capitals 2, November 15, 2019
It was Montreal's most impressive win of the season at that point. The Capitals had the league's best record and were already a formidable opponent (any team is when you have Alexander Ovechkin), but they still couldn't hang with the Canadiens, who got production from Tomas Tatar, Brendan Gallagher, and even Jordan Weal among others.
In another universe, the Canadiens would have propelled themselves through a remarkable campaign thanks to that victory over Ovechkin and the Caps. Instead, the team lost Jonathan Drouin to injury for a long time and they lost the first of eight consecutive games the following night against P.K. Subban and the New Jersey Devils at home.
But after the Habs' win over the Capitals that Friday night, it sure seemed like the team was going to show fans what they weren't necessarily expecting to see.
4. Domi's OT winner over the Flames
Montreal Canadiens 4, Calgary Flames 3 (OT), December 19, 2019
Max Domi's overtime winner against the Calgary Flames during a late-December Western Canadian road swing was made sweeter for two reasons. First, Domi stared down fans and subtly asked if they were entertained.
Secondly, the Habs fans in the building were raucous throughout the contest and they made themselves heard after Domi scored the game-winner.
Better yet, fans proved they could travel well throughout the road trip, resulting in an uncanny hybrid home advantage for the Habs. But Domi's goal, resulting in celebrations in enemy territory, made for one of the cooler moments of the Canadiens' season.
3. Habs come back against the Golden Knights
Montreal Canadiens 5, Vegas Golden Knights 4 (OT), October 31, 2019
It could have been over — down 4-2 with under seven minutes to play against the Vegas Golden Knights. But those dreaded two-goal leads sometimes hurt teams when they least expect it.
Tomas Tatar, a former Golden Knight, and Brendan Gallagher scored in the third period to tie the game. Domi then needed 27 seconds to score in overtime, thanks to a sweet feed from Jeff Petry (and Golden Knights forward Mark Stone failing to pick him up as he glided to the net).
An unexpected 5-4 overtime victory was among the best moments for the bleu-blanc-rouge this year.
2. Lucky Lehks leads Habs past the play-in round
Montreal Canadiens 2, Pittsburgh Penguins 0, August 7, 2020
Not many expected the Habs to play into the summer, and certainly not through a pandemic. Thanks to an Arturri Lehkonen goal in Game 4 of their play-in series against the Pittsburgh Penguins, Habs fans were treated to another round of hockey and a slightly renewed sense of optimism.
All the Canadiens were missing were fans in their own stands. Yet their play on the ice was more than enough to silence the opposing Penguins. They still had the Philadelphia Flyers waiting on the other side in their "first round" playoff series, and maybe a few fans weren't happy the Habs took themselves out of the running for the No. 1 pick in October's draft.
But a series win is a series win, as history repeated itself a decade after the Canadiens upset the Penguins in the 2010 playoffs.
1. Kovalchuk's OT winner in the Habs-Leafs rivalry
Montreal Canadiens 2, Toronto Maple Leafs 1 (OT), February 8, 2020
There was a brief moment where Habs fans wondered if the team actually had some kind of chance at making the playoffs (well before the world shut down) despite two eight-game winless streaks throughout the season.
It came as Ilya Kovalchuk provided an overtime winner in a thrilling 2-1 overtime victory over the Toronto Maple Leafs at the Bell Centre, sending fans into a frenzy. It was arguably the team's most entertaining win of the season, and it came at the expense of a longtime rival.
The Habs were on a modest three-game win streak, won nine of their last 12 games, and were a handful of points behind the Toronto Maple Leafs for third place in the Atlantic Division.
"That's a big two points for us," Kovalchuk said after the win.
It was also the peak of the Kovalchuk experience in Montreal, as fans celebrated the trigger-happy forward who picked up six goals and seven assists in his 22-game stay. As opposed to the playoffs, we, as spectators, can say that we were part of the ride.
The five most memorable Canadiens games ever played
This Habs season wasn't a total write-off and here's why
Canadiens' pipeline filling up with young talent
COVID-19: What is and isn't restricted in Montreal during red alert period
These high-end Montreal restaurants are offering top-notch takeout