Movers & shakers wanted
American Politics Faculty
Jobs & Graduate School
Washington Semester
The American Politics minor allows you to examine issues and institutions that shape the U.S. political landscape.
You can zero in on courses that interest you most, from environmental policy to mass media and politics. Our Public Affairs course work encourages you to consider responsible citizenship and how you practice it in your own life.
Through a number of real-world learning programs, we offer you the chance to experience politics firsthand and meet those who are influencing American politics today.
Our Public Affairs students have been accepted into top-rank graduate and law schools, often securing fellowships to support their studies. Many currently work in influential positions as lobbyists, lawyers, judges, professors and political advisors.
We offer a minor in American Politics.
Both sides engage during presidential candidate's visit
Republican presidential hopeful Marco Rubio holds a rally on campus, giving students a firsthand view of the political process.
From Internship to Job
Zahava Urecki '16 set her sights on a career in Washington, D.C. as an 11-year-old watching "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart" and "The Colbert Report." The shows ignited her excitement about what was going on in the world.
Fast forward to Roanoke College where she interned for U.S. Sen. Joe Manchin and lived and worked in D.C. through the College's Lutheran College Washington Semester Program. Now she wants to write legislative policy.
"I saw a lot of the behind-the-scenes people," she said of her Washington experience. "They were at the heart of everything, getting everything done. I really wanted to be a part of that."
After graduation, it was an easy transition to a job. Urecki is now a staff assistant working in Manchin's office.
Sample Course Offerings:
POLI 202: American Political Behavior
POLI 250: Public Policy
POLI 311: American Constitutional Law
"This past semester, I've participated in a Presidential Inauguration, witnessed the Senate vote for Secretary of State, and rallied at the steps of the Supreme Court in support of a landmark case for gay rights."
Evelyn Clark '15 recounting the highlights of her power-packed Washington Semester.
Washington Semester intern visits U.S. Supreme Court to honor RBG
Tatiana Cherry-Santos '21 is interning at Fellowship Square as part of the Washington Semester this fall. The news of the death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg led her to visit the court with many others to pay tribute to RBG's legacy.
Public Affairs Society Encourages Discourse, Critical Thinking
The Public Affairs Society at Roanoke College offers students the unique opportunity to encourage public discourse between the various disciplines of the public affairs department.
Live, Study and Intern in the Nation's Capital | Washington Semester Program
During the Washington Semester Program, students take two academic courses plus an internship. In recent years, Roanoke College students have interned at the White House, the U.S. Supreme Court, the State Department, the Pentagon, the ACLU, the offices of U.S. senators, and more.
The Public Affairs Society at Roanoke College offers students the unique opportunity to encourage public discourse between the various disciplines of the public affairs department, such as political science, criminal justice, and international relations. The organization aims to promote awareness, as well as participation, in public issues that affect students in any and every major on campus. It offers students the unique opportunity to encourage and partake in public discourse; something that not every club can offer.
Politically driven
A Capitol Hill internship during the Lutheran College Washington Semester program gave Maggie Anderson '13 a jump in her political career.
Anderson now is a legislative correspondent for Sen. Mark Warner, D-Va., working in the same office as her semester internship. As a Roanoke student, she immersed herself in politics. She volunteered for President Barack Obama's 2012 campaign, and she was president of the Roanoke College Democrats and the Public Affairs Society.
At Warner's Washington D.C., office, Anderson, originally from Charlottesville, Va., covers agriculture, the environment, animal welfare and other issues. "I have a deep passion for public service, especially in Virginia," she said.
Polling Political and Economic Issues | Roanoke's Institute for Policy and Opinion Research
The Institute for Policy and Opinion Research (IPOR) conducts regular surveys within the Commonwealth of Virginia. These polls focus on political, economic, and social issues of importance throughout the state. Many of these polls focus on electoral politics, but we also poll on important social issues. IPOR is the only organization measuring consumer sentiment and real estate outlook in Virginia. Those polls are conducted quarterly in November, February, May and August.
America the beautiful!
#PoliSciRC


Mobility Justice
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Extension(s) Imminent — a Reflection on Neverending Transpo Gridlock
By Ben Goldman
For the past six months, I have had the enviable task (seriously) of tracing the path of federal transportation legislation through Congress. And look how far we've come! When I first took the editor's chair in January, transportation funds were drying up, the deadline for a new bill was fast approaching, and none of the news made Congress look good. Today, essentially, nothing has changed, except everything is somehow even worse.
With the 47-member conference committee at a standstill, Senator Barbara Boxer will meet with her House counterpart and their respective bosses today to work out a deal. Don't hold your breath.
The latest update is that with only 11 calendar days and six legislative days in which to get a bill to the President, the 47 House and Senate negotiators seem as far as ever from reaching a deal. If they can't, then transportation policy will expire, the gas tax will stop being collected, the Highway Trust Fund will run out of money… Stop me if you've heard this one before.
In the past, deadlocked conferees could simply get their bosses to work out a deal, as they will try to do today, but even that seems unlikely according to The Hill:
"I think the bill's dead," a transportation industry source said to The Hill on Friday. "I don't think they can fix what they have in front of them. Kicking it up to the leadership probably gives it a chance…but every time they get to the five-yard line, they move the goal posts back."
In fact, some reports have already emerged that this afternoon's negotiations aren't about producing a bill but about determining the length of the next extension. As Todd Zwillich at Transportation Nation reports:
"Zero," said Rep. Steve LaTourette (R-OH), when asked about the chances of last-ditch conference negotiations yielding an agreement before next week. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.) is set to meet with House Speaker John Boehner (R-Ohio) at 4 PM today. Chief negotiators Sen Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.) and Rep. John Mica (R-Fla.) are also scheduled to be in on the meeting. "The purpose is to come up with a clean extension" of six months, LaTourette said in an interview.
Other members of Congress seem to be putting on slightly braver faces. Ranking House T&I Committee Democrat Nick Rahall still believes there's a 51 percent chance of a bill passing, according to Zwillich, and Minnesota Democrat Tim Walz has introduced a non-binding motion to instruct the conferees to agree on a bill by the end of the week [PDF]. Though the way things are going, he might as well be moving to tell the House to stop hitting itself.
If negotiations have indeed failed, the House has already passed an extension through September 30 which could be taken up by the Senate. However, it contains a number of things the Senate would be loath to pass, like aggressive environmental "streamlining," and at least one thing — the Keystone XL Pipeline — that has drawn a presidential veto threat. And remember that Congress is gone for the whole month of August, so a three-month extension is basically just a one-month extension likely to end in another extension.
It's easy to forget how we got here in the first place, and that the last six months represent only the latest chapter (and likely not the last) of a reauthorization saga that began in 2009. Back then, the Democrats controlled both houses of Congress and the presidency, but Obama pursued an ambitious legislative agenda — the Affordable Care Act and the Recovery Act — that pushed long-term transportation bills by the wayside. Only nobody expected it to be brushed aside nine times, with a tenth around the corner.
Along the way, the federal gas tax also expired, and got re-extended along with the transportation spending bills. Suddenly, spending and revenue had to be dealt with together, or not at all. So far, we've mostly gotten steaming piles of "not at all."
There wasn't any movement on a new bill until about a year ago, when Barbara Boxer and the Senate Environment & Public Works Committee first drew up the Making American Progress for the 21st Century Act, affectionately called "MAP-21" and functionally called "the Senate transportation bill." A far cry from then-recently-unseated Rep. James Oberstar's six-year, $500 billion proposal, EPW's bill was a two-year, $108 billion measure that tried to make some adjustments — consolidating programs and trimming bureaucracy, for example — so that later bills could focus on raising revenue.
But the House countered with a five-year, $260 billion gift card to big oil, H.R. 7. It proposed casting aside the 30-year precedent of giving a slice of gas tax revenue to transit, while also cutting healthy, popular programs that make streets work better for walking and biking, like Safe Routes to School, Recreational Trails, and Transportation Enhancements.
The Senate passed their bill 75-22. The House passed zilch.
Finally, in April, the House scraped together the aforementioned "dirty" extension in order to start the conference committee process. But even with Boxer putting on her most optimistic face, there has been alarmingly little progress. Even when Senate Democrats show a willingness to compromise, and the House Republicans show a willingness to tolerate the Senate's end-run around revenue shortfalls, something — namely, John Boehner's political need to appease the Tea Party faction of his caucus — has kept the bill from getting passed.
That something is now sitting down in a room with Boxer, Reid, and Mica, trying to work out an 11th hour deal for the umpteenth time.
Filed Under: House of Representatives, Reauthorization, U.S. Senate
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Four Big Questions about Biden's Transportation Relief
Friday's Headlines to Round it Out
Andrew Yang Throws Pedestrians Under the Bus
Will Obama and the GOP Align on Plan to Fund Transpo With Tax Reform?
By Tanya Snyder	| Feb 26, 2014
Today, both President Obama and Republican House Ways and Means Chair Dave Camp unveiled plans to pay for transportation with corporate tax reform. Few details have emerged about exactly how Camp plans to do this, but Politico has heard from Capitol Hill staffers that it would push $100 billion to $125 billion to transportation over […]
Experts Agree: Six-Year Transportation Bill Won't Pass This Year
By Tanya Snyder	| May 20, 2011
At times in this whole reauthorization process, it's been hard to see the way forward. House Republicans refuse to deficit-spend their way out of the funding conundrum, and Democrats haven't gotten behind a coherent plan to come up with more revenues, though they're still arguing for a bigger bill. Still, I've been reporting on the […]
Republicans Line Up to Oppose Obama's Transportation Proposal
By Adam Voiland	| Sep 8, 2010
The critical multi-year transportation bill, which lawmakers have sidelined since last summer as they've quarreled about how to pay for it, looks to be back on the agenda after President Obama's pugnacious Labor Day speech, in which he called on Congress to ramp up investment in transportation. The broad outline of Obama's plan calls for […]
Rumor Mill: House Leadership Hostile to Transpo Reauthorization
By Tanya Snyder	| Jun 28, 2011
A few weeks ago, House Majority Leader Eric Cantor published his list of bills the House will attempt to get through before the August recess. The transportation reauthorization was not among them. Rumor has it that House leadership has put the kibosh on Transportation Committee Chair John Mica's plans to get a bill out of […]
A Quick Guide to the State of Transpo Policy on Capitol Hill
Coming back to Streetsblog after a few months away, I needed to get up to speed on the latest with transportation-related legislation, and I thought some of you might too. Here's what you need to know: Appropriations House Republicans passed a pretty terrible Transportation and Housing and Urban Development (THUD) appropriations bill last week, decimating […]
4 Things to Know as Transportation Bill Negotiations Heat Up
By Angie Schmitt	| Feb 18, 2015
Lawmakers in Washington are just beginning their latest attempt to craft the first long-term transportation bill in roughly a decade. The current bill expires in just a few months, on May 31, but in Congress that's an eternity. While it's a long way from go time, the contours of the debate are starting to become […]
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Home » Finance » Blog » Accounting Fundamentals » Equity vs Shares
Difference Between Equity vs Shares
The equity of the company refers to Capital invested by the Owners of the Company and Profit accumulated by the company during the tenure of business which is also called Reserves and Surplus. Equity is also called the net worth of the company. In accounting language, Equity is the value of assets that are left after paying off the Liabilities. When owners of the company do not have sufficient funds, they go to the public for raising the money. The amount of money that is to be invested is divided into portions. This portion is called Share. When we go to the dictionary meaning of share, it is "have a portion of (something)" Likewise Shares of the company are a division of the capital of the company into various portions.
Equity can be written in Equation:
Equity = Assets – Liabilities
It is shown at the Liability side of the Balance sheet. And, it always carries a credit balance. At the same time, preparation of Financials Statements of Business, capital contribution by owners, and profits are written differently according to the formation of Business. If Business is in the form of Private Limited Company or Public Limited Company "Equity" is written. In the case of Partnership Firms and Proprietorships, it is written as "Capital". The Equity of the Company consists of:
Shareholder's Equity and
Reserves and Surplus (For Example, Profit and Loss Reserves, Security Premium Reserve, Capital Reserves, Retained Earnings, etc.)
Every Owner of the business invests in his company for the expansion of the business. When a company requires more for expansion, it can bring equity on its own, or it can go to the Public for raising the money. People who invest in the company become Shareholders of the company. Shareholders of the company are also called as the Owners of the company as they have invested in companies like owners. And, as owner's they share the Profit and Loss of the company also. In the balance sheet, it is written as "Shareholder's Equity".
"Reserves and Surplus" is the second component of Equity. Reserves and Surplus is profit accumulated by the business for various purposes. All profit is allocated according to specific reserves. This is used for business in the future. This is also one of the components of Equity.
If we are talking about the Equity of a Company, we are talking about the shareholders' equity and Reserves and Surplus it has. The Equity can be Positive Equity, or it can be Negative Equity. Positive Equity means a company has sufficient Assets to repay its all Liabilities. Negative Equity means a company has Liabilities more than its Assets. Whenever there is negative equity, it does not give a good sign of the company's growth.
Let's take an example for understanding; there is a Company named as ABC Limited, it needs the capital of Rs. 100 Crores for expansion. It will go to the public for raising the capital. The capital of ABC is divided into 1,000,000 shares of Rs. 1000 each amounting to Rs. 100 Crores. So, if a person wants to invest, he has bought from 1,000,000 shares at a rate of Rs. 1000 each. Let us say Mr X wants to invest Rs. 500,000/- in the company, for this he has to buy 500 shares of Rs. 1000 each. Let' say Mr. Y buy 700 shares of Rs. 1000 each which means that Mr. Y is having shares of Rs.700,000. Here, Mr. X & Mr. Y become the shareholders of the company, and they will share the Profit and Loss of the company proportionate to their holdings.
From this example, it is clear that Shares is a division of Capital. There are various types of Shares Company can issue for raising capital like Ordinary Shares, Preference Shares, Redeemable shares, non-redeemable shares, Cumulative Preference shares, etc.
Head to Head Comparison Between Equity vs Shares (Infographics)
Below is the top 6 difference between Equity vs Shares
Key Differences between Equity vs Shares
Let us discuss some of the major differences between Equity vs Shares.
Equity is Capital Invested by Owners in the Company, whereas Shares are the division of Capital or Equity.
It refers to the Value of Business as a whole, whereas Share refers to the amount of contribution in Business.
Equity of Company consists if Shareholder's Equity and Reserves and Surplus, whereas Shares consist of only Shareholder's Equity.
Equity is riskier as compared to Shares.
There are various types of Shares like Preference Shares, Redeemable Shares, Ordinary Shares, etc., whereas there is no type of Equity as such.
Equity covers Shares, whereas there is no vice-versa.
Equity can be called as Net assets of Business, whereas Shares are the only capital contribution of business.
Equity vs Shares Comparison Table
Let's look at the top 6 Comparisons between Equity vs Shares.
The Basis Of Comparison Equity Shares
Meaning Capital invested in the Business Division of Equity into portions
Types of Equity No types Various types like Ordinary Shares, Preference shares, redeemable shares etc.
Equation Equity = Assets- Liabilities Shares =(Assets-Liabilities-Reserves and Surplus) Price per share
Addition of Shareholder's Equity + Reserves and Surplus Shareholder's Equity
Scope Broader Term Narrow Term
Risk Riskier Less Risky
From the above, it can be said that Equity vs shares both has some differences. Equity is a Larger Term and shares are part of the Equity of the Company. Both Equity vs shares terms are very commonly used in Finance. It is an essential term in the Stock Market. It helps to decide the size of the business. So both the terms should not be interchanged.
This has been a guide to the top difference between Equity vs Shares. Here we also discuss the Equity vs Shares key differences with infographics and comparison table. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –
Top Differences of Stocks vs Shares
Comparison of E-Commerce vs E-Business
Data Analytics vs Business Analytics


Project Start Date
Project End Date
ICHEC Contact
Jason Flanagan, Ph.D.
Met Éireann Re-analysis
Towards a Definitive Historical High-Resolution Climate Dataset for Ireland – Promoting Climate Research in Ireland
This EPA-funded project involves promoting high-resolution gridded datasets for climate research in Ireland.
There is a constant demand from industry, research and governmental sectors for high-quality, long-term, gridded climate datasets with high spatial and temporal resolution for conducting climate research in Ireland. Such datasets have the potential to be utilised in a wide range of applications, including agricultural, hydrology, public health, energy (wind, wave and solar), socio-economic planning and fundamental studies in observed climate change trends and variability. However, with the exception of temperature and precipitation, spatially and temporally homogeneous, multi-decadal, gridded observational climate datasets are not readily available for climate research applications in Ireland. Climatologically important variables, such as wind direction, humidity, soil moisture, evapotranspiration and radiation are measured at a limited number of weather stations.
Researchers at ICHEC and Met Éireann addressed this lack of homogeneous, long-term, gridded datasets by completing the following downscaled ERAInterim high-resolution simulations:
ICHEC WRF with 2-km grid spacing
ICHEC COSMO-CLM5 with 1.5-km grid spacings
Met Éireann re-analysis (MÉRA) with 2.5-km grid spacings.
Each simulation covers the period 1981-Present and fields are archived at one-hour intervals. Table 1 provides an outline of the archived COSMO-CLM5 fields. The WRF and MÉRA archived fields are similar. Figures 1 presents preliminary validation results for rainfall.
Table 1. Archived data of the COSMO-ERAInterim simulation. With the exception of the daily data, all variables are archived at one-hour intervals.
The MÉRA simulation employed a data assimilation component which results in a more complete estimate of the atmospheric state that is both dynamically consistent and optimally close to observations. The benefit of such datasets is that they provide the best estimate of the four-dimensional atmospheric state, not only of the observed variables, but also the Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) and parameters which are not routinely monitored by observations.
Figure 1. Validations of WRF mean total winter precipitation data for the period 1982-2014; (a) Met Éireann gridded observation data, (b) WRF 2km simulation data and (c) percentage error. Overall Country Bias = -0.37%, Overall Country MAE = 5.5 %.
A key component of the current project is to promote the use of these datasets and enhance climate research in Ireland. The datasets are currently being analysed and validated with the overall aim to produce a definitive historical climate dataset for Ireland. The climate data, together with assigned uncertainty estimates, will be made publicly available so that researchers, policy makers, Irish industry and the general public can utilise the datasets according to their specific needs. In addition, it is envisaged the datasets will be used as a basis for more-focused climate impact studies with a wide range of applications such as wind farm modelling, public health and socio-economic modelling.
If you are interested in learning more about the project or obtaining datasets, please contact jason.flanagan@ichec.ie


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Colorado governor cuts 100 years off sentence for truck driver in fatal crash
by Joseph Choi - 12/30/21 8:22 PM ET
Colorado Gov. Jared Polis (D) on Thursday commuted the 110-year sentence of the truck driver involved in a crash that killed four people, calling the sentence that was handed down "highly atypical and unjust" and reducing it by 100 years.
In October, a jury found Rogel Aguilera-Mederos, 26, guilty on 27 counts relating to the incident in which his truck crashed into stopped traffic on I-70, killing four people and injuring at least 10 others. Aguilera-Mederos told the court that his brake had failed before the crash.
Aguilera-Mederos was sentenced to 110 years in prison due to mandatory minimum sentencing laws in Colorado. The sentence drew international outcry for its severity, with fellow truck drivers boycotting Colorado in protest.
As KDVR reported, Aguilera-Mederos applied for clemency from Polis, which the Colorado governor granted on Thursday, cutting his sentence down to 10 years.
"I believe you deserve clemency for several reasons," Polis wrote. "You were sentenced to 110 years in prison, effectively more than a life sentence, for a tragic but unintentional act. While you are not blameless, your sentence is disproportionate compared with many other inmates in our criminal justice system who committed intentional, premeditated, or violent crimes."
Polis stressed that the crimes Aguilera-Mederos was convicted of are "serious," but said he was "encouraged" by the "personal reflection" the defendant had done as well as "the commercial vehicle safety changes" that were made in light of the crash.
"While you have begun the process of taking accountability and recognizing the mistakes that led to this tragic event, I strongly encourage you to take additional responsibility for your actions by seeking restorative justice opportunities to address your obligations to those who suffered loss and to repair the needs of the community due to your carelessness," said Polis.
Tags Clemency Jared Polis Jared Polis Lakewood semi-truck crash Life imprisonment Rogel Aguilera-Mederos
by Rachel Scully 1 hour ago
Blog Briefing Room / 1 hour ago
by Jared Gans 1 day ago
State Watch / 1 day ago
Memphis police deactivate Scorpion unit following video release of Tyre Nichols's fatal arrest


Facebook and "Radical Transparency" (A Rant)
At SXSW, I decided to talk about privacy because I thought that it would be the most important issue of the year. I was more accurate than my wildest dreams. For the last month, I've watched as conversations about privacy went from being the topic of the tech elite to a conversation that's pervasive. The press coverage is overwhelming – filled with infographics and a concerted effort by journalists to make sense of and communicate what seems to be a moving target. I commend them for doing so.
danah boyd, privacy, Facebook, social networks, digital living
Why, despite Myself, I Am Not Leaving Facebook. Yet.
As my Facebook friends and Twitter followers know, like many others I'm angry at Facebook. I haven't written a blog post about it because so many others have been making most of my points so eloquently (forgive me for not linking to them). But I relent, and here it is anyway, in the form of responses to the criticisms of criticism that I keep hearing:
Nancy Baym, social networks, Facebook, Twitter, privacy
Why Social Sharing Is Bigger than Facebook & Twitter
Originally posted at Harvard Business Review
The digital landscape is being reshaped by the news that Facebook is opening up its social graph. Twitter, too, has made waves by acquiring companies that made third-party services for Twitter.
David Armano, social media, sharing, Twitter, Facebook
Facebook Visited Twice as Often as Google in the Workplace (and Why You Shouldn't Ban Social Media at Work)
Employees are visiting Facebook more than any other site when they are at work, and twice as often as the second most visited site, Google. Research out this week from Network Box, a Managed Security Services company, shows that visits to the social network accounted for 6.8% of all workplace traffic in Q1 2010, exactly twice the 3.4% of all traffic that went to Google.
Matt Rhodes, Facebook, social networks, social media, workplace, social media policy, employees
Facebook & Siebel: A Tale of Two Decades
Advanced technology. Ideas that promise to revolutionize the way businesses are run. Out with the old, in with the new. Not sure how it'll make any money? Mere details. Get going or risk getting left behind. Great riches will come to those with the guts to throw caution and experience to the wind.
Jonathan Salem Baskin, Facebook, Siebel, social media, CRM, technology
Thought Experiment: What if Facebook, Skype and PayPal Merged?
Many people don't know that Bostonian William Crapo (Billy) Durant founded General Motors, and if you ever go to the old General Motors Building in Detroit, you will see his initials emblazoned on the coat of arms in the eaves of the building. Durant was the visionary who crashed together the Buick, Oldsmobile, Chevrolet, and Cadillac companies, just to name a few. Due to his financial aggressiveness he controlled but then lost GM twice and it was finally taken over by Alfred Sloan, who built it into the world's most successful enterprise of its day.
John Sviokla, Facebook, Skype, PayPal, revenue, strategy
Twitter and Facebook Follow Foursquare – 2010 Is the Year of Location-based Social Media Tools
It is a truth universally acknowledged that everybody makes predictions at the end of a year about 'the big thing for next year'. Sometimes they're right and sometimes they're wrong. And sometimes you only really start to notice trends and change when you are in them. In social media it is becoming clearer and clearer that the big thing for 2010 is location-based tools.
social media tools, location based, Matt Rhodes, Foursquare, Twitter, Facebook
How the Global Fortune 100 Are Using Social Media: Some Statistics
A useful survey from global PR firm Burson-Marsteller this week looks at the ways in which the Global Fortune 100 companies are using social media. The tools they are using and how they are developing a social media strategy. The survey looked at 100 firms in the US, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America and examined how these firms are using social media.
Matt Rhodes, social media, statistics, Fortune 100, corporate blogs, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, survey
Facebook and the Myth of QWERTY's Inferiority
Writing about the impending 'technological lock-in' of the social operating system space by Facebook, Reuters in a recent article compared the site to the QWERTY keyboard layout. (Via Lies, Damned Lies and Statistics.)
Iqbal Mohammed, Facebook
Public by Default, Private when Necessary
This post was originally written for the DML Central Blog. If you're interested in Digital Media and Learning, you definitely want to check this blog out.
With Facebook systematically dismantling its revered privacy infrastructure, I think it's important to drill down on the issue of privacy as it relates to teens. There's an assumption that teens don't care about privacy but this is completely inaccurate. Teens care deeply about privacy, but their conceptualization of what this means may not make sense in a setting where privacy settings are a binary.
danah boyd, privacy, teens, Facebook, privacy policies, exposure


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AFIG Fund II LP
West Africa,Africa Financial services, Food and agriculture
Advanced Finance and Investment Group (AFIG) is an investment manager that specialises in buyouts, growth investments, and expansion capital in mid-market companies in Central and West Africa.
The Senegal-based firm was established in 2005.
The AFIG Fund II aims to invest in small and mid-sized enterprises (SMEs) in sub-Saharan Africa which operate in the agribusiness, manufacturing, energy, food and beverages, healthcare, and financial services sectors.
In 2016, CDC invested $20 million into AFIG II, alongside the EIB, the African Development Bank, and other European DFIs including Germany's DEG and Sweden's SwedFund. The fund targets investments of between $5 million to $20 million and the fund manager is aiming for a total fund size of $170 million. Our investment provides growth capital to support the sustainable expansion of small firms in Central, East and West African countries.
SMEs in sub-Saharan Africa often struggle to access affordable finance, and sometimes lack the strategic expertise that will help them scale up and expand beyond their local markets.
Our investment enables the fund manager to continue the strategy of its predecessor, the Atlantic Coast Regional Fund, to invest in African entrepreneurs and fast-growth firms that have the potential to become regional 'blue chips'.
In addition to much-needed growth capital, the fund manager provides managerial, technical and operational know-how to portfolio companies, driving business growth, job creation and regional integration.
The fund has invested in First Atlantic Bank, Ghana.
Environmental and social aspects
We worked closely with the fund manager to develop and implement an Environmental and Social Management System (ESMS).
Since 2012, we've only invested in Africa and South Asia. Investments outside these regions are from our pre-2012 portfolio.
Africa, West Africa
For funds, the countries listed here are those the fund has invested in so far.
Cape Verde, Ghana
We have seven priority sectors. However, we continue to invest outside these sectors, largely in the most challenging regions, as new investment supporting any sector helps to underpin the private sector, and create jobs and livelihoods for people. For funds, the sectors listed here are those the fund has invested in so far.
Financial services, Food and agriculture
http://www.afigfunds.com/
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Tecnicil Industria
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Cape Verde Africa, West Africa Food and agriculture April 2017 Active
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NEM Insurance plc
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Freedom of Information and Data Privacy
Complaints and Whistleblowing


Holiday pay on dismissal
Automatic unfair dismissal
Assessing the fairness of a dismissal
In some cases a dismissal will be treated as unfair by establishing a link between the dismissal and specific behaviour by the employee. It usually applies where the law is protecting an employee from applying their employment rights.
The normal period of qualifying service is not required for a claim of automatic unfair dismissal.
There is now a long list of protections for automatic unfair dismissal:
related to pregnancy, childbirth, maternity leave, parental leave or taking time off (as defined in s57A ERA 1996) to care for dependants.
related to health and safety matters falling within s100 ERA 1996.
Related to the assertion of statutory rights as set out in s104 ERA 1996 (including the right not to have deductions made from wages)
related to the enforcement of the Working Time Regulations as set out in s101A ERA 1996.
related to "whistle blowing" by the employee (s103A ERA 1996)
related to national minimum wage claims falling within s104A ERA.
Dismissals of occupational pension scheme trustees falling within s102 ERA 1996.
Dismissals of certain employee representatives (e.g. those elected for consultation about mass redundancies) falling within s103 ERA 1996.
dismissal of certain shop and betting workers who refuse to work on Sundays, as set out in s101 ERA 1996.
related to trade union activities and membership (as defined in s152 of the TULRCA 1992).
Dismissals relating to the claiming of tax credits as set out in s104B ERA 1996.
Dismissals arising out of suspension on medical grounds as defined in s64(2) ERA 1996– the qualifying period here is one month.
Dismissal (in defined circumstances) while taking part in official industrial action: s238A TULRCA 1992
Dismissals where the worker exercised, or sought to exercise, the right to be accompanied (or accompanied another worker) under Sec.10 ERA 1999.
Dismissals of part-time workers under s108(i) ERA 1996
Note- a selection for redundancy based on the above exceptions is automatically unfair and also requires no qualifying period.
Note – although a dismissal related to a business transfer is automatically unfair, one years' qualifying service is still required.


September 15, 2021 by Sofía Godoy Alonso Curated Lists 0 comments
6 Cristina Garcia Books You Should Read To Fast-Track Your Spanish
Cristina Garcia is a novelist and journalist from Cuba. She's known for creating highly memorable and captivating novels focused on the stories of Cuban society and its immigrants in the United States.
Join me in this insightful blog post where I examine the 6 Books By Cristina Garcia you need to read to fast-track your Spanish.
Spanish Literature Improves Language Skills
Improving as a Spanish student requires you to get your hands on some of the best-selling Spanish literature. Whether you're into novels, science fiction, or short stories, reading in another language transforms your capacity to fully grasp it.
When you read Spanish literature, you find an alternative for motivating yourself. It gives you superior comprehension of Spanish grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary. It also enables you to improve your reading, listening, writing, and Spanish-speaking skills.
Books allow readers to get familiarized with complex plots and their contextualization in Spanish. Their narratives are compelling and insightful.
As a reader, you come close to tales that embody social factors such as culture, lifestyle, and idiomatic expressions. You expand your vocabulary to a whole new level and discover new expressions.
Spanish literature strengthens your critical thinking skills and your capacity of analyzings situations in another language.
By choosing the right Spanish book, you find yourself immersed in the language and grow the confidence to use it naturally in your day to day.
If you're an intermediate or advanced Spanish learner, novels by Cristina Garcia are an excellent option for you to cultivate productive reading habits for fast-tracking your Spanish.
Short Biography of Cristina Garcia
Cristina García © Slowking4/Wikimedia Commons
Cristina Garcia was born in Havana, Cuba on July 4th, 1958. Her mother was Cuban and her father was Guatemalan.
The author's family was forced to leave Cuba in the early 1960s after President Fidel Castro took over office. They established themselves in the United States and started a life in New York when Cristina was only three years old.
Cristina spent her childhood growing up between Queens, Brooklyn Heights, and Manhattan. She grew up listening to stories about life in Cuba. Her upbringing brought her close to her roots and gave her a strong sense of pride in her heritage.
Cristina Garcia has a Bachelor's Degree in Political Science at Barnard College and a Master's Degree in International Relations from John Hopkins University. From a very young age, the author displayed a great interest in literature and journalism.
While she attended John Hopkins she got a part-time job at the New York Times that gave her a taste of what a career in journalism would be. She also interned for The Boston Globe and worked in Time Magazine in the 1980s.
She retired in 1990 to become a full-time fiction author. She hopes that her novels are a way of showing Cuba to the world through memories, fantasy, and rituals from her Cuban heritage. Her novels often express a sense of difficulty relating to other Cuban Americans due to the lack of engagement she's had in anti-Castro activism.
Cristina Garcia's powerful writing skills make her one of the best representatives of Cuban literature. She currently lives in Napa with her family.
Top 6 Cristina Garcia Books For Spanish Learners
1. Bordering Fires (Voces sin fronteras)
Voces sin fronteras | © Amazon
Voces sin fronteras was published in 2006.
The anthology book is a collection of essays, poetry, and science fiction focused on Chicano and Mexican voices. It offers impressive perspectives of bicultural experiences and features the voices of Cristina Garcia and several authors, including Alfonso Reyes, Juan Rulfo, and Sandra Cisneros.
The book sparks a cross-cultural conversation that shows what life is across and beyond the United States Southern border. You can read it in no specific order as all the stories are different from each other. It's a fantastic book to read to understand what life is for the Mexican diaspora in the United States and for those that remain in Mexico.
Links to the Book
2. Dreaming In Cuban (Soñar en Cubano)
Soñar en Cubano | © Amazon
Soñar en Cubano is an emotional novel published in 1992 by novelist Cristina Garcia.
The main character, Celia del Pino, falls in love with a Spanish guitar player who's visiting Cuba. Her love interest invites her to follow him to Spain, however she stays in Cuba and her travel plans are ruined by political turmoil.
Instead, Celia marries Jorge del Pino and they have three children together. The novel focuses on the family members' lives from the 1930s to the 1980s.
Celia continues to think about her lost love for the next 25 years. This becomes more evident as she shows a certain reluctance to loving her family and continues to write love letters to her Spanish crush.
Cristina Garcia tells the story from different perspectives in the Del Pino family. The novel highlights how the family endures the 1959 Cuban revolution without going into exile. This decision is made based on a prediction from a Santera (Santería priestess) that Celia is meant to spend her whole life in Cuba.
The plot is bittersweet but stays true to the author's style. Cristina Garcia includes touches of magical realism. The book has strong female leads and has parts written that simulate letters.
The book is considered one of Cristina Garcia's masterpieces. It led her to become a finalist for the National Book Award.
Spanish audiobook
Discover magical realism literary gems in this article about The Magical World of Isabel Allende.
3. The Agüero Sisters (Las hermanas Agüero)
Las hermanas Agüero | © Amazon
Las hermanas Agüero was published by Cristina Garcia in 1998.
The novel focuses on Reina and Constancia Agüero, two sisters from Cuba who've been distanced and estranged for 30 years.
The book is told from the sisters' perspectives and often transfers the narrative to their parents and respective daughters. It's a story about womanhood that goes through the Cuban revolution and relocation process to Miami that many Cubans experienced at the time. Each character is unique and relatable.
The change of voices in the narrative allows the reader to form a full picture of the sisters' life. This novel also has hints of magical realism and strong female leads, both traits signature to Cristina Garcia's style.
4. Monkey Hunting (El cazador de monos)
El cazador de monos | © Amazon
El cazador de monos is a novel published in 2008 by author Cristina Garcia.
The novel follows the story of an intrepid family man named Chen Pan. He's from China and migrates to Cuba in the 1800s seeking a better life. Tricked by the supposed employer, Chen Pan finds himself enslaved in a sugar cane plantation upon arrival.
The main themes of the book are imigration and identity. Throughout his story, Chen Pan starts a family and faces a fair share of hardships as they embrace their Chinese-Cuban heritage.
The book has chapters specialized to the stories of specific characters. It's insightful and shares a perspective of Cuba's history and cultural melting pot.
English audiobook
5. A Handbook to Luck (Las caras de la suerte)
Las caras de la suerte | © Amazon
Las caras de la suerte is a coming of age story focused on three teenagers in different corners of the world in the 1960s. The different cultures and nationalities play a key role in each of the relatable characters and how they define their paths.
It's a hard novel to put down as you are captivated with the journey of the characters as they reach adulthood and encounter each other. The book uses simple, emotional, wise, and joyful language.
Explore other coming of age pieces of Spanish literature in this list of Books and Poems by Julia Alvarez.
6. Cubanísimo! The Vintage Book of Contemporary Literature (¡Cubanísimo! Una antología de la literatura cubana contemporánea)
Cubanisimo! The Vintage Book of Contemporary Literature | © Amazon
¡Cubanísimo! Una antología de la literatura cubana contemporánea is a collection of 100% Cuban original stories, novel fragments, poems, and essays.
The book is packed with Cuban rhythm and art. Cristina Garcia created a one volume space where Cuban identity and tradition converge in different time periods and places. Each chapter pays homage to a Cuban dance style and has undeniable flavor.
The novel is a rich representation of Cuban voices and different styled narratives. Cristina Garcia praises it on her website as a "celebration of Cuban culture."
Read and Speak Spanish With Confidence
This list of Cristina Garcia books is a fantastic starting point for your new habit of reading Spanish literature. Spanish literature reinforces your critical thinking and extends your vocabulary. It also empowers you to have meaningful conversations in Spanish.
Another excellent way of enhancing your fluency is conversing with a native speaker. You pick up on pronunciation and your listening skills expand. Join a free class with our certified teachers from Guatemala and prepare to explore more Spanish literary gems.
Sofía Godoy Alonso
Native speaker of English and Spanish, I'm a sustainable travel and social impact entrepreneur who loves going to new places and meeting people from different cultures and backgrounds. I love spending time with my family and being outdoors with my dogs. Writing, communicating, and creating are my passions. I strongly believe there are more creative ways to solve the issues our world is facing and I like doing my part in any way I can.
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Table Tennis: Delight for sisters
Two of Ormesby Table Tennis Club's leading cadet girls, won their first national medals at the English Under 13 Championships in King's Lynn.
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Two of Ormesby Table Tennis Club's leading cadet girls, Karina and Katherine Lefevre, won their first national medals at the English Under 13 Championships in King's Lynn.
They finished runners-up in the girls' doubles final.
From an unseeded position, Karina and Katherine beat the fourth seeds, Charlotte Airey and Dominique Jones of Lincolnshire, in the quarter-finals.
Then they overcame the second seeds, Sarah Russo of Sussex and Melissa Wright of South Yorkshire, in the semi-finals, before losing to the top seeds, Mary Fuller of Yorkshire and Martha Travis of Cornwall, in the final.
In the Under 12 girls' singles, Karina reached the semi-finals before losing to top seed Martha Travis.
In the Under 13 girls' singles, Karina defeated top seed Mary Fuller in the second round before losing to Hayley Potts of Herefordshire in the quarter-finals.
Middlesbrough FCBoost for Middlesbrough as Blackburn star man Ben Brereton Diaz is confirmed to miss Monday's clashBen Brereton Diaz has been the key player for Tony Mowbray's side in their incredible rise up the table
Marcus Tavernier's Middlesbrough importance should not be underestimated
Marcus TavernierPerhaps more than any current player, Marcus Tavernier divides opinion


Earthquake in Ecuador: death toll remains at 659
Image: Ecuavisa
The death toll from the earthquake last Saturday 16 April 2016, death toll remains at 659, according to the report of the Secretariat of Risk Management.
The number of people assisted amounts to 30,073, the institution reported Thursday night April 28, 2016.
There are 33 missing people and 113 people rescued alive.
Source: http://www.ecuavisa.com/articulo/terremoto/noticias/150156-terremoto-ecuador-se-mantiene-659-cifra-fallecidos
Credit and debt moratorium to reactivate areas affected by the earthquake
Shrimp affected by earthquake reach 70%


Looking & Finding
Buying a Spanish home
Building a Home in Spain
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Category: Show me Spain
De culturen, talen, landschappen en klimaten van het Koninkrijk Spanje
The best winter sports areas of Spain
When it comes to winter sports, many people think of places like France and Austria, but also in sunny Spain you can ski and snowboard well. The Spanish Pyrenees offers you no less than...
Show me Spain / Living in Spain
Spanish Christmas traditions
Even in the winter months, a visit to the Costa del Sol is anything but boring. Thanks to its favorable climate you will experience sunny holidays here. The Christmas days on the Costa del...
Nueva Andalucía in a nutshell
Within walking distance to the famous Puerto Banús and a 10-minute drive from Marbella, you will find Nueva Andalucía. Ideal for those who want to live close to the beaches, nightlife and amenities of...
Show me Spain / Moving to Spain / Living in Spain
Málaga: the best city in Spain to live in
Research by the European Commission confirms that Málaga is good living. This sunny city is one of the best places to live in terms of quality of life. According to the EC, Málaga is...
Spanish real estate market developments
The Coronavirus has made people more aware of the value of their home. Millions of people around the world are being forced (again) to stay indoors. This brings the value of 'home sweet home'...
Well-known seaside resorts on the Costa del Sol
One of the most popular regions in Spain is the Costa del Sol. You have no less than 320 days of sunshine a year, making this a wonderful destination almost all year round. In...
Buying a Spanish home / Show me Spain / Living in Spain
Fuengirola, originally a fishing village
Fuengirola is one of the many and popular coastal towns on the Costa del Sol. This city is best known for its long sandy beaches. But also for the apartments with beautiful views of...
Do you have found your dream home in Spain and are you considering moving to Spain permanently? In this blog you will read relevant information about obtaining the Spanish nationality, the requirements you must...
Show me Spain / Living in Spain / Looking & Finding
New tourist villages in Andalusia
The Spanish autonomous community of Andalusia (the Junta de Andalucía) has added six new villages to the list of 'Tourist Interesting Villages' (or: 'Municipios de Interés Turístico'). Before the summer, in addition to the...
The less famous east side of Málaga
When you hear the word "Costa del Sol", you immediately think of large cities such as Marbella and Málaga. But also to seaside resorts such as Estepona, Mijas and Torremolinos. The region has been...
Buying a Spanish home / Looking & Finding
Purchasing a Property in Spain – The Asking price
Purchasing a Property in Spain – The Buying Process
Buying a Spanish home / Living in Spain / Looking & Finding
Purchasing a Property in Spain – The Location
Purchasing a Property in Spain – The Spanish Broker
Owners association – Comunidad de Propietarios
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Coney Island Boardwalk Table
Get yourself a table made of wood from the Coney Boardwalk.
The pieces interpret the architecture of the desolate dreamscape: low-rise buildings patched with signs and seasonal layers of paint, beneath the towering old-fashioned rollercoaster.
$14,000 is reasonable, right?
No way that's from Coney's Boardwalk. It's far too clean. :)
If the original wood is reused, are the tables considered relocated smaller versions of the Coney Island Boardwalk?
What a rip off. It's not even made with new materials.
^^ I think that means it counts as a new credit. You know, for boardwalk enthusiasts.


Keep trust in air travel: Emirates to operate special flight marking UAE vaccination milestone
Emirates is showcasing the UAE's remarkable progress in its vaccination programme with a special flight that will carry only fully vaccinated crew and passengers onboard.
On 10 April 2021, special flight EK2021 will depart Dubai International Airport at 12:00hrs local time, to cruise over various areas across the UAE. The flight will return to Dubai at 14:30hrs local time.
The one-off flight EK2021 is a unique event that not only celebrates the success of the UAE's vaccination programme to date, but also highlights Emirates' progress in vaccinating its staff and in particular its pilots and cabin crew.
Aviation has been and continues to be an irreplaceable force for good, connecting people and cities, facilitating important trade flows and passenger journeys that bring economic prosperity and joy to millions of people.
Passengers will have the opportunity to experience Emirates' newest A380 aircraft which features the airline's brand-new Premium Economy seats, and refreshed cabin interiors across all cabin classes.
The Emirates A380 remains a customer favourite for its unmatched comfort and spaciousness. From the award-winning ice inflight entertainment experience, to the iconic A380 Onboard Lounge service for Business and First Class passengers, from a full-course gourmet meal in all classes to the friendly Emirates cabin crew, flyers can expect the full Emirates experience onboard this special flight.
Passengers travelling on EK2021 will be able to experience all of Dubai International Airport's services and amenities on the ground before boarding.
In addition, customers can also try out first-hand, all the latest measures to help travellers enjoy a safe and smooth journey, including the new biometric and contactless technology which Emirates has recently implemented at the check-in areas and boarding gates at Dubai airport.
This month, Airbus has launched a travel companion app called "Tripset". The application aggregates and provides flight and travel information to ease and restore passenger's trust in their end-to-end journey when traveling by air during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tripset allows for passengers to be informed with the latest and most relevant travel conditions, restrictions and health requirements in place, without having to consult a variety of sources.
The UAE is one of world's leading countries in administered vaccinations for citizens and residents, and has made four COVID-19 vaccines available for free to everyone. To date, over 8 million vaccine shots have been administered in the UAE, protecting over half of the UAE's population.
The Emirates Group has supported the national vaccination programme by making COVID-19 vaccines readily available to its UAE-based workforce at multiple locations within the company's premises. To date, over 35,000 Emirates employees have received their COVID-19 vaccine shot from one of the company's vaccination centres, with over 85% of the airline's pilots and cabin crew already receiving two doses of the vaccine.
Special flight details
Tickets for flight EK2021 will be available to UAE citizens and residents who have completed the two week period after their second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. Tickets can be purchased from the Emirates contact centre, Emirates sales offices in the UAE, as well as local travel agents.
Tickets are priced at AED 1,000 per person in Economy, and AED 2,000 in Business Class. Customers can visit https://www.emirates.com/ae/english/about-us/get-on-board-ek2021/ for more information about the flight and to check the special terms and conditions.
All fares collected for this special flight EK2021 will be donated to the Emirates Airline Foundation, the airline's non-profit charity organisation which supports projects around the world aimed at improving quality of life for disadvantaged children.
As with any regular flight, customers for special flight EK2021 will be expected to arrive at check-in with their flight ticket, from 3 hours before flight departure. They will be required to bring their UAE ID or passports, as well as vaccination certificate.
All customers travelling on EK2021 will be provided pre-departure rapid Covid-19 testing, free of charge. In accordance with precautionary measures, customers must observe physical distancing protocols and wear their masks throughout the journey.
Storylines Answers How Do We Cruise Now?
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U.S. Bans Travel from Europe for 30-Days


Wilson, Richard G.
Rank and organization: Private First Class, U.S. Army, Co. 1, Medical Company, 187th Airborne Infantry Regiment. Place and date: Opari, Korea, 21 October 1950. Entered service at: Cape Girardeau Mo. Born: 19 August 1931, Marion, Ill. G.O. No.: 64, 2 August 1951.
Citation... Pfc. Wilson distinguished himself by conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action. As medical aid man attached to Company I, he accompanied the unit during a reconnaissance in force through the hilly country near Opari. The main body of the company was passing through a narrow valley flanked on 3 sides by high hills when the enemy laid down a barrage of mortar, automatic-weapons and small-arms fire. The company suffered a large number of casualties from the intense hostile fire while fighting its way out of the ambush.
Pfc. Wilson proceeded at once to move among the wounded and administered aid to them oblivious of the danger to himself, constantly exposing himself to hostile fire. The company commander ordered a withdrawal as the enemy threatened to encircle and isolate the company. As his unit withdrew Private Wilson assisted wounded men to safety and assured himself that none were left behind. After the company had pulled back he learned that a comrade previously thought dead had been seen to be moving and attempting to crawl to safety. Despite the protests of his comrades, unarmed and facing a merciless enemy, Pfc. Wilson returned to the dangerous position in search of his comrade. Two days later a patrol found him lying beside the man he returned to aid. He had been shot several times while trying to shield and administer aid to the wounded man. Pfc. Wilson's superb personal bravery, consummate courage and willing self-sacrifice for his comrades reflect untold glory upon himself and uphold the esteemed traditions of the military service.


Viewing Room
0 items €
Simon Fujiwara
August 31, 2019 – February 2, 2020
Joanne, 2016/2018
Three free-standing aluminium-clad structures: one with in-built LED monitors screening video (duration 12:06 min) and digital print, two lightboxes with digital prints on foil.
Exhibition view: Joanne, ARKEN Museum of Modern Art, Ishøj, 2019
Photo © David Stjernholm
Joanne, 2016/2018 (detail)
ARKEN Museum of Modern Art, Ishøj
Over the past decade, Simon Fujiwara has become known for his staging of large, complex exhibitions that explore the deeply rooted mechanisms of identity construction for both individuals and societies. From August 31 2019 his thought-provoking work Joanne is on view for the first time in Denmark at ARKEN Museum of Modern Art.
Presented as film and image environment, Joanne depicts the many faces of Joanne Salley, Simon Fujiwara's former secondary school teacher. Winner of the 1998 Miss Northern Ireland beauty pageant, artist, teacher and champion boxer, Joanne Salley had a formative influence on Fujiwara as a scholarship student at the prestigious Harrow School for boys in Britain. Several years later, she became the victim of a tabloid newspaper scandal after students discovered and circulated topless photographs of her that had been taken privately. The ongoing media campaign that followed destroyed her career and public image.
In 2016, Fujiwara and Salley embarked on the production of a short film that aimed, through the use of advertising and marketing techniques, to restore her image.
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原著論文
Space exposure of amino acids and their precursors in the Tanpopo mission using the International Space Station 利用統計を見る
Kobayashi Kensei
Mita Hajime
Yabuta Hikaru
Nakagawa Kazumichi
Kawamoto Yukinori
Kaneko Takeo
Obayashi Yumiko
Kanda Kazuhiro
Yoshida Satoshi
Issay Narumi
Imai Eiichi
Hashimoto Hirofumi
Yokobori Shin-ichi
Yamagishi Akihiko
WG Tanpopo
A wide variety of organic compounds have been found in space, and their relevance to the origin of life is discussed. Interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) are most promising carriers of extraterrestrial organic compounds, but presence of bioorganic compounds are controversial since they are so small and were collected in the terrestrial biosphere. In addition, IDPs are directly exposed to cosmic and solar radiation. Thus, it is important to evaluate the stability of organics in IDPs in space environment. We are planning a novel astrobiology mission named Tanpopo by utilizing the Exposed Facility of Japan Experimental Module (JEM/EF) of the International Space Station (ISS). Two types of experiments will be done: Capture experiments and exposure experiments. In the exposure experiments, organics and microbes will be exposed to the space environments to examine possible alteration of organic compounds and survivability of microbes. Selected targets for the exposure experiments of organic compounds are as follows: Amino acids (glycine and isovaline), their possible precursors (hydantoin and 5-ethyl-5-methyl hydantoin) and complex precursors "CAW" synthesized from a mixture of carbon monoxide, ammonia and water by proton irradiation. In addition to them, powder of the Murchison meteorite will be exposed to examine possible alteration of meteoritic organics in space. We will show the results of preparatory experiments on ground by using a UV lamp, a 60Co source, synchrotron facilities, and a heavy ion irradiation facility.
Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Aerospace Technology Japan
Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences
http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/tastj.12.Pp_1


Kedrowski recounts deadly Mount Everest earthquake
Randy Wyrick
rwyrick@vaildaily.com
An earthquake-triggered avalanche leveled parts of Mount Everest Base Camp, killing at least 17 and injuring more than 60. Vail Valley native Jon Kedrowski was one eight Colorado climbers on Everest when the devastation his. They're all safe.
Jon Kedrowski|Special to the Daily |
VAIL — Dr. Jon Kedrowski was relaxing at Mount Everest Base Camp, but he found himself 200 yards above death's door when Saturday's earthquake hit.
Kedrowski's reaction? He released his inner scientist.
Kedrowski earned his Ph.D. in geography and when the earthquake started shaking the world's tallest mountain, he flew out of his tent. He's a curious guy, and he figured if he lived through this he'd never see anything like it again.
"Because of the geographer/scientist in me, I was fascinated by the earthquake," Kedrowski said. "To stand on that glacier and see it all was crazy."
"The idea of danger didn't kick in until the wind and snow started to roll," he said.
When the 7.9-magnitude earthquake quit, a huge chunk of ice blew off and fell.
"The pressure from all that air had to go somewhere, and it blew over base camp like a hurricane," Kedrowski said
"The major event wasn't snow — it was wind," Kedrowski said.
He summited Everest in 2012 and was headed up Lhotse, a neighboring peak, to ski down.
All eight are safe
Kedrowski, an Eagle Valley High School grad, was one of eight Colorado climbers on Everest when the devastation occurred. The others are author Jim Davidson, Alan Arnette, Charley Mace, Ryan Waters, Matt Moniz, Kim Hess and Dave Elmore.
They're all safe.
Davidson, Arnette and Mace are at camps above the Khumbu Icefall, where the route over the glacier was destroyed.
"It was better that they were up there instead of base camp. Their camps were completely destroyed. When they came down they could see that if they'd been there, they might be among the casualties," Kedrowski said.
Still trying to help
He's fine, Kedrowski said, and remains on Everest to help anyone he can. Base Camp is about 70 percent abandoned, he said. The 30 percent remaining are trying to do everything they can.
"It's been great to see the climbing community band together. It speaks highly about the character of the community," Kedrowski said.
Kedrowski spent Sunday and part of Monday in base camp phoning family and friends, reassuring them he's safe.
He's headed down and will try to catch a flight out of Kathmandu as soon as he can.
The latest reports put the Everest death toll at 17 dead and climbing, with 60 injured, making it the deadliest day in Everest history.
Across the Nepal, more than 4,000 are dead and villages are pleading for any kind of help.
Two of Everest's deadliest days
Kedrowski has now been on Everest for two of the mountain's four deadliest days.
He was near the summit in 2012 when a killer storm surprised everyone and left seven people dead.
Last April, 16 Sherpa guides died in an ice fall on Everest.
This was nothing like that.
"A mountaineering tragedy, especially under those conditions, is something that you always understand could happen," Kedrowski said.
Base camp, though, is supposed to be a safe refuge.
"You think you're safe. The base camp has never been impacted. To be hit like this in a place considered safe is unsettling," he said.
Still …
"I go on these expeditions because they're exciting," Kedrowski said.
He has camped atop all of Colorado 14ers and skied down the tallest volcanoes in the U.S.
This year's Everest climbing season is closed. Kedrowski says he's happy to be alive and uninjured but a little disappointed that he won't be skiing Lhotse.
He may try Everest again. Or maybe not.
"I'd never say never, but maybe I'll focus on some other mountains for a while," he said.
Staff Writer Randy Wyrick can be reached at 970-748-2935 and rwyrick@vaildaily.com.
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THE APPLE WATCH: THE PATH TO A 1$ TRILLION VALUATION IS PAVED WITH GOLD
Apple Inc.; Market Cap. (as of 13/03/2015): $719.88bn
A Record Company
Apple is a company of excesses. With fiscal reports exceeding even bullish estimates more often than not, the Cupertino-based company has become synonymous with exuberance. In its most recent quarterly earnings, Apple reported $18bn of net profit, setting a historical record. Sales of the iPhone, which barely consisted of 1.4m units in the year of its launch, also hit a record, totaling 74.5m in the last three months of 2014. Apple broke yet another ceiling last November with its market valuation reaching $700bn. Not surprisingly, that staggering figure has since been eclipsed as the company's valuation headed for new horizons.
There has certainly been no shortage of controversy surrounding the world's largest market valuation, whose bewildering heights have brought many to conclude that it has been driven by what Keynes famously described as "animal spirits". Others, including famed investor Carl Icahn, have come to a different conclusion, claiming Apple is actually undervalued with cautious markets fearing those very same spirits. In a letter to his Twitter followers in February, Icahn argued that Apple was selling at a "totally irrational" discount to the market with its share price trading below the S&P 500's 17x expected earnings. Because of strong growth and what he called "a peerless innovation track record", Icahn claimed Apple should be earning a premium to the market. He has since been joined by a cohort of analysts forecasting not only a rising share price but an impending valuation of $1 trillion. Whether arriving to the $1 trillion benchmark is a possibility, and if so with what speed and timing is difficult to say. With the launch of the Apple Watch, however, the company seems to be taking strides in the right direction.
The Apple Watch
Much like the Mac, the iPod and the now prevalent iPhone, have marked Apple's past ascent, the company's new flagship product, the Apple Watch, will certainly mark the company's future. Seen as a break with Apple's tradition of introducing technology, which simplifies and unites functionalities, the Apple Watch is an addition without much simplification. As such it has been highly contested, attracting a great deal of predictions of its impending doom. But precisely because of the backlash, the watch has obtained the quintessential Apple feel, that of bold innovation which we are prone to develop a strong fondness for, regardless of whether we really need it or not.
The launch of the Apple Watch represents the company's push into wearable technology, hailed by many as a revolutionary direction the industry is headed towards. The watch is thus a pioneer move for Apple but unlike its previous star products, it is unique because of its apparent lack of utility. Aside from introducing a handful of touch-technology gimmicks and solving the issue of taking out our phones from our pockets to receive notifications, the Apple Watch does not do much. It is rather an extension of the iPhone and it is intended to be used as its complement and in no way as its replacement.
What is striking is the unorthodox strategy the company is implementing for its launch. The watch will be sold in three collections: the Apple Watch Sport, the Apple Watch and the Apple Watch Edition, all of which will offer 38mm and 42mm sizes as well as a range of options for customization. The watch is after all, according to Apple the "most personal product" they have ever made. With a price range from $349 to a staggering $17,000, it also targets the most wide-ranging customer base. The Apple Watch Sport and the Apple Watch boast premium prices from $349 to $1099 and cater to Apple's traditional consumer base. On the other hand, the Apple Watch Edition targets a very different buyer and shows the Cupertino giant is venturing into luxury. Starting at $10,000, the Edition is made of compressed 18-karat gold and may go for as much as $17,000.
Potential Revenues
With regards to the success of the watch, we present our estimation of the Apple Watch sales for 2015 after its planned launch in April, taking owners of iPhones which are compatible with the watch as the target consumers. We estimate the demand for the two main lines of the watch among different age groups and calculate the revenue stream. Finally, we project the revenue for the third, most expensive "Edition" line of the watch separately. As a sanity check we use global sales of Swiss watches and sales of smartwatches by Apple's competitors.
To begin with, we estimate the current number of active iPhone users as 480m. That is about 70% of the cumulative number of iPhones to be sold after Q3 2015 (about 680mn) and is in line with the ratio of active iPhone users to the cumulative number of devices sold in December 2013. Next, we multiply the 480m by 80%, which is the estimated percentage of iPhones compatible with the new Apple Watch, obtaining the potential overall market size for the Apple Watch of roughly 390m users. Taking into account the age distribution of iPhone users, we estimate the market share the Apple Watch can potentially gain in the first year in each age segment of customers.
(Our assumptions are in italics)
Age groups 0-21 22-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61+
iPhone market share 20% 45% 26% 13% 6% 5% 100%
Predicted AW penetration (optimistic estimate) 3% 4% 4% 2% 1% 0%
Percentage of total potential users' base 0.60% 1.80% 1.04% 0.26% 0.06% 0.00% 3.76%
Number of AW sold (m) 2.34 7.02 4.06 1.01 0.23 0 14.7
Assuming the average prices for the "Watch" and "Sport" editions to be in the middle of their respective price ranges, and assuming a constant product mix across age brackets of 70% for the Apple Watch and 30% for the Sport, , we reach an average price of 70% * $370 + 30% * $800 = $500. Given the projected number of users, the two main lines are projected to generate $500 * 14.7m users = $7.35bn of revenue in the first year of the launch.
To estimate revenue from the exclusive Edition line, we assume that the potential customers will include only the heads of households with annual income of over $250,000 that constitute 2% of households. Dividing by the average family size of 2.5 we get 0.8% of potential customers for the "Edition" line. Assuming that an average purchase of an expensive watch takes place once in 5 years and that only 1 in 5 of those customers would decide to buy the Apple Watch, we estimate that only 0.03% of the overall customer base will buy the most expensive watch line. With an average price of $14,000, this would result in a revenue stream of 0.03% * 390m * $14,000 = 1.3m users * $14,000 = $1.64bn revenue. We assume that only 1 in 5 potential buyers of expensive watches will go with the Apple product for the reason that although the 18k gold Apple Watch is priced at around 50% of its Swiss counterparts, it cannot be treated as a long-term investment because of the speed with which technology becomes obsolete.
Overall, we end up with an optimistic estimate of 16m users for all Apple Watches in the first year and an overall revenue potential of $9bn.
Considering other existing predictions ranging from as low as 7m to over 30m of units sold for this year, our estimation seems reasonable and fits in the lower part of the range. With 16m Apple watches sold, Apple would dominate the current smartwatch market, which registered only 4m users in 2014. Compared to the market for Swiss watches, which totals $25bn annually, our $9bn prediction seems very high. However, acknowledging past instances where Apple had entirely changed the markets it entered, our estimation might not be a far-reaching one.
Given Apple's immense efforts in development and marketing as well as the fanfare surrounding the launch, the Apple Watch is well on its way to becoming the new big thing in technology. Aside from its lack of immensely useful services and some design perks, what makes the Apple Watch truly different is its golden appeal. And while a $17,000 price tag may be an excess by even Apple's standards, the company's push into luxury with the Edition collection can be seen as a hedge for the launch of a product which serves little purpose and offers little else than convenience. The watch's price tag and its luxury appeal may attract the high-end consumer thus strengthening the Apple brand while helping to market the rest of the line in making the watches at the lower end look like a bargain. The golden watch may also be a part of a wider strategy, aimed at increasing prices and testing the customer's willingness to pay more than premium prices for Apple products. After all, bridging the almost $300bn gap standing before the $1 trillion valuation is more easily done with gold.
Categories:	Corporate Finance
Tags: 1 trillionactive usersappleApple Inc.Apple productsApple WatchApple watch editionApple watch sportAWgoldgolden watchiphoneLuxurymarket analysissmartwatchSwiss watchvaluationwatchwatch market


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CONTINUING TO RE-VISIT THE ORIGINAL VALUES of the MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR® as we live in these times of change/transformation
During 2021 I have had the privilege of introducing people to the MBTI® again and realise that what I wrote (see below) is as relevant today, building on lived experience during the pandemic,
"As I reflect on the world around us and realise how important self-awareness is for us individually and together, it seems that the values of the MBTI® as first envisioned are coming full circle. "
Strange that at the beginning of such a year … 2020 … Kathy Myers passed away. I still want to express my gratitude and appreciation for the person she was and the friend she became. Besides her visits to Emmaus House when we were in Clifton, I had the privilege of staying with her in Philadelphia just before we moved here to Whitchurch. Ten days I will never forget as we talked, shared and I came to know at first hand the founding times of the instrument.
I feel now is the moment to recapture the real depth, with a Jungian understanding, of what the MBTI® is really about. What could be more relevant than to realise what has been and is happening to us, both at the level of the individual and the collective unconscious?
These TWO DAYS in May and then repeated in October can be taken as separate days and are probably more suited to those who have an understanding of the Indicator.
Going Deeper into the MBTI® with Dynamics
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Afterburn: Society Beyond Fossil Fuels
Climate change, along with the depletion of oil, coal, and gas, dictate that we will inevitably move away from our profound societal reliance on fossil fuels; but just how big a transformation will this be? While many policy-makers assume that renewable energy sources will provide an easy "plug-and-play" solution, author Richard Heinberg suggests instead that we are in for a wild ride; a "civilization reboot" on a scale similar to the agricultural and industrial revolutions…
Climate change, along with the depletion of oil, coal, and gas, dictate that we will inevitably move away from our profound societal reliance on fossil fuels; but just how big a transformation will this be? While many policy-makers assume that renewable energy sources will provide an easy "plug-and-play" solution, author Richard Heinberg suggests instead that we are in for a wild ride; a "civilization reboot" on a scale similar to the agricultural and industrial revolutions.
Afterburn consists of fifteen essays exploring various aspects of the twenty-first century migration away from fossil fuels including:
Short-term political and economic factors that impede broad-scale, organized efforts to adapt
The origin of longer-term trends (such as consumerism), that have created a way of life that seems "normal" to most Americans, but is actually unprecedented, highly fragile, and unsustainable
Potential opportunities and sources of conflict that are likely to emerge
From the inevitability and desirability of more locally organized economies to the urgent need to preserve our recent cultural achievements and the futility of pursuing economic growth above all, Afterburn offers cutting-edge perspectives and insights that challenge conventional thinking about our present, our future, and the choices in our hands.
Richard Heinberg is a senior fellow of the Post Carbon Institute, the author of eleven previous books including The Party's Over and The End of Growth. He is widely regarded as one of the world's most effective communicators of the urgent need to transition away from fossil fuels.
New Society Publishers
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GW's War - American Thinker
GW's War
By Otis A. Glazebrook IV
<?xml encoding="UTF-8">Democratic republics never engage in war willingly. Wars are never popular for long. More often than not their wars are the result of a direct provocation or threat.
Tyrannies, by contrast, wage war to obfuscate the misery of their exploited citizenry.
So it was with GW's War.
War, by definition, is a large scale, expensive and violent conflict. Whereby two sides of the conflict spend their available resources killing people and breaking the civilian's will to fight. It is never pretty. Although, the end result of a war can be glorious.
There are times when Wars are justified and need to be waged. Someone needs to lead the nation and the military.
About one third of the citizenry thought GW's War needed to be waged, one third did not think the war was necessary and were in fact vehemently against it, the other third were indifferent to the whole concept.
GW was a lousy speaker and had trouble rallying the citizenry.
Few nations supported GW's War as allies.
Some in Congress who had voted for the war, later changed their minds. As GW's War dragged on, they began to withhold funding. Because of this, American soldiers suffered through incredible hardships, very cold winters, and a constant lack of food and proper military equipment.
GW lost many more battles than he won. In fact on a win / loss basis, he is the worst commander in American History.
Yet, he is fondly remembered because he stood resolute and defeated the finest military machine on the planet.
GW won by attrition, the longest declared war in American history.
GW's War started with a Declaration of War, so noble and so well written that few see it for what it is:
"When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation."
The Declaration of Independence (War) ends with the following sentence:
"And for the support of this Declaration, with firm Reliance on the Protection of divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor." Signed....
There were 56 signers, who by that act, declared war on the most powerful country in their world, the British Empire. They committed treason against King George III. The penalty, if caught, was death by hanging or worse.
The most famous of these men were John Hancock, Ben Franklin, Samuel and John Adams and Thomas Jefferson.
Roger Sherman of Connecticut was the only signer of all four of our founding Documents.
Those of you not familiar with this document might not realize that Patrick Henry, George Washington, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton were not among the signers.
The demographics of the signers were as follows: Benjamin Franklin was the oldest at seventy, 18 were under forty and 3 were in their twenties. John Hancock was the richest. Of the 56, twenty-four were lawyers and judges. Almost all were men of substantial property. Eleven were merchants, nine were farmers. The remaining 12 were ministers, doctors and politicians. These were sober men. They were not wild-eyed fanatics nor dreamy elitist "intellectuals". They sought taxation with representation. Honor and principal drove these men. Two went on to become Presidents and both died on the Fiftieth Anniversary of the signing.
What happened to the less famous signers? All became the objects of a vicious manhunt by the British. Rush Limbaugh, Sr. wrote a famous speech detailing the incredible sacrifices made by these patriots. The speech makes wonderful Fourth of July reading, but one story stands out for me.
The final obscure signer, the man who epitomizes American courage, was Abraham Clark of New Jersey. The British captured two of his sons holding them captive on the infamous prison hulks in New York Harbor. The British offered to release his sons if he recanted his signing of the Declaration of Independence. His answer: "No."
Commander in Chief, General GW ended his public career with his farewell address:
"Though, in reviewing the incidents of my administration, I am unconscious of intentional error, I am nevertheless too sensible of my defects not to think it probable that I may have committed many errors. Whatever they may be, I fervently beseech the Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope that my country will never cease to view them with indulgence; and that, after forty five years of my life dedicated to its service with an upright zeal, the faults of incompetent abilities will be consigned to oblivion, as myself must soon be to the mansions of rest.
"Relying on its kindness in this as in other things, and actuated by that fervent love towards it, which is so natural to a man who views in it the native soil of himself and his progenitors for several generations, I anticipate with pleasing expectation that retreat in which I promise myself to realize, without alloy, the sweet enjoyment of partaking, in the midst of my fellow-citizens, the benign influence of good laws under a free government, the ever-favorite object of my heart, and the happy reward, as I trust, of our mutual cares, labors, and dangers."
- Geo. Washington.
On the 232nd Anniversary of our founding we would do well to remember that we do not honor GW and the Founding Fathers because they achieved personal perfection.
We honor them because of their steadfast belief that Free Men with the guidance of a Supreme Being could achieve Humanity's best form of governance.
We should also recognize that we are still trying to achieve the profound standard of humanity that Thomas Jefferson set forth in his second paragraph:
"We hold these truths to be self-evident:
"That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness; that, to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed; that whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security."
GW and The Founding Fathers recognized that personal perfection is for another venue.


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Chilean court: Private health facilities can't be forced to do abortions
Africa Studio/Shutterstock.
Santiago, Chile, Dec 17, 2018 / 10:53 am
A Chilean court has ruled that private healthcare facilities may conscientiously object to abortions, declaring unconstitutional a law that had gone into effect in October.
By a vote of 8-2, the nation's Constitutional Court struck down a portion of the Regulation on Conscientious Objection of the Law on Abortion. The court accepted a Dec. 6 appeal filed by senators of the Chile Vamos coalition which sought to annul part of the Department of Health regulation.
The paragraph in question said that private institutions that maintained contracts with the state could invoke conscientious objection as long as "they do not involve obstetric and gynecological services which, by their nature, include hospital services."
Facilities that did not have state contracts were permitted under the regulation to conscientiously object to abortion, but were required to refer patients to another health facility that would perform the abortion. Individual doctors were allowed to opt-out of participating in abortions unless a woman required immediate medical attention that could not be postponed.
With the recent ruling by the Constitutional Court, private clinics may now refuse to do abortions while maintaining state contracts.
The Department of Health announced that it "will comply with the ruling" and will adopt all necessary measures to implement it.
The law that legalized abortion in certain cases – rape, fetal "non-viability" and when doctors deem the pregnancy to pose a risk to the life of the mother – was signed into law Sept. 14, 2017 by President Michelle Bachelet, as one of the signature initiatives of her second term.
Abortion,
Catholic News,
Pope Francis accepts Ouellet's resignation, appoints American to lead Dicastery for Bishops
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