by Mike Husleag , on February 1, 2006, 09:59
by Alina Moore, on November 30, 2005, 17:01
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Volvo S80 Generations:
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by Mike Husleag , on Posted on February 1, 2006, 09:59
Volvo is now unveiling the first pictures of the all new Volvo S80. The S80 makes its entry onto the market with a dynamic design language, firm focus on premium comfort, smooth driving properties and world-class safety.
Read the full 2006 Volvo S80 review
2006 Volvo S80 photos (10) / videos (4)
Latest Volvo S80 news and reviews:
Volvo's New Era will Include New Names for all Models
September 5, 2014 17:00 by Ciprian Florea
The second-generation Volvo XC90 came with a bang in August 2014. Redesigned from the ground up, the SUV ditched the first-gen's dated image for a stunning, new exterior looks and an ultra-luxurious interior that are about to spread across the company's entire lineup. And it seems a few Volvo products will shift to brand-new nameplates in the process, if we are to believe a report coming from Dutch paper De Telegraaf.
Specifically, Volvo is has decided that the next-generation S80 sedan, V70 wagon and XC70 crossover need not just makeovers, but new names too. And all three will be launched within the 90-Series family. The range-topping sedan will switch to S90, the station wagon will become the V90, while the XC70 will be renamed V90 Cross Country. The motivation behind this decision is that all three vehicles will grow bigger and include even more luxury amenities, De Telegraaf adds.
Also in the mix, per reports, is an entry-level 40-Series lineup and a mid-range 60-Series line. Within these series will be S sedans, V wagons and XC SUVs. There is also the chance for slightly heavier-duty Cross Country versions of the V40 and V60 wagons.
There's no official information when these new vehicles will arrive, but rumor has it the S90 is scheduled to debut in late 2015. The sedan will reportedly be followed by a coupe version and long-wheelbase S90 L for the Chinese market. Volvo will launch new-generation models of its entire lineup by 2017.
Click past the jump to read more about the Volvo XC90
2015 Volvo XC60 and S80 Inscription Package
March 31, 2014 16:00 by Ciprian Florea
When talking about Volvo, safety is the first thing that comes to mind. The Swedes have been one step ahead, as far as safety is concerned, for decades now. But Volvo is more than that. Although it lags behind the German premium automakers like Mercedes-Benz, BMW and Audi in terms of sales, the Chinese-owned brand's lineup is as luxurious as it gets.
With the U.S. having remained Volvo's largest market in 2013, the automaker is bound to look toward improving its position in North America. Its first steps were the 2015 V60 station wagon and the introduction of the new Drive-E engine family, but now the Swedes have announced that the S80 sedan and XC60 crossover will receive an even more luxurious package for the 2015 model year.
Dubbed Inscription, the new range-topping trim level take the aforementioned vehicles up a notch by wrapping the interior in Sovereign Hide soft leather upholstery and adding a few more premium features inside and out. The exterior options, for instance, will include three extra body colors (White Pearl, Electric Silver and Ember Black) and 19-inch wheels for the S80 and 20-inch rollers for the XC60, both with a ten-spoke design.
Click past the jump to read more about the Volvo XC60 & S80 Inscription Package.
August 2, 2013 15:00 by Kirby Garlitos
Volvo is one of those automakers that rarely makes a splash in the auto scene. Unless it comes out with a concept - a feat in itself - it's usually content with just sitting out of the spotlight and producing cars that are known for their fuel efficiency and safety.
That being said, we still have to give due attention to the automaker, especially when it decided to roll out a bevy of new models for nearly its entire product line.
One of these models is the new S80, the Swedish automaker's luxury sedan. Previous versions didn't really inspire a whole lot of interest from the market, but that doesn't mean that the new S80 doesn't come with some interesting new features about it that could make it a safe choice for a luxury model.
We certainly see some merits on the new S80. Sure, there are some things we don't like about it too, but with a brand like Volvo, the case is always the customer taking what he can get.
Updated 08/02/2013: Volvo announced today that the 2014 S80 luxury sedan starts at $39,900. Click past the jump to see all of the pricing details.
Find out more about the 2013 Volvo S80 after the jump
Volvo putting V70 and V8 Sedans on the chopping block
March 25, 2010 15:44 by Alexander
Volvo seems to be trimming the fat in regards to their product lineup. A leaked Volvo product update shows the elimination of some models while others receive modifications that Volvo hopes will fill the void. The first model to go was the S80 V8 whose orders have already ceased. The S80 V6 will be supercharged to 300hp and 325lb-ft of torque to make up for the disappearing act of the V8.
In addition, Volvo will be dropping the 168hp and 170lb-ft 2.4i engine that was offered in the S40 and V50 and only offering the models in the higher powered T5 engine with a 227hp and 236 lb-ft engine. The models will still maintain the combined fuel economy rating of 24mpg. The T5 will also only be available in FWD with an automatic transmission powertrain.
The biggest change happening at Volvo is the elimination of the V70. The launch of the 2011 models will bring an updated model of the XC70 who has outsold the V70 every year since 2000. The XC70 will now include a FWD model eliminating the key reason consumers chose the V70 over the XC70.
Final production for the eliminated models will be on May 14, 2010 with a projected sales rundown at the end of the 3rd quarter.
As we close yet another chapter in car history, we must wonder where the original, reliable wagons of yesteryear have gone. Volvo seemed to have the market cornered in the wagon department and, with a foul societal swoop, has decided to join the ranks of the high-powered SUVs. Is this a decision that will make the Volvo rise in status or break the spirit that once was? You decide.
Follow the jump to see the leaked Volvo product update.
2010 Volvo V70 and S80 DRIVe
February 2, 2010 14:00 by Alina Moore
Volvo has added today a new diesel version for the V70 and S80. The new DRIVe models have a fuel consumption of just 4.5 l/100 km and a CO2 emissions below 120 g/km.
The new models are equipped with a 1.6-liter diesel engine that deliver a total of 109 hp and maximum torque is 240 Nm mated to a manual gearbox.
Press release after the jump.
February 26, 2009 09:22 by Alina Moore
Volvo will unveil at the Geneva Motor Show the refreshed S80. Sales will begin in spring 2009.
The S80 will be powered by an entirely new twin-turbo five-cylinder 2.4-litre turbodiesel. The new D5 engine offers 205 hp, 420 Nm of torque over a very wide range of engine revs. Fuel consumption (EU combined) is only 6.2 l/100 km (164g/km) - a record-low figure for a car of this size and performance level. This state-of-the-art engine delivers all the fun without the headache.
The refreshed S80 is also available with an upgraded Euro 4-compliant 2.4-litre diesel engine with 175 hp, 420 Nm of torque, fuel consumption (EU Combined) at 5.8 l/100 km and CO2 emissions of 154 g/km (preliminary figures).
2009 Volvo S80L
November 10, 2008 18:05 by Alina Moore
Volvo presented in China the S80L, the long wheelbase version of the popular S80 sedan. The S80L has been specially designed and will be locally produced in China.
The S80L is specially designed for Chinese consumers, with larger and more comfortable rear seat space. In addition, the S80L boasts top-level features and equipment. Volvo's world-leading innovative technology, guarantees premium appointments, a comfortable driving experience and unsurpassed safety. The S80L targets successful mature achievers who have a strong sense of responsibility for their families and the society.
The S80L shares all the features and qualities of the S80 sedan and it exceeds its sibling by being 14 cm longer and all this extra length appears in the rear seat creating an outstanding comfort for the passengers. The popularity of the S80 sedan has set a solid foundation for the introduction of the S80L in China. Volvo believe S80L's world leading safety technology, premium quality, and luxurious design will give it powerful market competitiveness and win the S80L a significant share of the luxury car segment in China.
Flexifuel engine for Volvo V70 and S80
May 13, 2008 11:35 by Alina Moore
The Volvo V70 andS80 are now also available with a five-cylinder, 2.5-litre turbocharged Flexifuel engine with a power output of 200 hp and 300 Nm of torque.
Fuel consumption (EU combined) for the new 2.5-litre Flexifuel version is 9.2 l/100 km (V70 and S80) with the manual gearbox and 10.2 l/100 km (V70) and 10.1 l/100 km (S80) with the automatic gearbox.
The Flexifuel cars can run on E85 bioethanol or 95-octane unleaded petrol - or any mix of these two fuels. Due to its lower energy content, fuel consumption when running on E85 is 30-40 percent higher than when running on petrol. The exact difference depends on variables such as driving style, exterior temperature and variations in the fuel specification.
The Flexifuel variants of the Volvo S40, V50 and C30 have a four-cylinder 1.8-litre naturally aspirated engine, the 1.8F, which produces 125 hp (92 kW) and 165 Nm of torque.
All engines and other relevant components have been adapted for driving on E85 through a number of modifications.
2009 Volvo S80 and XC90 Executive Edition
April 10, 2008 09:48 by Alina Moore
Volvo's most exclusive cars guarantee discreet Scandinavian luxury designed to appeal to all one's senses. For model year 2009 the aura is reinforced still further through a unique combination of massage and ventilation functions in the front seats along with a range of enhanced materials and trim details.
The engine alternatives in the Volvo S80 and XC90 Executive encompass a wide range of powerful and energy-efficient power-plants that provide a high-class driving experience. There is a powerful V8 engine, the swift T6 turbo and Volvo's high-efficiency in-line six-cylinder petrol engine with a displacement of 3.2 litres. There is also the very latest generation of D5 diesel engines offering a superb alternative for customers looking for diesel power under the bonnet.
What is more, model year 2009 of the Volvo S80 Executive is now also available with Volvo's new 2.5-litre turbocharged Flexifuel engine that can run on either bioethanol or petrol or any combination of the two. All the engines are extremely compact and are installed transversely for optimum safety and maximum passenger space. All the engines are mated to a six-speed automatic transmission engineered to handle the massive power available in these cars. The Volvo S80 Executive is also available with Volvo's AWD (All-Wheel Drive) featuring Instant Traction for extra comfort, driving pleasure and safety. The Volvo XC90 Executive features four-wheel drive as standard.
2008 Volvo XC70 and S80 Winter Edition
January 22, 2008 14:53 by Alina Moore
Volvo's Scandinavian heritage and industry-leading test framework create the foundations for the world's safest winter properties. Customers should be able to rely on Volvo everywhere. Irrespective of climate and road conditions. That is why Volvo's cars are tested under the most extreme conditions found on this planet. In Arizona's blisteringly hot desert and in the biting cold of the Arctic north.
2008 Volvo S80 Executive
January 3, 2008 00:00 by Alina Moore
Quiet beauty, rather than flashy bling. That is the essence of Swedish luxury. Designer entrepreneur and trend analyst Mathilda Tham jumps in a Volvo S80 Executive to go looking for the roots of Swedish style - and ends up in nature and tranquility.
2007 Volvo S80 by Heico
October 30, 2007 14:00 by Alina Moore
Five years, five cars. As a commemoration to Volvo's fifth straight year at the annual Specialty Equipment Market Association (SEMA) tradeshow, the Swedish manufacturer will show five highly modified versions of its vehicles.
2008 Volvo S80 High Performance Concept
September 10, 2007 18:00 by Alina Moore
German tuning and motor sport experts Heico Sportiv has developed a spectacular high-performance version of the Volvo S80. With a high-tech aluminium-look exterior and a 350 hp bioethanol engine, the S80 High Performance Concept is destined to be a true attention-grabber at the SEMA show in Las Vegas.
July 28, 2007 18:00 by Alina Moore
The all new Volvo S80 is the second generation of Volvo's large prestige sedan, launched at the Geneva motor show in the spring of 2006. The new S80 model is a luxurious car with an elegant and dynamic profile influenced by modern Scandinavian design.
Volvo announces pricing of its 2008 model lineup
June 5, 2007 04:00 by Alina Moore
Volvo has announced today pricing for its 2008 model year lineup. The 2008 Volvo vehicle line has undergone enhancements to its model mix along with the introduction of the exciting C30. Other highlights include the addition of the new T6 turbocharged engine in the S80 luxury sedan, while the S40 sport sedan and V50 sportwagon receive major appearance updates and a bump in horsepower from 218 to 227.
Later in 2007 Volvo will announce pricing for the all-new V70 and XC70 wagons. (...)
Volvo S80 gets T6 turbo and D5 diesel with AWD
May 8, 2007 09:25 by Blas Nicusor
The Volvo S80 is now available with the six-cylinder, 285 hp T6 performance engine with All Wheel Drive that was first introduced in the all-new Volvo V70 in March 2007. Another new power train combination for the S80 is the 185 D5 turbo diesel with AWD.
"The T6 engine adds an extra dimension to the S80 engine range," says Hans Wikman, Vice President Vehicle Line Large Cars at Volvo Cars. "The engine has been programmed to provide the highest possible performance with the (...)
Volvo S80 - 2007 AutoMundo Magazine Car of the Year
March 23, 2007 22:00 by Alina Moore
AutoMundo, the nation's premier Spanish-language automotive enthusiast publication, today named the all-new Volvo S80 as its 2007 Car of the Year. The prestigious accolade which appears in the magazine's April issue, follows the S80's recent debut in the U.S. marketplace and echoes what others are saying about Volvo's first V8-powered luxury sedan.
The S80 was selected for its revolutionary design, dynamic and youthful driving attributes and Volvo's legendary safety systems. "The new 2007 (...)
All Wheel Drive and six cylinders for the Volvo S80
November 29, 2006 10:29 by Blas Nicusor
Also the six-cylinder models of the new Volvo S80 can from now on be equipped with Volvo's intelligent All Wheel Drive system.
Electronically controlled hydraulics and automatic distribution of engine power between the front and rear wheels mean the car's performance capability can be exploited effectively whatever the road conditions.
The result is increased driving pleasure and enhanced stability.
The World's Most Beautiful Automobile for 2006
November 6, 2006 22:00 by Alina Moore
The 14th edition of "L'Automobile più Bella del Mondo" competition took place at the Arena Civica in Milan, Italy, on 27th October. And the winners were: City cars and compact cars Mini Cooper Mid-size hatchback cars Volvo C30 Mid-size sedans Volvo S80 Limousine Bentley Continental GTC Coupe (...)
Volvo S80 won the "Autorevue Award"
The new Volvo S80 has won the "Autorevue Award", the most important car award in Austria. Based on the readers' choice of the car magazine "Autorevue", the best selling car magazine in Austria, the new Volvo S80 was number one in the sedan category.
Over 40,000 readers voted for cars in a number of different classes. The new S80 won its category by the largest margin of all. The S80 received 35.7 percent of the votes, ahead of the Citroën C6 (17.1 percent) and the Lexus IS (16.8 percent).
The (...)
Volvo S80 pricing announced
All New Volvo S80 3.2 I6 priced from $38,705 All New Volvo S80 V8 priced from $47,350
"The all new Volvo S80 is very aggressively priced in its segment while offering the latest in terms of safety, technology, design and performance," says Anne Bélec, president and CEO, Volvo Cars of North America. "This all new car represents Volvo's on-going commitment to offering outstanding value in the premium segment." The all new S80, Volvo's flagship sedan, enters the very (...)
Volvo S80 helps to ease security worries
July 3, 2006 10:42 by Alina Moore
The all new S80is Volvo's leading-edge product in terms of safety. The model incorporates the latest technology both as regards safe driving and personal security. "Safety is not just a matter of avoiding accidents, explains Silvia Güllsdorf, business project manager for the all new Volvo S80. "In an increasingly insecure world, safety also extends to control over our immediate environment, both at home and in the car." The all new Volvo S80 comes with a unique optional feature in the form of (...)
2007 Volvo S80 Executive Edition
The all new Volvo S80, which was introduced in late January, will also be launched during the year as a prestigious Executive model. Unique details and a very rich content are indications of the ambition of Volvo Cars to reinforce its position in the prestige segment.
Volvo S80 unveiled at Geneva Motor Show
The all new Volvo S80 is the flagship of the Volvo sedan line, a completely new luxury car with elegant styling, two highly sophisticated new engine choices, a long list of breakthrough safety technologies and a premium driving experience — all packaged in an aura of 'Scandinavian luxury.'
Volvo Car Corporation anticipates sales of about 50,000 new S80 cars annually. North America will be the largest market.
With its clean, elegant lines and dynamic profile, the second generation Volvo S80 (...)
February 1, 2006 09:59 by Mike Husleag
Last year Volvo updated and upgraded its flagship S80 with more than 700 changes, improving the ride, handling and cabin quietness and generally raising the level of refinement. So overall the 2005 version reflects mostly only adjustments to the options, however there are big changes to the actual model lineup and major component availability.
This is the horse power for 2006 Volvo S80.
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Chicago Academy of Interdisciplinary Dentofacial Therapy
Excellence in Dentistry thru Teamwork & Vision
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Irena Sailer
Irena Sailer, D.D.S.
Irena Sailer received her Dr. med. dent. Degree from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany, in 1998. In 2003 Dr. Sailer became an assistant professor at the Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Sciences in Zurich, and since 2010 she has been an associate professor at the same clinic. Since 2013 she has been the Head of the Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials at the University of Geneva.
In 2007 Dr. Sailer was a Visiting Scholar at the Department of Biomaterials and Biomimetics, Dental College, New York University. Additionally, since 2009 she holds an adjunct associate professorship at the Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, Robert Schattner Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. She is a Specialist for Prosthodontics in the Swiss Society for Reconstructive Dentistry and was awarded a Certificate in Oral Implantology by the Swiss Society for Dentistry. From 2002 to 2012 Irena Sailer received nine research grants, and in 2008 she and John L. Ricci were granted a patent for metallic dental implants and prosthetic appliances having colored ceramic surfaces.
Fixed Reconstructions Today: New Materials and New Technology-Improved Outcomes
There is an increasing use of ceramic materials for fabricating tooth-and implant-supported reconstructions. Advantages of all-ceramic materials over the traditional metal ceramics include their tooth-resembling color and enamel-like translucency. The main limitation of ceramics is their brittleness which presents a fracture risk. To reduce this risk, ceramics with increased stability such as high-strength ceramic zirconia tooth and implant reconstructions have been developed.
For the processing of zirconia, numerous CAD/CAM manufacturing procedures are available today. For these fabrication procedures, clinical and technical factors (tooth preparation, design of the abutment or framework, and cementation) are important for the clinical long-term success of ceramic reconstructions. With the aid of these new materials, recent treatments, allow for comprehensive restorative patient care.
Learning objectives include today's treatment concepts and indications, the most suitable type of restoration and material, preparation and cementation guidelines, and the benefits and limitations of digital dentistry.
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Ethnography: Doing research with young people outside of education and employment
Lisa Russell
Department of Education and Community Studies
School of Education and Professional Development
Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Other chapter contribution
This case explores the issues involved when doing a three-year ethnography with 24 not in employment, education, or training (NEET) young people in the North of England. Young people not in employment, education or training are not a static, homogeneous group. For most, being not in employment, education, or training is a temporary state as they move between different forms of participation and nonparticipation. The ethnography aimed to understand what life was like for these young people as they existed outside of education and employment spheres, as well as how and why they moved between them. The ethnography was largely led by the young people themselves in terms of when and where fieldwork took place. Fieldwork consequently occurred across multiple sites and incorporated multiple research ...
SAGE Research Methods Cases
Russell, L. (2018). Ethnography: Doing research with young people outside of education and employment. In SAGE Research Methods Cases SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526427694
Russell, Lisa. / Ethnography : Doing research with young people outside of education and employment. SAGE Research Methods Cases. SAGE Publications, 2018.
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abstract = "This case explores the issues involved when doing a three-year ethnography with 24 not in employment, education, or training (NEET) young people in the North of England. Young people not in employment, education or training are not a static, homogeneous group. For most, being not in employment, education, or training is a temporary state as they move between different forms of participation and nonparticipation. The ethnography aimed to understand what life was like for these young people as they existed outside of education and employment spheres, as well as how and why they moved between them. The ethnography was largely led by the young people themselves in terms of when and where fieldwork took place. Fieldwork consequently occurred across multiple sites and incorporated multiple research ...",
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AB - This case explores the issues involved when doing a three-year ethnography with 24 not in employment, education, or training (NEET) young people in the North of England. Young people not in employment, education or training are not a static, homogeneous group. For most, being not in employment, education, or training is a temporary state as they move between different forms of participation and nonparticipation. The ethnography aimed to understand what life was like for these young people as they existed outside of education and employment spheres, as well as how and why they moved between them. The ethnography was largely led by the young people themselves in terms of when and where fieldwork took place. Fieldwork consequently occurred across multiple sites and incorporated multiple research ...
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Russell L. Ethnography: Doing research with young people outside of education and employment. In SAGE Research Methods Cases. SAGE Publications. 2018 https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526427694


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Algiers Talks Resisting Trump, Fascism & the Need for 'Militant Politics'
6/23/2017 by Chris Payne
Joe Dilworth
Ryan Mahan, Franklin James Fisher, Lee Tesche and Matt Tong of Algiers.
The band released its sophomore LP 'The Underside of Power' today (June 23).
Algiers was signed by longstanding indie rock powerhouse Matador Records before ever playing a show.
Suddenly, their post-punk-gospel salvos could reach people outside their trans-Atlantic email chain, the signal boost leading to 2015's self-titled debut and affirmation that vocalist Franklin James Fisher, guitarist Lee Tesche, and bassist Ryan Mahan could stare down the onslaught of relentless capitalism, murderous cops, and civilian-killing drone strikes in a live setting, too. This was all before Brexit, President Donald Trump, and the sudden woke-ness much of the population was jolted into.
Still, on Algiers' staggering sophomore album, the quartet -- now officially including former Bloc Party drummer Matt Tong -- isn't dousing its lyrics with names from Twitter's trending topics. "It's important not to be topical writer," Fisher explains over burgers and drinks at an innocuous SoHo brunch spot. "The motivations behind it are a bit dubious sometimes and it borderlines on being a gimmick." The Underside of Power is more concerned with themes that have defined socio-political strife for centuries, particularly the struggles of the disadvantaged many against the mighty few. "Power's not total, and if you work together, it can crumble pretty easily," Mahan says.
The topics are heavy, and no, Algiers do not fit in easily with most of the decidedly less-political indie rock world. But that's not to say hanging out with Algiers is like office hours with your professor. At one point, "Layla" blares on the restaurant speakers, to Fisher's groan of, "I hate this song" and Mahan's "F-ck Eric Clapton," referencing less-than-savory moments from the guitarist's past. The multi-racial band is well aware of the exploitation and appropriation guitar music has indulged over the years; not only do they bring rock back to the revolution, they make it sound bafflingly unidentifiable, unlike much of anything on the circuit today. The new album was co-produced by Portishead's Adrian Utley and Ali Chant, with post-production from The Men's Ben Greenberg and mixing from Sunn O)))'s Randall Dunn. Experimental rock input abounds, while it also claims influence in '90s Atlanta hip-hop, '70s soul, and zombie film soundtracks. Great as it is, it's a lot to process without hearing from Algiers themselves.
Here are the highlights from our lengthy conversation with Fisher and Mahan.
What's it been like adding Matt Tong as an official member, especially to a band with such established viewpoints on the world?
Franklin James Fisher: It's funny. Matt has been touring with us since before the first record came out… For the vast majority of the existence of Algiers as a live band, Matt's been involved. He's such a good guy and he's such a good friend, I feel like I've known him just as long as I've known Lee and Ryan. It's totally natural.
Ryan Mahan: He's a really wonderful person. He's had success in his career, but you don't get that from him. He has no ego, puts on no airs, and he's also a really talented guy.
FJF: I'll still forget sometimes [that he was in Bloc Party]. It's crazy. I'll be at the gym listening to my headphones and "Like Eating Glass" will come on and I'll be like, holy sh-t, I'm in a band with this guy.
RM: He's an artist and you get a sense that sometimes he's able to express that with us. You really get the sense that Matt is actually getting more and more artistic, flying his freak flag… He's also a political person. People don't recognize that Matt is political.
When your label rep first played "The Underside of Power" for me and a few others at Billboard, we were all like, "This is the first Algiers song in a major key!" How'd that happen?
FJF: Never let anyone tell you Ryan Mahan can't write major key music; he can do anything if he wants to! He wrote that part.
While everyone went away and was demo-ing things, we made a shared folder and uploaded what we'd been working on. Ryan had the demo for what became "Underside," but Lee also had a demo that turned into it. They'd essentially written really similar Northern soul-inspired songs in the same key, basically the same BPM. When I heard them they just sounded like compliments, like a Lennon-McCartney thing.
RM: I wanted to do something that was super referential to Suicide as well. Most of their music is notoriously intense, but it's mostly major key. It made sense to me to inject a different vibe to it. Also, the other thing to remember -- it's a false major.
FJF: The operation of relative minor -- the chorus starts on the major but it still resolves on a minor.
RM: [Laughs] It still functions in a minor! But it does lift you up.
FJF: This record, we wanted to emphasize the hope that may have been lost on a lot of people on that first album. I don't want to get ahead of ourselves here, but a lot of what this album's about is this sense of purpose and hope and drive in spite of the impending apocalypse, symbolic or otherwise. A lot of songs on this record touch on those themes. A major influence on this record, thematically, was The Plague by Camus. There's at least five or six songs that deal with those concepts.
RM: It's really interesting because we only specifically referenced specifically it on "Mme Rieux" but it does come up a lot, with the contagion, the way the capital operates, the insidious way it controls and manifests itself… what was the question?
We were riffing on "Underside."
RM: The record itself [concerns] coming to terms with impossibility and going one of two ways: you can be completely cynical -- nothing's gonna change -- or you can find some sort of hope in that impossibility. It's quite philosophical but at the same time it's really powerful to say despite all the odds, we're still going to push forward.
In terms of Trump, Brexit, and other big societal issues that play a role in the album, where along the timeline were these songs written?
FJF: Ryan wrote "Mme Rieux" when he came to visit me when I was living in France and he was in grad school in London in 2006. That existed in various incarnations before this record. Generally, the songs were written between Brexit and Trump. That's a nice bookmark. It's more nuanced than that obviously. "Cleveland," for example, was written about a year prior to us going into the studio.
RM: Our music is usually not directly relational to what's happening. We're not a "current events band." We analyze structures and institutional power and that provides a critique no matter who's in power. It just happened to be a particularly bleak point in time for people living in Britain and the United States... The way that Franklin writes lyrics is amazing because it's, at once, direct and oblique. So you can pull from it so many different meanings, even on a political level.
FJF: I think the best "political music" is usually written from that same sort of standpoint. Bob Dylan is my favorite lyricist, in rock music anyway, and you can just mull over his lyrics for hours and they can speak directly to your current political situation and you still won't ever know for sure what he's talking about… [1963's] "Masters of War" is one of the greatest political songs ever. It's important not to be a topical writer, because usually people that do that, the motivations behind it are a bit dubious sometimes and it borderlines on being a gimmick.
RM: It can be a part of an album campaign. This is not to question anybody's politics, but if you think about the Green Day record, American Idiot, it was very much a part of an entire campaign. There's a fine line to walk and we always recognize that.
Do you think a lot of musicians -- because Trump -- are just starting to get political?
FJF: Yeah, I do. And I don't think that's necessarily a bad thing, but I think it is necessary to differentiate us from any sort of spirit that would be "of the day." For the aforementioned reasons, we don't want to come across as exploitative, disingenuous or opportunistic because the current political situation presents itself. That's not what we do.
RM: We wrote the first album throughout the Obama years. We criticize and critique anyone who's occupying positions of power. In terms of other musicians, we can't really speak to it, but it doesn't mean it's bad. The more people that are actually politicized, the better. At the end of the day, I would rather people be politicized than not. However fleeting that may be, sometimes people who are engaged in a longer term analysis of the issues of the day -- that's sometimes their responsibility to maintain that: Okay, well how about this? What happens now? It's not just Trump.
Trump, as grotesque as he is, is a difficult character to address, because he's so ridiculous. If you grow up using logic and challenging, say Obama's drone strikes, you can rationalize and argue against it. But with Trump, he's so absurd. Sometimes it's hard to find an entry point and I find myself going back to when I first got into punk rock --just being, "F-ck Trump." It functions really well, because it's direct and he doesn't deserve a rational critique. He deserves to be cast away.
Ryan, I've read that you also work in fighting human trafficking. What's that like?
RM: We work with unaccompanied children, so in the UK that's places like Afghanistan, Syria, Eritrea, Iraq, all those places. Even though the UK has brutal immigration policies as well, so they don't really support or care for that many refugees or asylum seekers. We fight against trafficking on a legal level. One of my goals in the organization is to change UK law, so that it better protects refugees and trafficked children. You'd think that's normal and that makes sense, but because they're so focused on immigration, they discriminate against trafficked children who weren't born in the UK, more than they do UK children. So we have to really focus on changing systems, changing laws. I work mostly with boys who've been brought over from Vietnam and are forced to grow marijuana, usually locked in a house, don't speak the language, always exposed to noxious fumes and horrible lighting… Then the police raid and arrest them and put them in jail. So we do a lot with the police to get them to understand they're victims of crime, rather than perpetrators of crime.
For the next few years -- as ordinary citizens or with Algiers -- what are some realistic goals for things you'd like to change in the world around you?
FJF: I'd like to see New York City reclaim its soul from the super wealthy. I'm talking about New York because I'm thinking locally and I think people really need to start engaging with their local communities on a very basic level, to see what they can do to change the misery around them. The way the status quo thrives is by convincing people they're powerless and they can't change anything. People buy into that, so they just become disaffected.
This is happening in every major city: you have luxury condos being put up on every corner, but the number of working homeless keeps going up, which is obscene. The majority of these condos go uninhabited. They're like blue chips for millionaires that will never step foot in them. It just drives up prices of living for everyone. That needs to stop.
RM: I'd like to see a continuation and further development of militant politics, because I think politics require militancy to shift things. If you can shift -- even a discursive shift, the way people talk about things -- it's really important, to shift it to the left. That's really important to me. There are a lot of bands that are doing that.
The Jacobin, for example, is a very popular publication. Black Lives Matter comes from a similar place as the [Black] Panthers. They're taking a more militant approach. In the UK, it's actually happening now with the Labour Party… They came out with a manifesto that asserts all these things we've been talking about: free tuition, nationalizing the railways, and that's been shifting the discourse. It's important to challenge this malaise. Like the Democratic Party -- what the f-ck? What they've done to Bernie Sanders.
FJF: They played themselves. And I don't think they realize that yet. Still.
RM: I read something the other day, Bernie Sanders is the most popular politician in the United f-cking States. The dupes and the idiots in the party did everything they could do to get rid of him.
FJF: The United F-cking States. That's the name for the third album!
For now, Algiers' second album, The Underside of Power, is available on Matador Records.


Home / Family Tree Premium Articles / How-Tos & Tutorials / Genealogy Fun / Social History / History of Voting
History of Voting
David A. Fryxell November 4, 2008 updated on August 18, 2017
Did your ancestor support his or her candidate by tossing a rock in a bucket, writing on a color-coded ballot or pulling a lever?
When you vote this Election Day, whether you lean to donkeys or elephants, you'll assume the ballot will be prepared by election officials, you'll make a mark or punch a hole or pull a lever, and your ballot will be secret.
But these practices would surprise most of our ancestors. The first election fitting those three criteria was only 150 years ago, in Australia, and didn't happen in the US until 30 years after that.
Ostrakas, ballots and voice votes
The world's first votes were cast as early as 508 BC in ancient Athens. Officials were chosen by lottery, and voting was negative: Politicians' names were inscribed on pieces of broken pots—ostrakas, the root of our word ostracize—and if any received more than 6,000 votes, the "winner" was exiled for 10 years.
Positive voting wouldn't catch on until 13th-century Venice, which elected a 40-member Great Council. Back when, citizens cast their votes with colored balls. The word ballot derives from the Italian ballota for "ball."
One alternative was voice voting. Voters would take an oath—much of early America lacked voter registration—and then announce their votes. Election clerks would record these voice votes, a system that persisted in some locales into the 1860s.
Paper ballots
In the United States, paper ballots were first used in 1629, to select a church pastor in Salem, Mass. At first, voters supplid scraps of paper. As political parties grew, however, partisans began printing ballots to make supporting their candidates easier. You could depart from the party line by crossing out a name and writing in the opponent—although tightly printed, barely legible partisan ballots made this almost impossible by the 1880s.
In urban areas, ballots were printed on colored paper, so poll watchers could easily tell how people voted (in a transparent ballot box, meant to avoid stuffing).
Secret voting
William Robinson Boothby (1829-1903), an Australian electoral commissioner and sheriff, pioneered officially preprinted ballots cast in secret. In 1856, the Australian ballot required voters to strike through the names of unwanted candidates. But in 1858, ballots instructed voters to make "a cross within the square opposite the name [of] the candidate for whom he intends to vote." The modern ballot was born—and cast.
Boothby's ballot caught on slowly in the United States, but the disputed presidential election of 1876 gave impetus to reform. In 1892, Grover Cleveland became the first president elected in part with Australian ballots. The old party-printed ballots persisted in pockets of America, however: As late as 1940, Delaware and South Carolina still used partisan ballots.
Levers and scanners
Newfangled technology began to replace paper ballots even as the Australian system spread. First came the lever voting machine, whose clicking and whooshing remains the sound of democracy for many Americans who came of age in the 20th century. The Myers Automated Booth was designed to "protect mechanically the voter from rascaldom, and make the process of casting the ballot perfectly plain, simple and secret." First used in Lockport, NY, in 1892, lever voting machines were standard in every major US city by 1930.
Lever machines went out of production in 1982, however, and by 2004 represented only 14 percent of American voting. Several technologies supplanted them, beginning with the "mark-sense scanning" originally used for standardized testing. In 1962, Kern City, Calif., became the first to use optical mark-sense ballots; the system to scan them weighed 15,000 pounds. By 2004, optical scan ballots accounted for 35 percent of US votes, more than any other system.
How the chad got its start
The punched-card machine was patented by Herman Hollerith in 1889, but wasn't applied to voting for decades. The Harris Votomatic company patented a punch-card voting machine in 1965. Its descendant was involved in the 2000 Florida "hanging chad" controversy; punched-card votes dropped from 31 percent to 13 percent of US ballots by 2004.
Direct recording
The latest wrinkle in voting technology, with nearly 30 percent of 2004 ballots, is the direct recording machine—an electronic twist on the old lever machine. The first direct-recording machine, the Video Voter, was used in Illinois elections in 1975.
Our ancestors would be amazed to see us voting by computer, with official ballots cast affirmatively and in secret. But not every change represents progress, of course: You never heard of the Athenians having problems with "hanging ostrakas."
1789: Constitution empowers states to set voting rights; most enfranchise only white male property owners age 21 and older
1830s: Property requirements begin to ease
1848: Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, NY, launches suffrage movement
1870: 15th Amendment extends voting rights to African-American men
1890: Wyoming allows women to vote
1920: 19th Amendment grants women's suffrage
1940: American Indians are recognized as citizens, although not all are allowed to vote until 1947
1964: 24th Amendment prohibits poll taxes
1965: Voting Rights Act protects minority voters
1971: 26th Amendment lowers voting age to 18
This entry was posted in Social History and tagged ancestor, bucket, candidate, color, history, rock, support, tossing, voting, writing. Bookmark the permalink.
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Île de la Cité
"Island of Paris" redirects here. It is not to be confused with Parris Island or Île-de-France.
Island in the river Seine, Paris, France
Île de la Cité as seen from the Pont des Arts shortly before sunrise
Notre Dame de Paris on Île de la Cité from upstream (the east)
Aerial view from Northwest, Île Saint-Louis in the background
Notre Dame de Paris (1944)
The Île de la Cité (French pronunciation: [il də la site])[1] is one of two remaining natural islands in the Seine within the city of Paris (the other being the Île Saint-Louis).[a] It is the centre of Paris and the location where the medieval city was refounded.
The western end has held a palace since Merovingian times, and its eastern end since the same period has been consecrated to religion, especially after the 10th-century construction of a cathedral preceding today's Notre-Dame. The land between the two was, until the 1850s, largely residential and commercial, but has since been filled by the city's Prefecture de Police, Palais de Justice, Hôtel-Dieu hospital, and Tribunal de commerce. Only the westernmost and northeastern extremities of the island remain residential today, and the latter preserves some vestiges of its 16th-century canon's houses. As of 2013, the island's population was 981. The Mémorial des Martyrs de la Déportation, a memorial to the 200,000 people deported from Vichy France to the Nazi concentration camps during the Second World War, is located at the upriver end of the island.
3 Pont Neuf
Map[edit]
Map of the Île de la Cité
Remains of a defensive Roman wall beneath the parvis facing Notre Dame de Paris.
The Île de la Cité in the Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, circa 1410, showing the Sainte-Chapelle at right.
In 52 BC, at the time of Vercingetorix's struggle with Julius Caesar, the island may have been a fortified crossing point held by the Parisii, a small Gallic tribe. At that point in time, the island was a low-lying area subject to flooding that offered a convenient place to cross the Seine and a refuge in times of invasion. After the conquest of the Celts, the Roman Labienus developed a settlement on the slopes above the Left Bank, where Roman Lutetia was established. The Emperor Julian, in Gaul from 355 to 361, described Lutetia as "a small island lying in the river; a wall entirely surrounds it, and wooden bridges lead to it on both sides."[2]
Later Romans under Saint Genevieve escaped to the island when their city was attacked by Huns. Clovis established a Merovingian palace on the island, which became the capital of Merovingian Neustria. The island remained an important military and political centre throughout the Middle Ages. Odo used the island as a defensive position to fend off Viking attacks at the Siege of Paris in 885-86, and in the 10th century, a cathedral (the predecessor of Notre-Dame) was built on the island.[citation needed]
From early times wooden bridges linked the island to the riverbanks on either side, the Grand Pont (the Pont au Change) spanning the wider reach to the Right Bank, and the Petit Pont spanning the narrower crossing to the Left Bank. The first bridge rebuilt in stone (in 1378) was at the site of the present Pont Saint-Michel, but ice floes carried it away with the houses that had been built on it in 1408.[b] The Grand Pont or Pont Notre-Dame, also swept away at intervals by floodwaters, and the Petit Pont, were rebuilt by Fra Giovanni Giocondo at the beginning of the 16th century. The six arches of the Pont Notre-Dame supported gabled houses, some of half-timbered construction, until all were demolished in 1786.[c]
The Île de la Cité remains the heart of Paris. All road distances in France are calculated from the 0 km point located in the Place du Parvis de Notre-Dame, the square facing Notre-Dame's pair of western towers.[3]
Pont Neuf[edit]
Main article: Pont Neuf
The Pont Neuf, the "new bridge" that is now the oldest bridge in Paris, was completed by Henry IV, who inaugurated it in 1607. The bronze equestrian statue of Henry IV was commissioned from Giambologna under the orders of Marie de Medici, Henry's widow and Regent of France, in 1614. After his death, Giambologna's assistant Pietro Tacca completed the statue, which was erected on its pedestal by Pietro Francavilla in 1618. It was destroyed in 1792 during the French Revolution, but was remade from surviving casts in 1818. The sculpture originally rose from the river on its own foundations, abutting the bridge; since then, the natural sandbar building of a mid-river island, aided by stone-faced embankments called quais, has extended the island, which is planted as the teardrop-shaped Parc Vert Galant in honour of Henry IV, the "Green Gallant" King.
Place Dauphine[edit]
The Place Dauphine, laid out in 1609 while the Place des Vosges was still under construction and named for the Dauphin of France, the future Louis XIII,[d] was among the earliest city-planning projects of Henry IV. The space, essentially a triangle because of its promontory location, was made over to Achille de Harlay [fr] for development. Twelve lots were sold, and forty-five irregularly sized houses were constructed behind a standardised façade.[4] The houses were built of brick with limestone quoins supported on arcaded stone ground floors and capped by steep slate roofs with dormers, very like the contemporaneous façades of Place des Vosges. There were originally two entrances to the Place Dauphine, one at the "downstream" point, through a kind of gateway centred on paired pavilions facing the equestrian statue of Henry IV on the far side of the Pont Neuf, and the second in the centre of the eastern range. Badly damaged during the turmoil of the Paris Commune of 1871, the eastern range was swept away in 1872 to open the view to the monumental white marble Second Empire Palais de Justice (built 1857–68), like a glazed colonnade[e] centred on the Place Dauphine, the remains of which now form a kind of forecourt to it.[5] Few visitors penetrate the Place Dauphine, which lies behind them, and where all the other buildings have been raised in height, given new façades, rebuilt or replaced with heightened pastiches of the originals.
The Île de la Cité seen from the west, downstream
Sights[edit]
Three medieval buildings remain on the Île de la Cité (east to west):
Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris, built from 1163 on the site of a church dedicated to Saint Étienne, which in turn occupied a sacred pagan site of Roman times. During the French Revolution the cathedral was badly damaged, then restored by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. The Cathedral was damaged in a fire on 15 April 2019, while undergoing the initial stages of a massive renovation- materials from the renovation are currently believed to have started the devastating, large fire.
Louis IX's Sainte-Chapelle (1245), built as a reliquary to house the Crown of Thorns and a piece of the True Cross, enclosed within the mid-19th century Palais de Justice.
Conciergerie prison, where Marie Antoinette awaited execution in 1793.
Notre Dame de Paris, western façade, as seen from the quai de Montebello
Notre-Dame, southern facade, view from the square Jean XXIII
Île de la Cité 1609
The oldest remaining residential quarter is the Ancien Cloître. Baron Haussmann demolished some of the network of narrow streets, but was dismissed in 1869 before the entire quarter was lost.
Old engraved maps of Paris show how, when the Pont Neuf was built, it grazed the downstream tip, the "stern" of the island-ship. Since then, the natural sandbar building of a mid-river island, aided by stone-faced embankments called quais, has extended the island, which is planted as the small Vert Galant park ("square du Vert-Galant"), named for Henry IV of France, the "Green Gallant" king whose statue stands near the center of the bridge. It retains the original low-lying riverside level of the island. Nearby, a discreet plaque (removed prior to 01/06/2017 and replaced with a printed sign) commemorates the spot where Jacques de Molay, Grand Master of the Knights Templar, was burnt at the stake, 18 March 1314. The upstream tip of the island is the site of the Mémorial des Martyrs de la Déportation, a memorial to the 200,000 French citizens who were deported to German labour camps during the Second World War.
The Île de la Cité is connected to the rest of Paris by bridges to both banks of the river and to the Île Saint-Louis. The oldest surviving bridge is the Pont Neuf ('New Bridge'), which lies at the western end of the island.
Plaque commemorating the burning of Jacques de Molay
The island has one Paris Métro station, Cité; and the RER station Saint-Michel-Notre-Dame on the Left Bank has an exit in the square in front of the Cathedral.
^ The Île aux Cygnes is artificial.
^ Floods destroyed the bridge at intervals, the last houses being removed in 1809, and the present bridge was constructed in 1857. (Photos et historique: Le pont Saint-Michel).
^ The present bridge dates from 1853, with the central arches replaced by an iron span in 1967. (Photos et historique: Le pont Notre Dame).
^ Place is feminine, not dauphin
^ The architects were Joseph-Louis Duc and Honoré Daumet. Palais de Justice
^ Pronunciation of Île de la Cité at PronounceItRight.com (retrieved 6 October 2015).
^ Julianus Augustus. Misopogon 340d.
^ Chrisafis, Angelique (16 April 2019). "'On our watch we let it burn': Notre Dame fire leaves hole in heart of Paris". The Guardian. Retrieved 19 April 2019. The most-visited monument in the capital, attracting 12 million tourists a year, it is a symbol of literature and history, and is France's "zero kilometre" point from which all road distances are measured.
^ Ballon 1991, p. 151.
^ La Place Dauphine.
Ballon, Hilary (1991). The Paris of Henri IV: Architecture and Urbanism. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. ISBN 9780262023092.
de Brunhoff, Jacques (1987). La place Dauphine et l'île de la Cité (in French). Lyon. ISBN 2904638997.
France portal
L'Île de la Cité- current photographs and of the years 1900.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Île de la Cité.
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Coordinates: 48°51′17″N 2°20′51″E / 48.85472°N 2.34750°E / 48.85472; 2.34750
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Île_de_la_Cité&oldid=922078963"
Landforms of Paris
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CS1 French-language sources (fr)
This page was last edited on 19 October 2019, at 20:33 (UTC).


Logic And Eminem's 'Homicide' Video Stars Chris D'Elia And A Sandlot Alum
Em hilariously flips the script on his comedian impersonator
Madeline Roth madfitzroth 06/28/2019
What do you do when you can't get Eminem in your video? If you're Logic, you get creative and enlist the help of some friends.
In the comedic clip for the rappers' Confessions of a Dangerous Mind collaboration, "Homicide," Logic gets a phone call from Def Jam CEO Paul Rosenberg, who informs him that Em can't make the shoot. What ensues is seven minutes of sardonic and meta ridiculousness, as Logic resorts to using body doubles for him and Em.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQkSArQxYJg
Chauncey Leopardi — a.k.a. Michael "Squints" Palledorous from The Sandlot — does an awesomely accurate take on Logic, but the real hilarity begins when Eminem's double is introduced. It's none other than Chris D'Elia, whose parody videos imitating Em's freestyles got the attention of the MC himself. And if you're thinking, "Uhh... Chris D'Elia doesn't look anything like Eminem," just wait until you see the comedian in a Slim Shady-esque blonde wig and a white tank.
The best part? In the end, the real Marshall Mathers does appear, flipping the script and flawlessly impersonating D'Elia's viral impression of him. Everything comes full circle.


Apps to Keep Children Safe Online May be Counterproductive
By Barbara Abney & Zenaida Kotala | April 2, 2018
Mobile apps designed to help parents keep their children safe from online predators may actually be counterproductive, harming the trust between a parent and child and reducing the child's ability to respond to online threats, conclude two new studies from the University of Central Florida.
According to the national Crimes Against Children Research Center, 23 percent of youth have experienced accidental exposure to internet pornography. Another 11 percent have been victims of online harassment and 9 percent report receiving unwanted sexual solicitations online
In a pair of studies led by the University of Central Florida, researchers examined the types of parents who use parental-control apps on their teen's mobile smartphone, whether the apps actually helped keep teens safe online, and what teens and younger children thought about their parents using these apps.
For a generation that has grown up with network technology and uses it for almost every facet of their lives, from completing homework assignments to connecting with friends and sharing personal information, the results of this research may be life changing.
The research team found that authoritarian parents, who were less responsive to their teen's need for autonomy, were the most likely to use the parental control apps, and the use of these apps was associated with teens experiencing more, not fewer, online risks, including unwanted explicit content, harassment and online sexual solicitations. This NSF-funded study was based on a survey of 215 parent-and-teen pairs in the United States.
"Parental involvement and direct supervision were both associated with fewer peer problems and less online victimization for teens, but neither of these factors correlated with the use of parental control apps," said Arup Kumar Ghosh, a doctoral student in UCF's College of Engineering and Computer Science, who conducted this research as part of his dissertation.
"The fear that teens will fall victim to unthinkable online dangers persists, and our research is challenging the current solutions for protecting teens online by tightening the reins. Instead, we suggest empowering teens to be agents of their own online safety," said Pamela Wisniewski, an assistant professor of engineering and computer science, who is an expert on adolescent online safety and advises Ghosh.
"Our findings suggest that most parental-control apps are just that—apps that attempt to control what teens can do online, but ultimately do little to keep them safe online," said Wisniewski.
In the second study, Ghosh, Wisniewski and their collaborators wanted to know how teens and younger children felt about these parental-control apps. The researchers analyzed 736 publicly posted reviews written by teens and younger children for parental-control apps available for download on Google Play.
They found that approximately 79 percent of the reviews written by children rated the apps at either two stars or less out of a possible five. Further analysis uncovered three major themes behind the negative ratings – children found the apps overly restrictive, were an invasion of their personal privacy, and supported "lazy" or bad parenting instead of improving communication channels between them and their parents. The children explained that the apps prevented them from doing everyday tasks, such as homework assignments, and turned their parents into "stalkers."
"Teens, and even younger children, told us loudly and clearly that they would rather their parents talk to them than use parental control apps," Ghosh said. "Not because they wanted to get away with something bad, but because they wanted their parents' trust and respect."
Wisniewski added, "The more fearful we are as parents the more tightly we tend to hold on. In some cases, that can mean our children are not learning how to manage risk on their own."
By trying to completely shield teens from experiencing any and all online risks, some parents are keeping teens from developing the necessary coping mechanisms that they will need throughout their lives, the researchers suggested.
The researchers concluded that more parental control does not ensure teen safety and that a certain amount of autonomy in allowing teenagers to make appropriate decisions may be the best approach for parenting.
Future app designs should consider incorporating features that support engaged parenting and teach teens how to more effectively manage online risks. These studies suggest that children, particularly teens, should play a pivotal role in the design and development of mobile apps designed to keep them safe online.
Both research studies will be presented at the Association for Computing Machinery's Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems in Montreal this month.
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