Found this at my job today
https://ift.tt/39UR87S
The R.A.N.D System
https://ift.tt/3ahUBgI
its Great so far
https://ift.tt/2xaAjaM
What do you call bacon with salt on it
Salt and Peppa
The native app experience
https://ift.tt/35sWpS6
[REDACTED] is a common killer of scp memes
Completely useless
https://ift.tt/2Ttsmp6
Why was the forest so noisy?
The tree's bark.
My sister got married the other day and now has 16 husbands….
Four richer, four poorer, four better and four worse…
How do you start a rice pudding race?…
Death to Skyrim lvl memes
Yo what the fuck
https://ift.tt/2TKHTjE
So I followed their advice..
https://ift.tt/2KNJ3qv
Not to mention the TV series The Beverly Krillbillies
"Dank Milk"
Whats ET short for
It's because his legs are little
6.6k upvotes on pewd submissions
This pretty much sums it up.
https://ift.tt/2QHV8RZ
Technical debt is a bitch
https://ift.tt/37OLB1g
My roommate says our house is haunted
I've been living here for 300 years and i havnt noticed shit.
this, all week
https://ift.tt/2y3dWEt
Also, That's a Microwave
https://ift.tt/2DgrNq3
What a way to start the day.
https://ift.tt/2YKKaO2
What did the duck say when she bought a lipstick?
Put it on my bill!!
Altar boy goes to confession
"Bless me Father, for I have sinned. I have been with a loose girl." The priest asks, "Is that you, little Joey Pagano?" "Yes, Father, it is." "And who was the girl you were with?" "I can't tell you, Father. I don't want to ruin her reputation." "Well, Joey, I'm sure to find out her name sooner or later so you may as well tell me now. Was it Tina Minetti?" "I cannot say." "Was it Teresa Mazzarelli?" "I'll never tell." "Was it Nina Capelli?" "I'm sorry, but I cannot name her." "Was it Cathy Piriano?" "My lips are sealed." "Was it Rosa DiAngelo, then?" "Please, Father, I cannot tell you." The priest sighs in frustration. "You're very tight lipped, and I admire that. But you've sinned and have to atone. You cannot be an altar boy now for 4 months. Now you go and behave yourself." Joey walks back to his pew, and his friend Franco slides over and whispers, "What'd you get?" "Four months vacation and five good leads!"
I am deeply disturbed by this one
https://ift.tt/2Vo3XTi
haha spontaneous jackie chan very funny 👍
Hes a legend 😂
https://ift.tt/2SQ1Ciz
[NSFW] What do you call a group of cows masturbating?
Beef strokin'off
My son asked me, "Daddy, why do bees stay in the hive in the winter?" I smiled and answered…
"Swarm."
Where did covid 19 take his son?
The Plagueground
Won't Get Fooled Again
https://ift.tt/2rKeIDj
Why has god forsaken us
https://ift.tt/2OLXxJI
They are really moody sometimes
https://ift.tt/2AdrwWC
My wife always prefers the stairs, whereas I always like to take the elevator.
I guess we are raised differently.
⭐ Yelp review
https://ift.tt/2IiB4k1
Lion boomer
https://ift.tt/2sModCl
My girlfriend and I went on our 9th date to see the new Batman film.
Our dates can be summarized as follows: Dinner, dinner, dinner, dinner, dinner, dinner, dinner, dinner, BATMAN!
"I don't believe it. My son was invited to a sex party."
"By?" "No, he's straight from what I know."
It's such a shitty format
What is the most ironic name for a vegan?
Hunter.
fart funny
https://ift.tt/37uILxU
Literally bigbrain meme
https://ift.tt/36Sv50d
A 5th grader from Alabama and a 5th grader from New York City got into a fight. Who won?
The 5th grader from Alabama, because he's 18 years old.
bUt i'M nOt usEd tO thAt stAndArd
https://ift.tt/2P3DsPW
A doctor told a guy that masturbating before sex often helped men last longer during the act
The man decided, "What the hell, I'll try it," He spent the rest of the day thinking about where to do it before he got home to his wife. He couldn't do it in his office. He thought about the restroom, but that was too open. He considered an alley, but figured that was too unsafe. Finally, he realized his solution. On his way home, he pulled his truck over on the side of the highway. He got out and crawled underneath as if he was examining the truck. Satisfied with the privacy, he undid his pants and started to play with his unit. He closed his eyes and thought of his lover. As he grew closer to the big finish, he felt a quick tug at the bottom of his pants. Not wanting to lose his mental fantasy or the orgasm, he kept his eyes shut and replied, "What?" He heard, "This is the police. What's going on down there?" The man replied, "I'm checking out the rear axle, it's busted." The cop replied, "Well, you might as well check your brakes too while you're down there because your truck rolled down the hill 5 minutes ago."
The wrong "yours" is the cherry on top
https://ift.tt/3dLSVym
Soince
https://ift.tt/2XMbAV4
I hate those people who knock on your door and tell you you need to be "saved" or you'll "burn"
Stupid firemen.
A white shell 😂
Found on r/dankmemes
Fat bad. Thin-TV bad
https://ift.tt/334lIcd
perpendicular to the wall obviously
https://ift.tt/2Odv4LT
https://ift.tt/2UBLYHf
https://ift.tt/2OrdyUs
Upper, lower class too and for girls too ! You better understand the template
https://ift.tt/2AGSiqQ
As my wife was preparing dinner, I said to her, "That's a nice ham you've got there."
"It'd be a shame if someone put an 's' at the front and an 'e' at the end."
Somebody threw a jar of mayonnaise at me…
I was like: What the Hellman
gotta do that work
https://ift.tt/2OeSnov
I was standing in front of the bathroom mirror one evening admiring my reflection, when I posed this question to my wife of 30 years, "Will you still love me when I'm old, fat, and balding?"
She smiled and answered, "I do."
Hitler went to a fortune teller and asked her
"on what day will I die?" The fortune teller assured him that he would die on a Jewish holiday. "Why are you so sure of that?" demanded Hitler. "Any day", she replied, "on which you die will be a Jewish holiday".
Lil buddy 😮
https://ift.tt/2PA1Ybw
https://ift.tt/3cdOKdV
John can't choose a pickaxe
I dared a guy to fill up his piggy bank with one penny every year for one hundred years.
He said he wouldn't do it. Cause it would take a cent-ury.
The Banana Programmer
https://ift.tt/2PcKH7p
My dad just told me, "When I was your age and saw a girl, I first looked at her hair, then her eyes, then her neck…"
Damn dial up connections!
Vladimir Putin is hosting a summit with Donald Trump, Kim Jong-Un, and Justin Trudeau.
As a part of the summit, Putin takes the three leaders to a wilderness area outside of Moscow and dismisses the press corps, and a large wolf in a cage is brought out. "Friends, this savage wolf was trapped and brought from the wilds of Siberia just yesterday. I want to show you what kind of man I am." Putin takes a pencil and puts it behind his ear. Then he unzips his pants and underwear, and stands there butt naked in front of the three world leaders. "Now, witness the strength of Russia." He puts his stuff through the bars of the cage, and the wolf starts licking his balls. After a few minutes, the wolf starts to nibble with his teeth.. Putin endures it for several seconds, and then when the wolf finally latches on to his penis, he grabs the pencil from behind his ear and pokes the wolf in the eye with the eraser. As the wolf yelps, Putin pulls his package out from the cage and gets dressed. "And that, gentlemen," Putin says as the gets over the pain, "is the strength and power of Russia. Now, show me what your nations are made of. Supreme Leader?" Kim Jong-Un smiles and laughs and says, "No thank you, Mr. President, My, uh… wife would never forgive me." Putin laughs politely and shrugs his shoulders. He then looks to Trudeau. "Mr. Trudeau? Canada has native wolves, show us the strength of Canada!" The Prime Minister looks abashed. "Eh… no, no thank you, sir." This time Putin can't withhold his grin. He finally turns to Donald Trump. "Surely, the world's greatest superpower has a leader of great power! Show us the power of the United States of America!" "I'll tell you what, Vlad, as I call you, I don't mind doing it, I'll be great at doing it, the very best. Just do me a favor, there's no need to poke me in the eye."
A sweet, little old lady walks into a bar frequented by the baddest biker gang around.
She walks up to the leader, a real mountain of a man, and say she wants to join. He can barely contain his laughter, and decides to have some fun with her before he tells her off. "Do you even own a bike?" he asks. "I do. It's parked right outside." "Do you swear?" "More than a fucking sailor." She says. "Do you drink?" "Like a fish." The leader is surprisingly impressed, and asks one more question. "Well, have you ever been picked up by the fuzz?" The old lady thinks for a minute, and then says "No, but I've been swung around by the nipples before."
I spilled water on my laptop.
https://ift.tt/2HIoJFu
My wife told me to take a spider out instead of killing it
We went and had drinks. Cool guy, wants to be a web designer
jack=/= Durian
Found wandering in the wilds of Facebook…variation on a theme. Phone bad.
https://ift.tt/37MJZoY
Come on! Really?
A Very Harry Situation
What do you call someone with no body and no nose?
Nobody knows.
"I never understood wind"
https://ift.tt/2SkTjeA
vectored
https://ift.tt/39eBX8K
Once upon a time there lived a ravishing Queen with huge tits…
Nick the Dragon Slayer obsessed over the Queen for this reason. He knew that the penalty for his desire would be death should he try to touch them, but he had to try. One day Nick revealed his secret desire to his colleague, Horatio the Physician, the King's chief doctor. Horatio thought about this, and said that he could arrange for Nick to more than satisfy his desire, but it would cost him 1000 gold coins to arrange it. Without pause Nick readily agreed to the scheme. The next day, Horatio made a batch of itching powder and poured a little bit into the Queen's bra while she bathed. Soon after she dressed, the itching commenced and grew intense. Upon being summoned to the Royal Chambers to address this incident, Horatio informed the King and Queen that only a special saliva, if applied for four hours, would cure this type of itch, and that tests had shown that only the saliva of Nick would work as the antidote to cure the itch. The King, eager to help his Queen, quickly summoned Nick to their chambers. Horatio then slipped Nick the antidote for the itching powder, which he put into his mouth, and for the next four hours, Nick worked passionately on the Queen's large and magnificent breasts. The Queen's itching was eventually relieved, and Nick left satisfied and hailed as a hero. Upon returning to his chamber, Nick found Horatio demanding his payment of 1000 gold coins. With his obsession now satisfied, Nick couldn't have cared less knowing that Horatio could never report this matter to the King and with a laugh told him to get lost. The next day, Horatio slipped a massive dose of the same itching powder into the King's underwear. The King immediately summoned Nick.
Why was the stegosaurus such a good volleyball player?
He was really good at spiking the ball!
So my brother's girlfriend was recently diagnosed with cancer, and when she told him, he proposed to her on the spot!
So see ladies, we guys can be spontaneous and romantic. We just don't like long term commitments.
A father in Iraq gifted his daughter a new bag. The daughter replied…..
Thanks for the Baghdad
Fuck the 12
https://ift.tt/3f2tDM5
Why do dogs float in water?
Because they're good buoys
enjoying all of the contributions
https://ift.tt/2M83zTa
Boomer cartoon found on instagram
https://ift.tt/2rtyYsj
Something's fishy
https://ift.tt/2XgTrOm
I was watching rc plane crashes the other day
They're better than regular plane crashes, because there's no loss of life. If you're flying an rc plane, you never had a life to begin with.
Dystopian future is already here
https://ift.tt/307iQbn
I just ordered a vault and loudspeaker online
They just arrived. Safe and sound Found this on a text message from someone's actual dad
How do you murder mass?
You killagram
Time looking at exponential graphs
https://ift.tt/2WQ7hYq
Poor Hitchbot.
https://ift.tt/31aDtWr
My son, while gazing up at the sky, asked me how stars die
"Usually an overdose", I said
Taking out the trash
https://ift.tt/2RF4vTk
I bought a leather handbag.
Even though I don't own any leather hands.
It's time we thank the President for mitigating unnecessary American deaths due to a horrible and contagious disease!
https://ift.tt/2yihJxr


The Pirates of Penzance ★★★★★ review, English National Opera
09 Feb 17 – 25 Mar 17, with five matinees at 3PM
Film director Mike Leigh's take on a Victorian favourite that pokes irreverent fun at British society is a treat for half-term, and beyond
By Claudia Pritchard on 12/2/2017
3 CW readers are interested
The very model of a modern major general, in The Pirates of Penzance. Photograph: Tristram Kenton
The Pirates of Penzance review, English National Opera 4	The Pirates of Penzance review, English National Opera Claudia Pritchard
A man who blusters his way into high office while knowing nothing, a life turned upside down by a numerical fluke .... The theme of The Pirates of Penzance feel suddenly modern and familiar, but that is the gift of WS Gilbert, the librettist who ridiculed the powerful and the system.
Throughout Mike Leigh's pointed production for English National Opera, now boisterously returned to the Coliseum, I found myself wishing we had a WS Gilbert today, filling theatres with audiences who could laugh openly at the absurdities of their topsy-turvy nation, and others. Gilbert and Sullivan (a composer always at his best when tongue in cheek) may feel like whiskery old gents from this distance (Pirates was first staged in London in 1880), but in their day they were as radical as any mud-slinging stand-up now.
Their gift was to package their political satire in such delectable music, decorous dialogue and hilarious songs that nothing felt too dangerous. And a good production, like this one, of G&S lets librettist and composer do the work, and does not try too hard to embellish it.
So the pirate-ship scene that opens the show is performed on the first of a series of Alison Chitty's simple geometric sets – no rigging, no masts, just trunkfuls of rag-and-bone wear for the seamen and a steam-punk, glam-rock get-up for Ashley Riches' towering, airy, Pirate King. When a tide of single women rolls in, all candy stripes and cambric, button boots and boaters, the fate of everyone of marriageable age is sealed. Except Frederick, who on becoming 21 discovers that he was born on 29 February, and has therefore, so far, only just passed his fifth birthday.
His salvation is the plucky Mabel, here in the form of the prestigious Susan Chilcott prize-winner Soraya Mafi, who artfully steers a course between operatic coloratura and music-hall soubrette, in a very winning performance. Wide of eye and with a knowing command of her pearlescent voice, as piratical Frederick's first beloved she quickly is crowned Queen of the High Cs. Long may she reign.
As the ill-qualified, paternal, Major General, ENO's great comedian Andrew Shore rattles through his patter song, explaining that he knows, as someone else in high office might say, a bunch of stuff, but cheerfully admits to knowing nothing about the job he does. Remind you of anybody?
Opera veteran John Tomlinson's Police Sergeant delivers the lament for his lot with all the heft of his long career in grand opera, but with a lightness of touch, like Lucy Schaufer, as Frederick's old nurse, Ruth, while rising star David Webb is an amiable Frederick.
I've seen a life-time of amateur productions of Gilbert and Sullivan (I was playing in the pit for some, 45 years ago). Seeing this production for the first time, maybe it's the venue, and the expectations that come with walking into the Coliseum, home of English National Opera, or maybe it's the long operatic pedigree of this cast, but I have never been so moved by Sullivan's gift for pastiche – his Verdian choruses, the chorales and madrigals.
Yes, The Pirates of Penzance is a hoot and a scream, but there are moments of great beauty too – Gareth Jones conducting the ENO orchestra and chorus master James Henshaw make sure of that –and we can all do with some of that right now.
by Claudia Pritchard
What The Pirates of Penzance review, English National Opera
Where English National Opera, London Coliseum, St Martin's Lane, London, WC2N 4ES | MAP
Nearest tube Covent Garden (underground)
When 09 Feb 17 – 25 Mar 17, with five matinees at 3PM
Price £12 - £105
Website Click here to book via Culture Whisper and See Tickets
24 of July 2019
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Home Gig Dates Bio Merch Youtube The Scrapbook and Reviews Album Launch Debut Album Menu
We began our rock journey in early October of 2016 through a mutual love of music; specifically classic rock and glam metal.
Taking influence from legendary acts like Guns n Roses, Poison, Alice Cooper, Bon Jovi, Skid Row, Whitesnake and Van Halen. We embrace the theatrical side of the music business and at a typical gig, you won't see a song, you'll see a performance; we strive to make our gigs as entertaining and as much fun as possible, with charisma and attitude. Here's some info about ourselves:
Stevie Sixx: OK so the stage name's a bit camp but what isn't about glam rock?! Let's be clear, I'm the lead guitarist, Blake is not! In fact since we're on the subject he's pretty much my personal assistant but let's not talk about that.... If you didn't already know blue is my favourite colour.
JD: Ladies and gentleman. I am the Jordan. I am the frontman with my awesome vocals and rhythm guitar, I'm also the only one with any fashion sense in 27 Days. People often say I should tone it down but sadly I can't hear them over my guitar!
Phil: Okay....So, I'm Phil the guy who hits things for 27. Apparently I have a sponsorship from Collision Drumsticks! I've ended up here because of my love of rock and heavy hitting....Oh and when you come to see us play..Always. Bring. Protection!
Dom: My names Dom. I am very funky. I will play anything. I feel like as a bass player I'm the most important, but doesn't everyone? Especially guitarists always wanting to turn it up to 11! Oh and I love pizza and bass solos. You've gotta have a good looking one in a band and Steve wasn't gonna cut it soooo...You've gotta put up with me!
We are currently gigging throught Bournemouth, Poole and the surrounding areas and have already headlined community events such as both Winton and Wareham carnivals, spreading classic rock to fans of all ages.
We have been writing our own material from the very beginning, with the mission to save rock 'n' roll, bring back the epic music of days gone by, and ROCK OUT!
We are currently in the process of writing music with the aim of recording our debut studio album in early 2018
If you want to witness us doing what we do best, check out our gig dates and get yourselves along to see the best new classic rock and glam metal band in Bournemouth!
Keep On Rockin!
Check Out: Love's A Loaded Gun
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This year, the Evangelical Free Church of America's (EFCA) sister organization, the Evangelical Free Church of Canada (EFCC) marks the 100th anniversary of its first congregation this year. The first free church was formed in Enchant, Alberta in 1917. Over time, the denomination has grown to encompass over 150 congregations across Canada.
To mark this milestone, the TIU/EFCA digital collections has recently uploaded two free books to our digital collections that document the history of the EFCC and of its school (and Trinity's sister university), Trinity Western University.
Pictured: A photograph of the original church and congregation at Enchant, Alberta, and a portrait of Rev. Carl Fosmark, early EFCC pioneer. From Fifty Years and Seventy Places.
The first work, Fifty Years and Seventy Places by Muriel Hanson (1967) was written to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the beginning of the denomination. It follows the growth of the Enchant congregation and the spread of missionaries and pioneers across the country, particularly of the early EFCC leader Rev. Carl Fosmark.
The second work, On the Raw Edge of Faith by Calvin Hanson (1977?) is part memoir and part institutional history of Trinity Western University, written by its first president, Calvin Hanson. He relates how his life led him from missionary work in Japan to ultimately help fund and found a college for the Free Church in British Columbia in 1962, fifty-five years ago this year. Originally started as a junior college, TWU now boasts an undergraduate enrollment of nearly 2,000 and a graduate enrollment equal to that.
Both offer fascinating personal accounts of faith, fortitude, and missionary spirit. Trinity and the EFCA extend their congratulations to the EFCC and TWU on reaching such important milestones in their history!
For more interesting material on the Free Churches, check out our Digital Collections at Rolfing Library!
Categories a graduate studenta pastoran undergraduate studentfaculty


Alyson Lee Hannigan is an American actress. She was born March 24, 1974 in Washington, D.C. She moved to Atlanta, Georgia when she was 2 years old to live with her mother. She started to act in commercials for McDonalds, Six Flags amusement parks and Oreo cookies when she was small. When she was 11, she went to Los Angeles with her mother to go to school and become famous. She started getting noticed with her roles in Buffy the Vampire Slayer as Willow Rosenberg and in the American Pie movies as Michelle Flaherty. She is currently on the television series How I Met Your Mother.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alyson Hannigan.
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Alyson Hannigan on IMDb
Alyson Hannigan at TV.com
The Indy Channel interview Archived 2012-01-20 at the Wayback Machine (February 15, 2006)
Sun Times interview (July 21 2005)
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RKTB Expands a Century-Old Bronx School with Sustainability in Mind
By Nelya Sachakova June 7, 2022
Colorful window surrounds on the exterior exude a playful atmosphere at P.S. 19X, also known as The Judith K. Weiss Woodlawn School in the Bronx. Photo by Albert Vecerka
Architects and designers look at ways to solve issues like overcrowding in NYC's public school facilities.
The NYC Green Schools Guide and Rating System made the city one of the first to have a legal requirement for sustainable design.
RKTB recently completed the P.S. 19X project, expanding and upgrading a 1925 school building to LEED Gold equivalent.
New York City's public school system is a point of pride—producing excellent academic performance and achievement with the potential to become even better. But the facilities' age, challenges with expansion, and design flaws typical of an earlier architectural era have not always adequately supported the work of students, teachers, and administrators. That's something some of our own designers can speak to from personal experience as former New York public school students. Overcrowding has been an issue, for example, exacerbating the strain on dated HVAC infrastructure and resulting in conditions that can be stifling.
The New York City School Construction Authority (SCA) has been on a mission to change that since it was created in 1988. In 2005 SCA went further, acting on the principle that sustainable design creates healthy and engaging spaces and establishing the NYC Green Schools Guide and Rating System (GSG) for the design facilities renovation and modernization projects as well as for new school buildings. Its adoption made New York City one of the first and largest school districts in the nation to have a legal requirement to comply with sustainable design and construction guidelines.
At RKTB Architects, we believe sustainable design is inextricably linked to the health and well-being of a building's occupants. It is crucial to have good, safe, and healthy buildings for everyone—especially for children. Our prolific K-12 design practice has more than 40 years of experience working with New York City public schools. Since its introduction, we have honed our expertise in the ever-tightening requirements of the Green Schools Guide, which we meet or exceed on every project. At P.S. 19X, a project we recently completed in the Woodlawn neighborhood of the Bronx, for example, we exceeded the minimum standard and achieved an expansion of an existing 1925 school building that is equivalent to LEED Gold while simultaneously renovating and upgrading the existing building.
Before our team began work on P.S. 19—also known as The Judith K. Weiss Woodlawn School—the student population had long outgrown its historic building, with enrollment numbers continuing to rise with each passing year. Working in partnership with SCA (the agency in the dual role of both client and construction manager), our team at RKTB delivered an addition that more than doubles the school's floor area, adds modern features and amenities, and provides a healthier and more sustainable environment for the students.
Building renovation at P.S. 19X included replacing outdated administrative and cramped assembly spaces with new, modern classrooms with operable windows and plenty of natural light—all with modern technology and materials, finishes, and systems. Photo by Albert Vecerka
The renovation of the existing building's interior included replacing outdated administrative and cramped assembly spaces with new, modern classrooms with operable windows and plenty of natural light—all outfitted with modern technology and materials, finishes, and systems. During construction, the students and faculty had to be able to use the existing building without major disruption, which required us to be nimble in addressing unforeseen field conditions and inventive with how to connect building systems and the addition itself. We wanted to be sure our construction process was as sustainable as the final product, so we worked with our contractors to develop a plan to divert as much as 95% of our construction waste from landfill and manage stormwater onsite.
P.S. 19X includes new administrative offices—replacing those in the existing building—as well as a double-height gymnasium, a combined cafeteria and auditorium (cafetorium), and a new entrance with a welcoming, airy lobby. We limited the addition to four stories to match the scale of the Woodlawn neighborhood, which is primarily single-family. Colorful window surrounds on the exterior exude a playful atmosphere and welcome the community to engage with the campus.
The new entry is a critical element of the project because you can't enjoy the benefits of a sustainably designed environment if you can't access it. The front door to the existing school building was at the top of a flight of stairs, limiting access for students with mobility issues. A new street-level entry and elevators make all the spaces in the addition accessible to students with disabilities. And while the floor-to-floor heights in the existing building do not meet the standard for SCA's new construction projects, an exception was made to allow for barrierless connections between the old building and the new, so most spaces in the existing building are now fully accessible to all students as well.
RKTB Architects renovated a 1925 school building to make a vibrant new school in the Bronx. Photo by Albert Vecerka
Inside P.S. 19X, The Judith K. Weiss Woodlawn School. Photo by Albert Vecerka
The backbone of sustainable construction is energy efficiency, and we employed systems and materials that help to reduce overall energy costs by more than 30% compared to the Green Schools Guide baseline. To relieve pressure on the HVAC system, we used R-15 insulation in the above-grade wall assemblies and R-10 in those below grade; roof construction included R-30 insulation under a performative cool roof that helps reduce heat gain. A state-of-the-art building management system will track energy usage and building performance, allowing adjustments for adjustments by facility directors; daylight harvesters and occupancy sensors in classrooms and offices will help limit the load from lighting systems. And while there are no renewables onsite, the school will be sourcing at least 35% of its electricity from renewable sources.
Because of increasingly stringent LEED standards and New York Building Codes, this was the first school project for RKTB where performing a blower door test was required. Large fans were placed in the building, and we measured the amount of air exhausted to confirm that the building was airtight. The test resulted in the construction team finding and sealing openings in the building envelope that we would have been otherwise unaware of, resulting in a more energy-efficient structure.
This tight envelope also helps control the school's indoor air quality, which has always been a critical part of sustainable and healthy design but is even more so after the coronavirus pandemic. P.S. 19X followed all the LEED requirements for indoor air quality, including strict standards for mechanical systems and their filters. They were sealed from exposure to pollutants until they were fully installed, after which the system flushed out the air from the building's construction. The fact that the structure was built during the height of the pandemic led to the upgrading of all air-handling equipment and filters to maximize air quality and remove pathogens.
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Low-emitting materials and finishes—from flooring to paint to furniture—were specified as much as possible to minimize any off-gassing that could harm the indoor air quality during the building's use. We also used locally sourced materials where possible; all the concrete, for example, was sourced from Long Island City, just a borough away—and with recycled content.
Designing sustainably means not overbuilding, and at RKTB we pride ourselves in pursuing strategies that use space efficiently and minimize each structure's footprint. In the classrooms this meant using modular furniture that can be rearranged to address the changing needs of both students and their teachers over time. In the new entry it meant creating open spaces large enough to double as gathering or assembly space. And in the cafetorium it meant combining the uses of a full-service cafeteria with an auditorium complete with stage, lighting, and sound equipment. A common feature in schools across the country, the P.S. 19X cafetorium is one of very few such venues within the NYC public school system, providing students with a flexible suite of modern amenities without having to double the footprint.
That saved space allowed us to expand the size of the outdoor play spaces and gathering areas, which are landscaped with native Panicum Virgatum—otherwise known as "Northwind." These plants require minimal maintenance once established, requiring no permanent irrigation and reducing our landscaping water usage to near zero. Inside, low-flow and high-efficiency plumbing fixtures will reduce water usage by more than 30% above the Green Schools Guide baseline.
First floor plan. Courtesy of RKTB Architects
All the strategies above help create a healthy, safe, and welcoming environment that supports students' ability to learn. But a piece that we at RKTB believe is critical to making such a space truly inspiring is to personalize it by connecting it with the community it serves. The existing school building was and remains a community landmark along Katonah Avenue, but its monumental walls and opaque metal doors didn't invite the community in.
The new, glazed entry and expansive windows invite people to engage with the school their children attend and be curious about the programs within. The new amenity spaces can also be used by the broader community, broadening the reach of who the building serves and activating the campus outside of school hours.
Woodlawn's history is woven throughout the building, with quotes printed on colorful the great poets, thinkers, musicians, and dreamers who either hail from the area or are buried in the famed Woodlawn Cemetery nearby, including Irving Berlin, Miles Davis, and Celia Cruz, among others.
It's always rewarding to see the collaboration between our design team, consultants, and clients come to life in a finished project—to see what months and years of discussion and drawing looks like in reality. But it is even more rewarding to see a completed learning environment filled with students, teeming with activity, and knowing that our efforts have enhanced learning and teaching processes. The expansion of the school created capacity for an additional 200 students, transforming the formerly cramped quarters into ample space for the students to learn and explore in a healthy environment that will nurture and inspire them as they grow.
Creating this type of space is only possible by leveraging sustainable design to its fullest to make every building we can better and healthier for its occupants, its community, and the environment at large. For us at RKTB, to imagine that the students of P.S. 19 will look back and remember fondly that their school environment sparked joy and curiosity is inspiring and motivating. Improving their lives through design is what drives our team to make schools better and better, one project at a time.
Alex Barclay, also an associate with RKTB, contributed to this article.
More stories on Projects
Nelya Sachakova
began her career at RKTB while pursuing her Masters of Architecture at City College of New York. She became a full-time architectural designer in 2015 and was elevated to the role of associate in 2021.


SNY Mets Broadcasters Record Amazin' Audio Announcements for the Subway
Updated September 14, 2022 8:15 p.m.
Announcements to be Played on 7 Trains
Mets Fans Encouraged to Download the SNY App to "Stream the Stretch"
Listen to the Announcements
Watch the News Conference
The Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) teamed up with SNY Mets television analysts Keith Hernandez, Gary Cohen, Ron Darling and to record a series of fun audio announcements that will be played on trains. The recorded announcements began playing this week for tens of thousands of riders, providing customers with wayfinding information, subway rules, and safety tips, while also thanking them for riding with the MTA.
The announcements are scheduled to run through the New York Mets' final home game on Oct. 5.
"As the Mets roll towards the playoffs, fans are flocking to the train because it's the fastest, safest, most convenient way to get to and from the game," said New York City Transit President Richard Davey. "Having Gary, Keith and Ron join the NYC Transit team is exciting for us and gives Mets fans familiar voices to hear on their way to Citi Field."
"As the playoffs get closer, the excitement is building for Mets fans," said Sandy Alderson, New York Mets President. "Everyone can avoid the traffic on their way to the game by taking a bus or the train. I'm a regular subway rider to and from Citi Field and public transit is what keeps New York moving."
"We thought it was kind of cool that our voices would be on the subway. I know that when I lived in the city that was my preferred mode of transportation," said Keith Hernandez, SNY Mets Television Analyst and First Baseman for the 1986 World Series Champion Mets. "There's going to be postseason, and hopefully it'll go into November. And what better way for fans to come to the ballgame than on the subway with a bunch of cars full of Mets fans sharing the excitement of going to the ballgame together."
"With thousands of Mets fans using the train to get to Citi Field, it's great for customers to hear these legendary voices lend a helping hand on their trip," said MTA Acting Chief Customer Officer Shanifah Rieara. "Gary, Keith and Ron have guided Mets fans through the baseball season for years and now they'll help 7 line subway riders make their way around New York."
"The MTA is thrilled to have SNY's championship level television broadcast team help us keep our customers informed," said New York City Transit Senior Vice President of Subways Demetrius Crichlow. "With a subway line that takes fans right to Citi Field, mass transit is the best way to get to events all over New York."
More New Yorkers are using the subway and buses to get to their destination. On Sept. 13, the subway and buses carried 5,030,00 riders. The subway alone carried 3,610,000 riders.
On Sept. 13, on the commuter rails, the LIRR surpassed 200,000 riders on a weekday for the second consecutive week, carrying 200,200 riders. Metro-North Railroad carried a record 180,200 riders that same day, surpassing the railroad's previous record set on Sept. 7 of 179,600.
SNY and the MTA have also teamed up to inform riders they can "Stream the Stretch." Fans can stream the Mets anytime, anywhere, on any device with the SNY app as they head down the September stretch with their eyes on the postseason. Throughout the regular baseball season, all SNY Mets programming including pre- and post-game coverage will be live on the SNY app. The free SNY app is available to download on iOS, Android, tvOS, Android TV, Apple TV, Fire TV and Roku.
Here are details of game-day service to Citi Field:
New York City Subway and Buses
The Mets-Willets Point station is in front of Citi Field on Roosevelt Avenue near 126th Street. Fans can always take either the local or the express train to reach Mets-Willets Point.
The Q48 bus stops at 126th Street and Roosevelt Avenue, right in front of Citi Field. Customers can use the real-time bus ridership tracking feature on the MYmta app before boarding.
Customers can use the MTA's contactless fare payment system OMNY to get to the games. Every tap to and from Citi Field is another step closer to the "Lucky 13" feature where, starting with the 13th ride of each week from Monday to Sunday, every additional ride on subway or buses is free for the rest of that week.
The LIRR provides direct service to the Mets-Willets Point station all season long via the Port Washington Branch, just a 19-minute ride from Penn Station. Citi Field is just 17 minutes from Great Neck and 27 minutes from Port Washington. Fans traveling from Long Island on other branches can reach Citi Field by changing at Woodside, just a five-minute ride from the stadium.
Access-A-Ride paratransit has a designated stop at Citi Field located at 41 Seaver Way (126th St and 37th Ave), south of the BullPen Gate in the Passenger Loading Zone (second cut out) directly in front of the AMWAY awning. Customers have ample shelter and a clear sight line of 126th Street from BullPen Gate.
To book a trip customers can call (877)-337-2017, use MyAAR or the MYmta app. Please see here for further information: https://www.mlb.com/mets/ballpark/disability-access-guide#accessmap
Mets fans from the Bronx, the northern New York suburbs or Connecticut can catch any Metro-North train to Grand Central and transfer to the 7 train to Citi Field.
New York Transit Museum
Fans can travel to home games in style with the New York Transit Museum Store's Train to the Game Collection that includes tees, hats, magnets, mugs and more.
About SNY
SNY is an Emmy Award winning regional sports content creator with both linear television and digital platform distribution. SNY provides unparalleled and exclusive coverage of the New York Mets, New York Jets, UConn women's basketball and all things New York sports. As New York's leader in local sports coverage, SNY delivers the most comprehensive access to all the Tri-State area's professional and collegiate sports teams through exclusive live games, nightly sports programs, and original entertainment. The linear network serves approximately seven million homes throughout New York, Connecticut, New Jersey, and northeastern Pennsylvania, and nationally through select providers. SNY also distributes up-to-the-minute New York sports news and exclusive series digitally at SNY.tv, but also through its social channels on YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. SNY is owned by Sterling Entertainment Enterprises, Charter Communications and Comcast.


At least 35 publicly 'out' gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, queer, pansexual and non-binary athletes will be competing in Beijing for the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. It is double the number who competed in Pyeongcheng in 2018.
The LGBTQ+ athletes who comprise Team LGBTQ+ at the Bejing Olympics include the first openly non-binary American winter sports athlete, a Brazilian skeleton sledder who will be competing against her girlfriend, and a speed skater.
Belgian Kim Meylemans and Brazilian Nicole Silveira are both sliders in the top 20 in the world rankings. They are both out LGBTQ+ athletes. And they are dating. And they will be competing against each other in the Skeleton in Bejing.
35-year-old Dutch speedskater Ireen Wüst, is attending her fifth Olympic Games in Bejing. To date, she has won five gold medals, five silver medals and one bronze, making her the most decorated speedskater in history and the most decorated out LGBTQ+ Ollympian.
In TeamGB and also in Team LGBTQ+ are figure skater Lewis Gibson, freestyle skiers Makayla Gerken Schofield and Gus Kenworthy, and curling men's team skip Bruce Mouat.
Where sport and politics take centre stage at the Olympic Games, the topics of human rights and inclusion are sure to take centre-stage this time round, especially as the host country, China, has a record of human-rights abuses, and no legal recognition for same-sex couples.
The presence of Team LGBTQ+ draws attention to the importance of an Olympic Games of diversity, inclusion and equal opportunity.
Kim Meylemans and Nicole Silveira, LGBTQ+ partners, but opponents in the Bejing Skeleton
GB medal hopefuls at Beijing


Rangers in John Souttar signing battle as Sheffield United confirm interest in Hearts star
Light Blues are ready to offer 25-year old Scotland defender a pre-contract deal but face massive competition from English clubs
John Souttar is a man in demand
John Souttar is a transfer target for Sheffield United, manager Paul Heckingbottom has confirmed.
The Hearts centre back is one of the most in demand players in the game at the moment with his contract expiring at the end of the season.
Rangers are keen to do a deal for the 25-year old Scotland star and are set to offer a pre-contract to Souttar, but face stiff competition from a number of English Championship sides.
Promotion-chasing Blackburn are among the front runners, while Stoke - where John's brother Harry plays - are also in the running.
Sheffield United, too, have been linked with Souttar and former Hibs boss Heckingbottom has now confirmed the defender is on his radar.
"Yeah he is one of a few that we have been linked with.
"I know him from my time in Scotland a good player and I am sure we will be linked with more players, some will be right and some will be way off the mark.
John Souttar 'move' to Rangers examined as Hearts star told the pressure will ramp up
When pressed on whether the Blades link with Souttar was right, Heckingbottom confirmed his interest.
He said: "He's one of a few that we have been looking at.
"We highlighted positions we need players in he's one in that position and we would be foolish not to have a look at him, he's a free transfer in the summer but I am not going to say if we are going to do it but certainly someone we have looked at."
After finally overcoming injury problems that have blighted him for years, Souttar has been at his best this season.
His form for the Jambos has seen him return to the Scotland squad, and he marked his return with the opening goal in the stunning 2-0 win over Denmark at Hampden.
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Share this Story: Police asking for help to identify mutilated body found in Crescent Heights
Police asking for help to identify mutilated body found in Crescent Heights
Emma McIntosh • Calgary Herald
Police investigating after body parts were found in Crescent Heights, west of Centre Street by Samis Rd. N.E. in Calgary. Photo by Al Charest /Postmedia
The body found in Crescent Heights earlier this week was not intact and had been there for days before it was found, Calgary Police said Friday.
The death, which was ruled suspicious, is being investigated by the Calgary Police's major crimes unit. A passerby found the body on a forested hill on the west side of Centre Street North and Samis Road N.E. on Wednesday morning.
Police asking for help to identify mutilated body found in Crescent Heights Back to video
"It appears to investigators that there was some effort put into concealing the body," said Insp. Don Coleman of the major crimes unit.
"It was not intact, and we don't believe it's from animal activity in the area or things like that. We believe what was done was purposefully done."
An autopsy conducted Thursday found the victim was a woman between the ages of 20 and 40, with dark hair.
Police declined to elaborate on the condition of the body. However, Coleman said the victim's left cheek had a "distinguishable mark" on it, which was covered by a bandage.
"Something had been cut or removed," Coleman said.
Coleman said the medical examiner hasn't ruled on a specific cause of death, and police have not been able to identify her.
The body had been there for a few days, Coleman said.
The passerby who found it first noticed a smell when walking by the area on his way to work. The second time he walked by, he noticed an "object" in the trees and called 911, Coleman said.
The level of decomposition made it difficult to determine identifying details like the victim's skin colour, said Coleman, adding that the body wasn't found with any personal belongings or distinguishable clothing. Police are currently trying figure out the victim's identity by examining dental records.
"We don't believe it's a homeless camp-type situation," he said.
"We believe this person was purposefully placed there."
Police are still searching the inner-city neighbourhood where the victim was found, as well as landfill sites in the city, Coleman said.
In the meantime, however, they're asking anyone who may have any information related to the case to come forward. The victim does not appear to match any missing person reports.
"Circumstances like this are fairly unique, generally speaking," Coleman said.
"We're hoping that uniqueness might yield some specific information that might help investigators move forward … There's really no piece of information that's too small."
No suspects are in custody, and Coleman said investigators won't rule out anything — including organized crime — until they find out who the victim was.
Anyone who may know anything about the incident, or the victim's identity, is encouraged to call the Calgary Police's non-emergency line or Crime Stoppers.
A Calgary Search and Rescue crew scours a heavily wooded hillside next to Memorial Drive, west of the Centre Street Bridge, after the discovery of an unidentified body in the area on Wednesday, June 8. Lyle Aspinall/Postmedia Network
emcintosh@postmedia.com
Twitter.com/EmmaMci
Plane turned around hour after takeoff due to passenger refusing to wear mask on London-bound flight


11 things we learnt from Apple's Watch event
Including why the cost of the Gold Edition Watch isn't the night's big pricing shock and the one thing we hate about the new MacBook
by Marc McLaren
Follow @marc_mclaren
10 March 2015 / 5:30MYT
Apple's latest Big Event was a two-hour feast of information.
Far from just getting the full details about the Apple Watch, we were introduced to a new, and very exciting, MacBook, saw some rather cool Watch apps, met Apple's new ResearchKit scheme and lusted after the HBO Now streaming service.
Unusually for Apple it was actually a fairly tight and taut presentation, with little of the forced humour of recent events and plenty of detail to digest. And digest it is just what we've done below. So here are the 11 tastiest morsels or information we gleaned from tonight's event.
1. The gold Edition's price tag isn't the one we're shocked by
Well alright, we are somewhat shocked by it. I mean US$10,000 (~RM36,900) for a watch? But then again, some people spend £100,000 (RM556,450) on a timepiece. Some people just have too much money.
What we're more shocked by is the price of the most expensive version of the standard Apple Watch.
While the Sport edition starts at a not-too-bad US$349 (~RM1288) and the standard Watch at US$549 (RM2025), if you spec it up to the 42mm Space Black Case with Space Black Stainless Steel Link Bracelet - the all-black steel version, basically - you'll be paying US$1049 (~RM3880) for the privilege.
That's right, double the price for a swanky strap. Suddenly US$10,000 for the gold Edition doesn't seem ridiculous.
Then again, the most expensive gold Edition costs US$17.000 (~RM62720). Sheeesh!
2. You can do some really cool stuff with Watch apps
We'd already seen a fair bit about what Watch apps are capable of in the six months since the Apple Watch made its initial debut. But when Apple's vice-president of technology Kevin Lynch took to the stage to demonstate a few more, things quickly got a lot more impressive.
Lynch used his Watch to open his garage doors; he summoned an Uber car; he showed how easy it will be to pay for goods using the device; he liked an Instagram post; he checked into a hotel and even opened his hotel room door. Well, he would've if he'd actually been at the hotel.
Obviously Apple were only ever going to show off the most impressive apps and obviously some of them - opening your garage doors, for instance - will require other tech at home to make them work. But as a demonstration of what's possible, it was very impressive.
3. Apple _really_ doesn't want to see your health data
Apple's ResearchKit is an interesting new development, enabling medical researchers to utilise the iPhone's massive user base to gather data that's relevant to their study. But Apple are keen to make clear that they won't be doing anything with that data themselves.
Not only will users be able to opt in or out of trials, and choose who their data is shared with, but most importantly none of it will ever be seen by Apple. While they'll operate the platform, that's as far as their role in it will go. Peace of mind for the rightly privacy-obsessed among us.
4. Apple needs to tone down the hyperbole
We lost count of how many times Tim Cook or one of his Apple minions used the word 'reinvention' onstage today.
Apple is "reinventing the laptop" we were told. But while it's true that the new MacBook is a startlingly lovely bit of design with much wow factor, it's not exactly a reinvention is it? Ultimately it's still, um, a laptop. It has a keyboard and a screen and two halves and trackpad.
Apple is also "doing something that's never been done before" with the Apple Watch, apparently. And yes, some of Apple's new app offerings are close to revolutionary. But it's not exactly doing something that's never been done before. It's a smartwatch. It runs apps and serves up notifications and sits on your wrist telling the time. Android Wear does all of that. Maybe not as well, but sometimes Apple might want to just stop with the grand statements and just let the products be their own best advertisements.
5. Apple TV's not quite dead yet
We could still do with a proper update to the Apple TV or maybe even the much-rumoured Apple TV Set, but until then HBO Now is a nice extra.
The wealth of options available on the US cable channel is near unparalleled - frankly, we'd be happy with just Game Of Thrones - so the fact that it'll be exclusive to Apple products, on launch at least, gives people a genuine reason to invest in a little black box. Plus, the box itself will see a price cut to RM279.
The only downside? To start with at least it'll be US-only.
6. You'll now be charging two things daily
This one wasn't entirely unexpected, but when Tim Cook announced expected battery life for the Apple Watch millions of nerds worldwide still crossed their fingers and hoped for the best.
But no: it's 18hrs, or in Tim's words, "a full day" (well, he does sleep for six hours a night).
That's roughly in line with most of the rival Android Wear devices but a long way behind what the Pebble can manage (about a week), while the forthcoming Pebble Time Steel will supposedly go for 10 days.
That needn't be a major problem. We're all well used to charging our phones daily, after all. But that's now two things to juice up before bed now - and remembering to do one is often beyond us.
The first six apps you'll install on Apple Watch
See full top 10


High 20 Luxurious Car Brands In The World 2021
With a extra unique blend to the remaining their class of police vehicles have been chosen by spec ,model and durability in addition to the type of power that the Aussies are likely to want to push out from their 'pleased chap' spirits. Everything extraordinary must have an 'Alpha' and on this case a charming Alpha Romeo Police automobile to turn eyes too. This isn't nonetheless simply your average Romeo although as this particular one is a GT spec which merely spells 'Gran Turismo' which in itself ought to instantly come across as a velocity demon with the comfort of an extended drive. The producer's current brand value is estimated at a whopping $27 billion. The mannequin has been largely improved and it now offers either 2.0-liter turbodiesels, liable for 148 bhp and 187 bhp or an entry-level model with a 1.6 diesel engine and 118 bhp.
High 15 Most Beautiful Vehicles Of All Time
Designed by Ferdinand Porsche it has a high pace 193.1 kph / 120 mph and is powered upto 223.7 kw / 300 bhp @ 3400 rpm. The SSK is likely one of the most revered sports activities automobiles on the earth and this one includes a distinctively enticing body.
The Bentley Mulsanne is a luxury automotive produced by Bentley Motors within the U.K. Launched in 2010 with an influence of 505 hp / 377kW / 512PS @ 4,000rpm and speeds upto 184 mph / 296 km/h. Instead of a sporty and flashy idea, the designer selected daring colors but thenpolished them in a method that made the car look soft and calm. The Jaguar XK120 is a sports car which was manufactured by Jaguar between 1948 and 1954. Powered with a hundred and sixty bhp (119 kW; 162 PS) @ 5000 rpm and atop pace of 132.596 mph (213.393 km/h) the Jaguar XK120 is a novel traditional.
Tesla Mannequin S
the value of this automotive is claimed to be roughly $1.6 million. Somerset Polices' Atom has proven to be one off, if not the ONLY certainly one of its type which is particularly why it ranks no 1 on the listing of the best police vehicles of the world. Catch your breathe again and then take it in that Bugatti is the second quickest automotive in the world to the Koenigsegg Agera R and Dubai has it as certainly one of their toys on the police pressure. The very same car which stood an opportunity at racing a Euro Fighter Jet and are available to consider it ,apart from the Koenigsegg Agera ,it's the only different automotive that might be thought of as a fighter jet's opponent. Apart from it internet hosting some of the world's most elite and highly trained police forces on the earth, you bet they also have some of the world's greatest police automobiles of the world too. The least they would be revered for is their rides if not the fact that they're legislation enforcers who've made careers out of catching them. Other extra widespread automobiles that are in the abundance of United Kingdom police would be the Jaguar XF and Lexus Extige.
Choosing diesel was easy for Volkswagen as a result of officers declare that lower than 1% of older gas Passats have been offered within the UK up to now. When it comes to selecting solely the Top 10 automobile manufacturers in the world, this limited variety of selections can end up being subjective, by also leaving room for interpretation and controversy. There are European, American and Asian well-known automobile names that, over the years, have produced high rated automobiles. Some are considered well-liked due to their historical past in manufacturing vehicles, whereas others have been launched more or less recently, yet turn out to be widely identified for growing dependable vehicles.
It is appeared upon by many as the supreme model of all Jaguars. But whatever your view, the XK120 undoubtedly set the standard for all Jaguar sports activities vehicles to observe. The SSK mannequin was first manufactured by Mercedes-Benz between 1928 and 1932.
When we consider this automobile, the word that routinely comes to at least one's thoughts could be "Prestige" – That represents respect and admiration. Having this quantity of prime class in autos making it probably the greatest police automobiles in the world, provides lots of flexibility in any police force for that matter.


Review: "Unmistaken Child"
Matthew Lucas June 02, 2009 0 Comments
Anyone who has ever seen Martin Scorsese's vastly underrated Kundun has a basic knowledge of the beautiful mysteries that drive the religion of Buddhism. It is not necessarily a world that is easily accessible to outsiders. Buddhism is a religion steeped in tradition and mysticism that can seem very strange and even alienating to Western eyes, but in Unmistaken Child, the new documentary by Israeli director Nati Baratz, we get a revealing and unprecedented look behind the scenes at some of Buddhism's most sacred rites.
The idea of reincarnation is central to the Buddhist faith, so when Lama Konchog, a deeply revered and highly respected monk, passes away at the age of 84, his young disciple, Tenzin Zopa, sets out to find his reincarnation - the "unmistaken child" that is unquestionably the return of Lama Konchog's spirit to Earth.
Tenzin Zopa's quest leads him into the rural villages of Tibet, searching for a child whose birth fell after the death of Lama Konchong. It is a grueling journey, guided by astrology and faith and marked by one dead end after another, until at last one young candidate meets the desired qualifications.
Discovering a likely candidate, however, is only the beginning of the journey. From there, Tenzin's young protege must undergo a series of tests to determine whether or not he is the reincarnation of Lama Konchong. He will be faced with many challenges on a path that will take him to the Dalai Lama himself, and if he succeeds, he will face being separated from his parents on the path to enlightenment, as he devotes his life to the quiet study of Buddhism.
Baratz directs the film almost like a narrative feature. It is free of the usual talking heads that have come to be associated with documentaries. Instead, it simply follows the journey, taking the audience along as a casual observer - a witness to an ancient and sacred ritual that is both disarmingly beautiful and truly unforgettable.
I've said it before, but it's worth repeating - the best documentaries transport their audiences into new worlds, with an immediacy that a narrative film could never hope to achieve. Unmistaken Child is one such film. It is almost a religious experience in and of itself, one that touches the heart and stirs the soul. Baratz brilliantly crafts his film so that it never actually feels like a documentary, it feels like a living, breathing story - an epic journey that has all the ingredients of any Hollywood blockbuster - suspense, emotion, heartbreak, and ultimately, joy.
This is masterful documentary filmmaking, chronicling a once in a lifetime event with great sensitivity and pathos. There is a great and powerful beauty at work here, something almost imperceptibly beyond the tangible. What Baratz captures here is nothing short of incredible. Unmistaken Child is a wonderful and wholly unique experience that transcends mere cinema and achieves something far grander and more special. This is vibrant and extraordinary filmaking, a compelling and unforgettable look at an ancient rite that is at once intimate and breathaking. This is what documentaries are all about.
GRADE - ★★★★ (out of four)
UNMISTAKEN CHILD: Directed by Nati Baratz; Not Rated; Opens tomorrow, 6/3, at the Film Forum in Manhattan.
By Matthew Lucas posted at June 02, 2009
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People with disabilities ›
Everyday life and leisure
Sports and people with disabilities
There are local organisations that work towards improving accessibility to sports for people with disabilities. Schools also have responsibilities for access to sport for pupils with disabilities.
Support for disability sports
Disability Sport NI
Disability Sport NI is Northern Ireland's main disability sports organisation. It has over 100 member groups, made up of disability sports groups, schools and adult centres. Disability Sport NI is a limited company with charitable status.
Sport NI
Sport Northern Ireland is a public body for the development of sport in Northern Ireland.
Parasport
Parasport aims to encourage more people with disabilities to take up sport by providing information about sports and sporting opportunities in local areas.
Local sports facilities
Your local council's leisure department should have details about facilities, sports clubs and other initiatives in your area.
Many local councils work in partnership with national, regional and local sports organisations to provide opportunities for people of all ages to take part and develop their skills. Your local library should also be a good source of information.
The city of Tokyo in Japan will host the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games.
Government sports initiatives
Government wants to make sure that the number of people with disabilities in sport increases across the board - whether as a participant, trainer or administrator.
To find out about government funding, plans and initiatives in sport, visit the Department for Communities' website.
School sports and children with disabilities
School sport should be fun and attractive to all children whatever their level of skill. Physical Education (PE) and sport play an important role in school life - improving health and developing social skills.
The curriculum incorporates an 'access statement' to make sure equality of opportunity and access for all.
PE is a compulsory part of the curriculum at all Key Stages for all pupils of compulsory school age. Disability should not be a barrier to inclusion in PE or other school sport programmes.
Schools in both mainstream and special school settings should make all necessary arrangements to support young people with physical and learning disabilities to have good access to PE and sport. This includes teacher support and, where necessary, providing special equipment.
Schools and the Education Authority must also make 'reasonable adjustments' to their premises, policies and procedures to avoid disadvantaging pupils with disabilities.
More useful links
Equality Commission Northern Ireland
Everyday access


Death of Emma Aima Nawahi, 1936.
THAT GREATLY BELOVED MATRIARCH DIES
MRS. EMMA NAWAHI LEAVES THIS LIFE
SHE WAS LIVING DEBILITATED FOR A LONG TIME AND PASSED AWAY
HILO, Hawaii, Dec. 28.—In the famous history of Hawaii nei, the name Mrs. Emma Aima Nawahi will be seen and known, from when there was hair upon figure, when the town of Hilo was very young, and the trains joined the two sides of Hamakua and Puna; at 6:30 this morning she left behind this life, and Leleiwi crossed its hands behinds its back, and the earth was left the earth's, and His to Him.
At 2 in the afternoon on this coming Sunday, her funeral will be held at her home. After the funeral her body will be cremated and her ashes buried at the cemetery at Homelani.
She left behind one son, Alexander Nawahi of Hilo and three grandchildren.
When Mrs. Emma Aima Nawahi left this life, undone were the memories of the days when the alii of the land were living from this time of the new government. Mrs. Nawahi was a matriarch well known among the alii families of Hawaii nei, for her intelligence and for her becoming a leader for the lahui in those days when politics was strong, and her home in Hilo became the home of homes, the home that welcomed everyone and a place for travellers to rest.
She was part Chines, and her father was Tong Yee, and he was the very first Chinese to start growing sugarcane on the island of Hawaii, and her mother was Kahole-aua.
It was her father who first planted sugarcane on the land of Paukaa, and the first mill build on the island of Hawaii. Thereafter he entered into a partnership with John Ena Sr.
Mrs. Nawahi's husband was the Hon. Joseph K. Nawahi, a member of the legislature of Hawaii nei for 20 years or more, and he was one of the political pillars who appointed Lunalilo as King for Hawaii nei. Mr. Nawahi was a powerful force opposing annexation, and in the year 1895 he established the Hawaiian Newspaper called "Ke Aloha Aina," to express his political views.
Mrs. Nawahi was a member of the organizations Daughters of Hawaii, Kaahumanu Society, Hale o na Alii, Ahahui o na Wahine ma Hilo, a member of the Haili Church in Hilo, and so too of the American Red Cross.
(Alakai o Hawaii, 1/16/1936, p. 4)
Ke Alakai o Hawaii, Buke VIII, Helu 36, Aoao 4. Ianuali 16, 1936.
This entry was posted in Alii, Aloha Aina, Death Announcement, Legislature, Newspaper, Organizations and tagged Alexander Nawahi, Emma Aima Nawahi, John Ena Sr., Jospeh K. Nawahi, Kaholeaua, Lunalilo, Tong Yee by nupepa. Bookmark the permalink.


HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO,
Knoxville, Tenn., March 15, 1864.
Brigadier General S. G. BURBRIDGE,
Commanding District of Kentucky:
GENERAL: In accordance with instructions from the headquarters Military Division of the Mississippi, the commanding general directs that the troops in the District of Kentucky be reorganized into two division. The troops at Louisville and guarding the line of the Louisiana and Nashville Railroad south through the State of Kentucky and all west of said railroad will constitute one division, and those east of said railroad and of Louisville will constitute the other. The former will be commanded by Brigadier General Hugh Ewing, with his headquarters on the line of said railroad about midway between Louisiana and the southern boundary of the district. The commanding officer of the latter will have his headquarters with his troops. The senior of the troops garrisoning Louisville will be commander of the post of Louisiana, and will be instructed to furnish the requisite number of men to Lieutenant Colonel J. H. Hammond, commanding depot for drafted men to, guard said depot and to provide the necessary details to go forward with the drafted men to their regiments. The commanding officer of the District of Kentucky will make his headquarters at Lexington or Camp Nelson, that he may properly watch our line in the direction.
EDWARD E. POTTER,
Brigadier-General, Chief of Staff.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE OHIO,
Morristown, March 15, 1864.
Brigadier General E. E. POTTER, Chief of Staff, Knoxville:
Let the cavalry come by Strawberry Plain. The Thirty-fifth Illinois may stay at the brigade at Loudon.
By command, &c.:
J. D. COX,
Brigadier-General, Acting of Staff in the Field.
SIR: The commanding general directs me to acknowledge the receipt of yours of 13th instant, and to say that whilst it is not important that the artillery horses ordered for this department should be forwarded immediately, it is still necessary that they should be procured and kept in readiness awaiting his orders to send them. He desires that Captain Hall should be so instructed, and that a full understanding may be had with Colonel Swords on the subject. There should not be a greater delay than twenty or thirty days in getting the requisite number ready, as the commanding general regards it very important that he should be able to make his calculations upon having the stock at his disposal within that time.
Brigadier-General, Acting Chief of Staff in the Field.


Iowa State Patrol: 16-year-old boy dies in 2-car crash
Updated: 9:25 PM CST Feb 2, 2018
Alex Kirkpatrick
Police lights
Authorities are investigating a two-car crash that killed a 16-year-old Montour boy.The accident happened around 3:45 p.m. Friday about a quarter-mile south of F17, which is a couple of miles north of Grinnell, according to an Iowa State Patrol crash report.Troopers said 16-year-old Connor McCrary of Montour drifted off the road, then overcorrected his car and struck another vehicle broadside. McCrary's vehicle ended up in the ditch.The other vehicle stopped on the road, blocking part of a lane. The 47-year-old driver, from Grinnell, was taken to the hospital, but the extent of his injuries was unknown as of Friday night.The crash remains under investigation.
POWESHIEK COUNTY, Iowa —
Authorities are investigating a two-car crash that killed a 16-year-old Montour boy.
The accident happened around 3:45 p.m. Friday about a quarter-mile south of F17, which is a couple of miles north of Grinnell, according to an Iowa State Patrol crash report.
Troopers said 16-year-old Connor McCrary of Montour drifted off the road, then overcorrected his car and struck another vehicle broadside. McCrary's vehicle ended up in the ditch.
The other vehicle stopped on the road, blocking part of a lane. The 47-year-old driver, from Grinnell, was taken to the hospital, but the extent of his injuries was unknown as of Friday night.
The crash remains under investigation.


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Home / Issue 1098 / News / JTQ announce new album and special show
JTQ announce new album and special show
November 21, that's a date you may want to add to your diary a bit sharpish because those acid jazz funksters, the James Taylor Quartet, as part of the London Jazz Festival, will be playing to a (we expect) packed Cadogan Hall audience in the heart of the capital and will be accompanied on this occasion by a full orchestra.
And if that wasn't enough good news, JTQ will also be releasing new music just over a week later on November 30. The album, called 'Soundtrack from Electric Black', will be released through pace setting record label, Audio Network.
After 30-years of coming up with the goods Hammond hero, bandleader and one time Craig Charles Funk & Soul Radio 6 show listener voted Fantasy Funk Band member, James Taylor, is once again bang-on-the money with his latest project and his own brand of retro-infused, authentic rhythm driven funk. And if his last album, the groundbreaking "The Rochester Mass", which also comprised of a four-part choir, string quartet and full orchestral scores is anything to go by, Taylor's continued honing of JTQ's trademark sound will indeed be something to behold when it's partnered with the splendour of a full orchestra.
Just to add, we caught JTQ's standout set at last year's Love Supreme Festival where they wowed the primetime crowd on the main stage with their killer sounds along with Taylor's candid banter, made for one of the festival's highlights. We cannot wait to hear the band's new material along with their classics, delivered orchestra style… imagine the theme from "Starsky & Hutch" complete with strings and horns, Huggy Bear would agree that's cooooooool.
The album "Soundtrack from Electric Black" can be preordered now from all decent retailers and you can catch JTQ in action, as mentioned, at London's Cadogan Hall on November 21. Hit the 'buy now' button below to purchase your hot cakes! Sorry, I mean tickets!
Words LEE TYLER
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Paper Count: 10
Search results for: Sumeyra Sevim
10 The Effect of Probiotic Bacteria on Aflatoxin M1 Detoxification in Phosphate Buffer Saline
Authors: Sumeyra Sevim, Gulsum Gizem Topal, Mercan Merve Tengilimoglu-Metin, Mevlude Kizil
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a major toxic and carcinogenic molecule in milk and milk products. Therefore, it poses a risk for public health. Probiotics can be biological agent to remove AFM1. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of probiotic bacteria on AFM1 detoxification in phosphate buffer saline. The PBS samples artificially contaminated with AFM1 at concentration 100 pg/ml were prepared with probiotics bacteria that including monoculture (L. plantarum, B. bifidum ATCC, B. animalis ATCC 27672) and binary culture (L. bulgaricus + S. thermophiles, B. bifidum ATCC + B. animalis ATCC 27672, L. plantarum+B. bifidum ATCC, L. plantarum+ B. animalis ATCC 27672). The samples were incubated at 37°C for 4 hours and stored for 1, 5 and 10 days. The toxin was measured by the ELISA. The highest levels of AFM1 binding ability (63.6%) in PBS were detected yoghurt starter bacteria, while L. plantarum had the lowest levels of AFM1 binding ability (35.5%) in PBS. In addition, it was found that there was significant effect of storage on AFM1 binding ability in all groups except the one including B. animalis (p < 0.05). Consequently, results demonstrate that AFM1 detoxification by probiotic bacteria has a potential application to reduce toxin concentrations in yoghurt. Moreover, probiotic strains can react with itself as synergic or antagonist.
Keywords: aflatoxin M1, ELISA, probiotics, storage
9 The Effect of Inulin on Aflatoxin M1 Binding Ability of Probiotic Bacteria in Yoghurt
Authors: Sumeyra Sevim, Gulsum Gizem Topal, Mercan Merve Tengilimoglu-Metin, Banu Sancak, Mevlude Kizil
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) represents mutagenic, carcinogenic, hepatotoxic and immunosuppressive properties, and shows adverse effect on human health. Recently the use of probiotics are focused on AFM1 detoxification because of the fact that probiotic strains have a binding ability to AFM1. Moreover, inulin is a prebiotic to improve the ability of probiotic bacteria. Therefore, the aim of the study is to investigate the effect of inulin on AFM1 binding ability of some probiotic bacteria. Yoghurt samples were manufactured by using skim milk powder artificially contaminated with AFM1 at concentration 100 pg/ml. Different samples were prepared for the study as: first sample consists of yoghurt starter bacteria (L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus), the second sample consists of starter and L. plantarum, starter and B. bifidum ATCC were added to the third sample, starter and B. animalis ATCC 27672 were added to the forth sample, and the fifth sample is a binary culture consisted of starter and B. bifidum and B. animalis. Moreover, the same work groups were prepared with inulin (4%). The samples were incubated at 42°C for 4 hours, then stored for three different time interval (1,5 and 10 days). The toxin was measured by the ELISA. When inulin was added to work groups, there was significant change on AFM1 binding ability at least one sample in all groups except the one with L. plantarum (p<0.05). The highest levels of AFM1 binding ability (68.7%) in samples with inulin were found in the group which B. bifidum was added, whereas the lowest levels of AFM1 binding ability (44.4%) in samples with inulin was found in the fifth sample. The most impressive effect of inulin was found on B.bifidum. In this study, it was obtained that there was a significant effect of storage on AFM1 binding ability in the all groups with inulin except the one with L. plantarum (p<0.05). Consequently, results show that AFM1 detoxification by probiotics have a potential application to reduce toxin concentrations in yoghurt. Besides, inulin has different effects on AFM1 binding ability of each probiotic bacteria strain.
Keywords: aflatoxin M1, inulin, probiotics, storage
8 The Effect of Parameters on Production of NİO/Al2O3/B2O3/SiO2 Composite Nanofibers by Using Sol-Gel Processing and Electrospinning Technique
Authors: F. Sevim, E. Sevimli, F. Demir, T. Çalban
For the first time, nanofibers of PVA /nickel nitrate/silica/alumina izopropoxide/boric acid composite were prepared by using sol-gel processing and electrospinning technique. By high temperature calcinations of the above precursor fibers, nanofibers of NiO/Al2O3/B2O3/SiO2 composite with diameters of 500 nm could be successfully obtained. The fibers were characterized by TG/DTA, FT-IR, XRD and SEM analyses.
Keywords: nano fibers, NiO/Al2O3/B2O3/SiO2 composite, sol-gel processing, electro spinning
7 Predicting Halal Food Consumption for Muslim Turkish Immigrants Living in Germany
Authors: Elif Eroglu Hall, Nurdan Sevim
The purposes of this research are to clarify the determinants of Muslim immigrants in consuming halal food by using components of Theory of Planned Behavior. The study was done by surveying Turkish immigrants living in Cologne Germany. The results of this study show that the intentions of Muslim Turkish immigrants in consuming halal food is influenced by attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control.
Keywords: halal food, immigrants, religion, theory of planned behavior
6 Effect of the Experimental Conditions on the Adsorption Capacities in the Removal of Pb2+ from Aqueous Solutions by the Hydroxyapatite Nanopowders
Authors: Oral Lacin, Turan Calban, Fatih Sevim, Taner Celik
In this study, Pb2+ uptake by the hydroxyapatite nanopowders (n-Hap) from aqueous solutions was investigated by using batch adsorption techniques. The adsorption equilibrium studies were carried out as a function of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, temperature, and initial Pb2+ concentration. The results showed that the equilibrium time of adsorption was achieved within 60 min, and the effective pH was selected to be 5 (natural pH). The maximum adsorption capacity of Pb2+ on n-Hap was found as 565 mg.g-1. It is believed that the results obtained for adsorption may provide a background for the detailed mechanism investigations and the pilot and industrial scale applications.
Keywords: nanopowders, hydroxyapatite, heavy metals, adsorption
5 The Investigation of Precipitation Conditions of Chevreul's Salt
Authors: Turan Çalban, Fatih Sevim, Oral Laçin
In this study, the precipitation conditions of Chevreul's salt were evaluated. The structure of Chevreul's salt was examined by considering the previous studies. Thermodynamically, the most important precipitation parameters were pH, temperature, and sulphite-copper(II) ratio. The amount of Chevreul's salt increased with increasing the temperature and sulphite-copper(II) ratio at the certain range, while it increased with decreasing the pH value at the chosen range. The best solution medium for recovery of Chevreul's salt is sulphur dioxide gas-water system. Moreover, the soluble sulphite salts are used as efficient precipitating reagents. Chevreul's salt is generally used to produce the highly pure copper powders from synthetic copper sulphate solutions and impure leach solutions. When the pH of the initial ammoniacal solution is greater than 8.5, ammonia in the medium is not free, and Chevreul's salt from solution does not precipitate. In contrast, copper ammonium sulphide is precipitated. The pH of the initial solution containing ammonia for precipitating of Chevreul's salt must be less than 8.5.
Keywords: Chevreul's salt, production, copper sulfites, copper compound
4 Electrolyte Loaded Hexagonal Boron Nitride/Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibers for Lithium Ion Battery Application
Authors: Umran Kurtan, Hamide Aydin, Sevim Unugur Celik, Ayhan Bozkurt
In the present work, novel hBN/polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibers were produced via electrospinning approach and loaded with the electrolyte for rechargeable lithium-ion battery applications. The electrospun nanofibers comprising various hBN contents were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The influence of hBN/PAN ratios onto the properties of the porous composite system, such as fiber diameter, porosity, and the liquid electrolyte uptake capability were systematically studied. Ionic conductivities and electrochemical characterizations were evaluated after loading electrospun hBN/PAN composite nanofiber with liquid electrolyte, i.e., 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) (1:1 vol). The electrolyte loaded nanofiber has a highest ionic conductivity of 10−3 S cm⁻¹ at room temperature. According to cyclic voltammetry (CV) results it exhibited a high electrochemical stability window up to 4.7 V versus Li+/Li. Li//10 wt% hBN/PAN//LiCO₂ cell was produced which delivered high discharge capacity of 144 mAhg⁻¹ and capacity retention of 92.4%. Considering high safety and low cost properties of the resulting hBN/PAN fiber electrolytes, these materials can be suggested as potential separator materials for lithium-ion batteries.
Keywords: hexagonal boron nitride, polyacrylonitrile, electrospinning, lithium ion battery
3 The Chronological Changes between Law and Politics in Shi'i Understanding
Authors: Sumeyra Yakar
The idea of this research had its genesis from the writer's interest in Shi'i school and religio-political atmosphere in contemporary Iran. The research aims to identify how the past dynamics between political and legal figures and their relationship between each other affect contemporary relationship between political and religious authorities at the local and global level. It attempts to explore religio-politic Shi'i figures and their relationship with the official jurisprudence from the 15th century to the contemporary period. The mutual interaction between the opinion and acts of political figures and jurisprudential institutions enlightens the role of religious values to control the mass population. After the collapse of the Safawīd Dynasty, Shi'i believers lost their political guardian and legal independence, and the situation gave them the inspiration to create unique ideologies or political approaches to solve the governance crisis. The analysis of authoritative political figures and their scholastic contributions elucidate the connection between political powers and religious doctrines under the protection of sectarian oriented theocratic governments. Additionally, understanding the incremental influence of political (historical) Shi'i figures into religious doctrines shed lights on the chronological development of peculiar government style and authoritative hierarchy in contemporary Shi'i communities. The research as being interdisciplinary one offers to create an academic awareness between legal and political factors in Shi'i school of thought and encompasses political, religious, social, financial and cultural atmospheres of the countries in which the political figures lived. The Iranian regime enshrines the principle of vilāyāt-i faqīh (guardianship of the jurist) which enables jurists to solve the conflict between law as an ideal system, in theory, and law in practice. The paper aims to show how the religious, educational system works in harmony with the governmental authorities with the concept of vilāyāt-i faqīh in Iran and contributes to the creation of religious custom in the society. Contemporary relationship between the political figures and religious authorities in Iran will be explained by religio-legal dimensions. The methodology that will be applied by the study has been chosen in order to acquire information and deduce conclusions from the opinions of the scholars. Thus, the research method is mainly descriptive and qualitative. Three lines of description are pursued throughout the study; the explanation of political ideas belonging to the religio-political figures theoretically depending on written texts; the description of approaches adopted by contemporary Iranian and Saudi scholars relating to the legal systems (theoretically); and the explanation of the responses of governmental authorities.
Keywords: clergy ('ulamā), guardianship of the jurist (vilāyāt-i faqīh), Iran, Shi'i figures
2 Investigation of the Relationship between Digital Game Playing, Internet Addiction and Perceived Stress Levels in University Students
Authors: Sevim Ugur, Cemile Kutmec Yilmaz, Omer Us, Sevdenur Koksaldi
Aim: This study aims to investigate the effect of digital game playing and Internet addiction on perceived stress levels in university students. Method: The descriptive study was conducted through face-to-face interview method with a total of 364 university students studying at Aksaray University between November 15 and December 30, 2017. The research data were collected using personal information form, a questionnaire to determine the characteristics of playing digital game, the Internet addiction scale and the perceived stress scale. In the evaluation of the data, Mann-Whitney U test was used for two-group comparison of the sample with non-normal distribution, Kruskal-Wallis H-test was used in the comparison of more than two groups, and the Spearman correlation test was used to determine the relationship between Internet addiction and the perceived stress level. Results: It was determined that the mean age of the students participated in the study was 20.13 ± 1.7 years, 67.6% was female, 35.7% was sophomore, and 62.1% had an income 500 TL or less. It was found that 83.5% of the students use the Internet every day and 70.6% uses the Internet for 5 hours or less per day. Of the students, 12.4% prefers digital games instead of spending time outdoors, 8% plays a game as the first activity in leisure time, 12.4% plays all day, 15.7% feels anger when he/she is prevented from playing, 14.8% prefers playing games to get away from his/her problems, 23.4% had his/her school achievement affected negatively because of game playing, and 8% argues with family members due to the time spent for gaming. Students who play games on the computer for a long time were found to feel back pain (30.8%), headache (28.6%), insomnia (26.9%), dryness and pain in the eyes (26.6%), pain in the wrist (21.2%), feeling excessive tension and anger (16.2%), humpback (12.9), vision loss (9.6%) and pain in the wrist and fingers (7.4%). In our study, students' Internet addiction scale mean score was found to be 45.47 ± 16.1 and mean perceived stress scale score was 28.56 ± 2.7. A significant and negative correlation (p=0.037) was found between the total score of the Internet addiction scale and the total score of the perceived stress scale (r=-0.110). Conclusion: It was found in the study that Internet addiction and perceived stress of the students were at a moderate level and that there was a negative correlation between Internet addiction and perceived stress levels. Internet addiction was found to increase with the increasing perceived stress levels of students, and students were found to have health problems such as back pain, dryness in the eyes, pain, insomnia, headache, and humpback. Therefore, it is recommended to inform students about different coping methods other than spending time on the Internet to cope with the stress they perceive.
Keywords: digital game, internet addiction, student, stress level
1 The Connection between Qom Seminaries and Interpretation of Sacred Sources in Ja'farī Jurisprudence
Authors: Sumeyra Yakar, Emine Enise Yakar
Iran presents itself as Islamic, first and foremost, and thus, it can be said that sharī'a is the political and social centre of the states. However, actual practice reveals distinct interpretations and understandings of the sharī'a. The research can be categorised inside the framework of logic in Islamic law and theology. The first task of this paper will be to identify how the sharī'a is understood in Iran by mapping out how the judges apply the law in their respective jurisdictions. The attention will then move from a simple description of the diversity of sharī'a understandings to the question of how that diversity relates to social concepts and cultures. This, of course, necessitates a brief exploration of Iran's historical background which will also allow for an understanding of sectarian influences and the significance of certain events. The main purpose is to reach an understanding of the process of applying sources to formulate solutions which are in accordance with sharī'a and how religious education is pursued in order to become official judges. Ultimately, this essay will explore the attempts to gain an understanding by linking the practices to the secondary sources of Islamic law. It is important to emphasise that these cultural components of Islamic law must be compatible with the aims of Islamic law and their fundamental sources. The sharī'a consists of more than just legal doctrines (fiqh) and interpretive activities (ijtihād). Its contextual and theoretical framework reveals a close relationship with cultural and historical elements of society. This has meant that its traditional reproduction over time has relied on being embedded into a highly particular form of life. Thus, as acknowledged by pre-modern jurists, the sharī'a encompasses a comprehensive approach to the requirements of justice in legal, historical and political contexts. In theological and legal areas that have the specific authority of tradition, Iran adheres to Shīa' doctrine, and this explains why the Shīa' religious establishment maintains a dominant position in matters relating to law and the interpretation of sharī'a. The statements and interpretations of the tradition are distinctly different from sunnī interpretations, and so the use of different sources could be understood as the main reason for the discrepancies in the application of sharī'a between Iran and other Muslim countries. The sharī'a has often accommodated prevailing customs; moreover, it has developed legal mechanisms to all for its adaptation to particular needs and circumstances in society. While jurists may operate within the realm of governance and politics, the moral authority of the sharī'a ensures that these actors legitimate their actions with reference to God's commands. The Iranian regime enshrines the principle of vilāyāt-i faqīh (guardianship of the jurist) which enables jurists to solve the conflict between law as an ideal system, in theory, and law in practice. The paper aims to show how the religious, educational system works in harmony with the governmental authorities with the concept of vilāyāt-i faqīh in Iran and contributes to the creation of religious custom in the society.
Keywords: guardianship of the jurist (vilāyāt-i faqīh), imitation (taqlīd), seminaries (hawza), Shi'i jurisprudence