EU to secure supply of critical materials for defence industry
The European Commission has published a new policy document which stresses the importance of securing a reliable supply of critical raw materials for the defence industry, reports David Hay Jones for the metal news website, Metal Pages.
"Many of these materials, like the rare earths and germanium, are essential inputs for defence-related applications such as laser targeting," said the European Commission in its roadmap report, 'A New Deal for European Defence', that is aimed at building a more competitive and efficient defence and security sector.
The article added that the Commission has said that it will screen raw materials critical for the defence sector, with its analysis to be finalised by mid-2015.
The roadmap report identified four objectives: building an internal market for defence; securing supply of materials; devising an action plan for defence-related research; and industrial policy aimed at European defence industry competitiveness.
The measures are intended to strengthen the EU's Common Security and Defence Policy (ECSDP).
"This is the first explicit recognition of critical materials in any EU policy and will likely set a precedent for other industrial policies as well," said Heleen Vollers of Brussels-based consultancy Ridens, which monitors EU critical minerals policy, and supports this website.
In May 2014, the European Commission published a list of 20 critical materials: antimony, beryllium, borates, chromium, cobalt, coking coal, fluospar, gallium, germanium, indium, magnesite, magnesium, natural graphite, niobium, phosphate rock, platinum group metals (PGM), heavy rare earth elements (HREE), light rare earth elements (LREE), silicon metal, and tungsten.
Supply risks are associated with many of these materials. In 2012 China accounted for 92% of the EU's unwrought and powdered antimony imports. Vietnam provided three percent, Kyrgystan two percent, and Russia two percent.
For heavy rare earths, China accounted for 99% of global production in 2010-2012. China accounted for 41% of all rare earth imports in 2012, and Russia 35%.
With the Russia-Ukraine crisis, this supply risk is a major cause for EU concern. On June 29, EU leaders joined the presidents of Ukraine and Russia for talks as the truce between separatists and government forces neared its end.
Commenting on the roadmap report, EU commissioner Antonio Tajani said, "The European Council recognised that defense collaboration between member states needed to be deeper. It is vital that the European defence industry remains a world-leading centre for manufacturing and innovation."


Political Information : True US History Last Updated: Jan 19, 2022 - 5:26:20 PM
Indonesia 1958: Nixon, the CIA, and the Secret War
By L. Fletcher Prouty
Sep 16, 2011 - 12:55:45 AM
Article: 582 of sgi.talk.ratical
From: (dave "who can do? ratmandu!" ratcliffe)
Subject: Indonesia 1958: Nixon, the CIA, and the Secret War
Keywords: Nixon chaired the 5412 committee that ran the Indonesian "rebellion"
Organization: Silicon Graphics, Inc.
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 1992 13:54:33 GMT
Lines: 724
This was important administratively because by that time Frank Wisner, the CIA Deputy Director of Plans, had set up his forward headquarters in Singapore and at the direction of the 5412 Committee of the National Security Council, headed by Nixon, Wisner occupied that faraway headquarters himself. (It should be noted that in 1958 Allen Dulles was the head of the CIA, his brother John Foster Dulles was the Secretary of State, Eisenhower was President, and Nixon, as Vice President, chaired the clandestine affairs committee, then known as the "Special Group 5412/2." In other words nothing was done in Indonesia that was not directed by Nixon. If an action had not been directed by the NSC, then it was done unlawfully by the CIA.)
In 1958 Allen Dulles would have brought such a major operation to the attention of the Special Group and he would operate with its approval. This was an essential step in national policy because it then empowered the Department of Defense to provide the necessary support requested by the CIA. Much of this fell within the area of my responsibility at Air Force Headquarters, and I was kept informed on a regular basis of approved action and of Nixon's keen interest in this project.
the following appeared in the August, 1976 issue of Gallery magazine:
reprinted with the permission of the author
Blood ran in the streets. Villages were wiped out
and a million people massacred in a battle for the
riches and political control of Indonesia. Nixon
and the CIA wanted Sukarno overthrown. But the
creator of Indonesia knew how to fight.
A letter from one of the most beautiful women in the world lies buried in a stack of mail on President Ford's desk. Written in Paris on July 24, 1975, by Dewi Sukarno, the former First Lady of Indonesia and widow of Dr. Achmed Sukarno, the charismatic Father of Indonesia, the letter is an appeal to President Ford for a complete explanation of the CIA-led and supported rebellions that took place in Indonesia in 1958 and 1965.
It is not well known in the United States that the 1958 rebellion led to a major Indonesian civil war. The CIA-inspired uprising in Indonesia, unlike the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba, was a full-scale military operation. The Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961 was made by a thin brigade of about 1,500 Cuban exiles trained by the CIA in Guatemala. But the 1958 Indonesian action involved no less than 42,000 CIA-armed rebels supported by a fleet of bombers and vast numbers of four-engine transport aircraft as well as submarine assistance from the U.S. Navy. It also involved a major training and logistical supporting effort on the part of the Philippines, Okinawa, Taiwan, and Singapore. But despite this massive armed force, the 1958 rebellion, like the Bay of Pigs invasion, was a total failure. Sukarno's army drove the rebels on Sumatra and Celebes into the sea.
There are some who might call the 1965 uprising a success. At least the rebels were not driven into the sea. However, for the United States it was a fantastically costly endeavor. The rebellion ended in the most massive and ruthless bloodbath since World War II. While the headlines in the United States dealt with the slaughter in Vietnam, the press of the rest of the world heaped blame on the United States for the barbaric massacre in Indonesia. The victorious new government of General Suharto proceeded to assassinate nearly one million people. This terrible slaughter and the ensuing imprisonment of tens of thousands of Indonesians stirred Dewi Sukarno to seek President Ford's assistance in gaining the release of her countrymen from prison.
Dewi Sukarno has received no answer. But even without a reply she knows. The silence from Washington speaks for itself. A denial, if true, would have come without hesitation. The Indonesians know. The Latins had a phrase for it, "Is fecit cui prodest" -- the perpetrator of a crime is he who profits by it. Today, major U.S. enterprises are plundering the raw material wealth of Indonesia -- rubber, tin, and oil -- in a manner that is more vile than what is happening in Chile. And there is no one to stop them.
Achmed Sukarno was one of those rare men who rose during the hours of crisis to unite one hundred million people and lead them out of the ashes of World War II. Sukarno came to liberate his country from the Japanese, the Dutch, the Portuguese, and from all others who were ready to enslave his country once again. He established his government on the "Five Pillars": (l) belief in one supreme God (2) just and civilized humanity (3) unity of Indonesia (4) democracy (5) social justice.
Sukarno was forced to thread his way between communism and capitalism. His independence made him both friends and enemies. His worst enemies came from his polyglot people who are scattered over more than 3,000 islands. These islands make up the world's largest archipelago; they stretch along the equator for over 3,400 miles and are located in Southeast Asia between the Philippines and Australia. From one of these islands came Lt. Col. Alex Kawilarang, the military attache serving in Washington who was to defect to the rebel forces and lead the rebel contingent on Sumatra, the Indonesian island richest in natural resources.
His Excellency President Gerald Ford
Dear Mr. President,
As the widow of the late President Sukarno and being the only member of the family living overseas, I address myself to you, being deeply alarmed and disturbed by numerous and persistent reports in the international press. For instance, the CIA is said to have spied on my husband: manufactured a fake film in order to slander the good name and honor of Sukarno: prepared an assassination attempt against him and conspired to oust him from power to estrange him from the Indonesian people by accusing him of collaborating with international communism in betrayal of Indonesian independence, which of course was totally absurd.
My husband has repeatedly informed me that he was fully aware of these immoral, illegal, subversive, anti-Indonesian activities against his beloved Indonesia, his people, and against him personally.
I would like to request from you, as well as from the responsible Congressional Committees in the United States a full explanation about these reports and reprehensible practices as carried out by an official United States Government Agency in the name of several American Presidents and Governments.
Both in 1958 and in 1965, the CIA directly interfered in the internal affairs of Indonesia. In 1958, this monstrous action led to civil war. In 1965, it led to the ultimate takeover by a pro-Amencan military regime, while hundreds of thousands of innocent peasants and loyal citizens were massacred in the name of this insane crusade against international communism. Still today, ten years later, many tens of thousands of true patriots and Sukarnoists are locked up in jails and concentration camps being denied the simplest and most elementary human rights. American companies and aggressive foreign interests are indiscriminately plundering the natural riches of Indonesia to the advantage of the few and the disadvantage of the millions of unemployed and impoverished masses.
I must now ask you, Mr. President, in the name of freedom and justice, in the name of decency in relations between states and statesmen, between powerful nations and developing lands, in the name of the Indonesian people and the Sukarno family: did the United States of America commit these hideous crimes against Indonesia and against the founder of the nation? Will your Government be prepared to accept responsibility for these evil practices? Over one hundred million Indonesians have been brainwashed, as was the rest of the world by the present regime's propaganda to believe that the communists carried out the insurrection. My countrymen, as well as everyone else, have the right to know the truth of the historic facts. It will be the painful duty for America now to reveal the CIA involvement in Indonesia and release all information and documents relevant to who really initiated the terrifying bloodbath that led to the overthrow of the legal Government and to the inhuman treatment in house arrest lasting three years until my husband's death.
In closing, I would like to strongly appeal to you, Mr. President, to use your influence with the military regime in Jakarta, to immediately free those many thousands of political prisoners, men and women, former cabinet ministers, writers and journalists, who I know are entirely innocent of the crime of treason they have been accused of. If the United States were to be instrumental in helping to improve the fate of so many thousands of courageous compatriots, I think the entire Indonesian nation would be grateful and Indonesians would regain their confidence in America's intentions towards the Third World.
R. S. Dewi Sukarno
What is not generally known about the complex Indonesian struggle is the role that was played by the then Vice President of the United States, Richard M. Nixon, and the bitter aftermath that involved the sudden ouster of Allen Dulles' protege, Frank Wisner, who at that time was the head of the clandestine arm of the CIA. After Watergate, when Anthony Lukas wrote in his book Nightmare, about the growing mistrust between Nixon and the Director of Central Intelligence, Richard Helms, he could have added that since the 1958 Indonesian rebellion there were many in the CIA who made a career of hating Nixon because of what he had done to Frank Wisner, among others.
The Indonesian campaign began rather casually as so many CIA ventures do. Few if any ever originate at the top.
During an unguarded conversation in Washington the Indonesian military attache mentioned earlier made it known to certain U.S. military acquaintances that there were many prominent and strong people in Indonesia who would be ready to rise against Sukarno if they were given a little support and encouragement from the United States. It happened that one of those U.S. military friends he talked to was not a military man at all, but a member of the CIA. The provocative words got back to Frank Wisner, then the Deputy Director of Plans. He was in charge of the CIA's clandestine activity and he authorized agents to follow up on that first conversation.
The Indonesian attache was wined and dined and encouraged to talk more. Reasons for the attache's return to Indonesia on official business were successfully arranged. He was accompanied by CIA agents traveling under the cover of "U.S. military" personnel. During this visit they spoke with rebel leaders. They learned enough about the potential strength of this opposition to encourage the CIA to set in motion its biggest operation up to that date.
In the Philippines there was a strong nucleus of military men, chief among them a Colonel Valeriano, who had been President Magsaysay's military assistant. He had also worked on paramilitary exercises with the CIA during the Magsaysay campaign against the leftist rebel Huk movement. This military group had gained considerable power during the Magsaysay tenure. Many of these special warfare experts from the Philippines had volunteered for duty in South Vietnam in 1955 when the CIA was deeply involved in providing undercover support for the new and uncertain regime of President Ngo Dinh Diem.
By early 1958 these Filipinos and their CIA counterparts were prepared to involve the Philippines in the rebellion against Sukarno by setting up special warfare "Green Beret" training bases and by providing the Indonesian revolutionary council with clandestine air bases. One of those bases was on Palawan, the most western island of the Philippine archipelago, in the vicinity of the airfield at Puerto Princessa on Honda Bay. The other base was on the big southern island of Mindanao, near Davao Gulf.
Concurrently, in Washington, operations were being organized. Frank Wisner took over direct command of the everyday operations of the Indonesian project. A large staff under Desmond Fitzgerald of the Far East Division was set up. The most active element of this special staff came from the CIA's clandestine Air Division which at that time was under the control of Dick Helms. As the plans expanded for this major undertaking, requirements for military equipment, people, aircraft, weapons, bases, submarines, and communications skyrocketed.
In the Pentagon there are thousands of nondescript offices in which all sorts of tasks are done. One of these unobtrusive offices was an Air Force Plans Division office. One day in 1958 two men from the CIA entered that office. After being identified they were permitted entrance to an interior office that was the "Focal Point" office for all U.S. Air Force Support of the clandestine operations of the CIA. I had established that office in 1955 on orders from Gen. Thomas D. White, then Chief of Staff of the Air Force. This came about after several meetings with Allen W. Dulles, the Director of Central Intelligence, and others. When the CIA men entered that office in 1958, I was still in charge.
The agents outlined the Indonesian Plan, the Philippine support and training program, and told me about their own special operations staff that had been put together specifically for this vast project. Then they urgently requested light bombardment aircraft and long-range transport aircraft. We decided to take a number of twin engine B-26 aircraft out of mothball storage, put them through a retrofit line, and modify them so that they could be armed with a special 50-caliber machine gun package of eight guns, in the nose of the plane. This would give the B-26 more firepower than it ever had during the Korean War or World War II. The project was given top priority and covered in deep secrecy. Programs for pilot training and the recruitment of "mercenaries" were established.
Concurrent with our work the CIA was putting together a "wartime" operational staff. Lt. Gen. Earl Barnes, who had been a senior air commander during World War II under Gen. Douglas MacArthur, was brought in to run all clandestine air activities.
At that time Gen. Lyman L. Lemnitzer was Commander in Chief of the Ryukyu Command on Okinawa. One day he received a call from General David M. Shoup, the U.S. Marine Commander on Okinawa, asking if the Army could spare 14,000 rifles for a Marine requirement. Surprised at the Marine request for such a large order of guns, Lemnitzer acquiesced nonetheless and ordered the transfer of these weapons on the condition that they would be quickly replaced.[1]
High on the ridge line of central Okinawa overlooking the city of Naha there was a modest size "Army" installation that hustled with considerable activity. This was the main CIA operational base in the Far East. It was under the direction of Ted Shannon, one of the Agency's most powerful agents. It was Shannon's office that had actually requested 42,000 rifles from General Shoup and since the order was so large Shoup had been unable to supply them, and had therefore borrowed 14,000 from the Army.
On nearby Taiwan, the CIA had another large facility -- a "Navy" base known as the Naval Auxiliary Communication Center (NACC). This "Comm Center" controlled a large and very active air base a few miles south of Taiwan's capital, Taipei, and the huge Air America facilities near Taipei and the city of Tainan.
The B-26 bombers were ready to fly and a special ferrying arrangement was made with the Air Force to fly them across the Pacific to the Philippines and Menado.
Rebel Indonesians, trained and equipped in the Philippines, were returned to Sumatra. Some were air-dropped and others landed on the beach from submarines that the U.S. Navy was operating, in support of the CIA, in the oceans south of Indonesia near the Christmas Islands.
The war was on.
On Feb. 9, 1958, rebel Colonel Maluddin Simbolon issued an ultimatum in the name of a provincial government, the Central Sumatran Revolutionary Council, calling for the formation of a new central government. Sukarno refused and called upon his loyal army commander, General Abdul Haris Nasution, to destroy the rebel forces. By Feb. 21 loyal forces had been airlifted to Sumatra and had begun the attack. The rebel headquarters was in the southern coastal city of Padang. Rebel strongholds stretched all the way to Medan, near the northern end of the island and not far from Malaysia.
The rebellion flared sporadically from one end of Indonesia to the other.
While the CIA was supporting up to 100,000 rebels, the State Department professed innocence. The U.S. ambassador, Howard P. Jones, maintained that the United States had nothing to do with the rebellion and he protested the capture of the American oil properties. On the other hand, Sukarno had asked for more arms aid from the United States. He must have had strong suspicions about the source of rebel support. The vast number of guns, the bombers and heavy air transport aircraft dropping hundreds of tons of arms and equipment, as well as submarines supporting beach operations were just too sophisticated to be anything but major power ploys. Thus, his appeal for U.S. arms aid had the ring of gamesmanship.
Playing along with the game, John Foster Dulles issued a statement saying that the United States would not provide arms to either side. And while he was publishing that falsehood, the United States furnished and piloted B-26 bombers, and these were bombing shipping in the Makassar Straits. Some had even flown as far south as the Java Sea. Almost immediately all insurance rates on shipping to and from Indonesia went on a wartime scale and costs became so prohibitive that most shipping actually ceased. The bombing attacks, kept so quiet in the United States that they hardly made the news, were being viewed with great alarm by the rest of the world. What was "Top Secret" in Washington was barroom gossip in the capitals of the world.
While Wisner communicated with Washington clandestinely, anyone in the bar at the Raffles Hotel in Singapore, in the Peninsula Hotel in Kowloon, or even on the streets of Istanbul, could learn all about the "American CIA attack" on Sukarno.
The CIA was demanding so much support for its far-flung operations that a top-level committee was established in the Pentagon. Its purpose was to keep track of how much war equipment was being requested and sent to Indonesia. Not unlike the Lemnitzer-Shoup rifle problem, there were problems in the Pentagon because of the way the CIA requested equipment through phony "military" cover channels.
Early in this operation I had put some men from my office into the air-combat section in the Philippines, and the Air Force was reasonably well aware of what was going on. But that was not so for the other services. At the time, Admiral Arleigh Burke was the Chief of Naval Operations. He went one step further than we did. At the height of the rebel operations, Burke sent his Chief of Naval Intelligence, Admiral Luther Frost, to Jakarta, Indonesia's capital, where he stayed for several months carrying on a delicate relationship with the American ambassador and with the Indonesian naval chiefs. This, while U.S. Navy submarines were aiding the rebels south of Sumatra. It turned out to have been a masterful gambit because later, when the rebellion collapsed, the U.S. Navy was able to declare innocence. The Air Force was not so fortunate.
The pretense that the U.S. Government was in no way involved in this massive civil war against Sukarno was wearing thin. It was a reasonable cover as long as the United States could plausibly deny its role in the action. But one day, a lone B-26 out of the rebel CIA base at Menado, flying low over the Straits of Makassar, came upon an Indonesian ship -- an ideal target. The pilot banked to take a good run at the ship and began strafing it with those eight lethal .50-caliber machine guns. He was committed to the attack before he found out that the freighter was armed. The B-26 was hit and it ditched near the ship. The pilot, an American named Allan Lawrence Pope, was picked up. Pope was identified as a former U.S. Air Force pilot. The cork was out of the bottle. Sukarno had his proof of U.S. involvement and he played his ace card for an international audience. That one plane and that one pilot cost the U.S. Government tens of millions of dollars in ransom and tribute during the next several years.
After the capture of Pope the rebellion rapidly fell apart. Loyal forces captured Donggala in central Celebes. And on far away Halmahera, government forces captured Jailolo. That ended all opposition except for the CIA-rebel air base at Menado. With the rebellion all but crushed, except for the continued existence of the main CIA force, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles ended the embargo of arms to Sukarno and agreed to send aid to the government of Indonesia! What wondrous duplicity! And Sukarno was not fooled. His forces had been fighting a major civil war inspired and clandestinely supported by the United States, while concurrently the overt branches of the U.S. Government acted as though nothing at all had happened.
By the end of June 1958 it was all over. Then a very strange and rare (rare in terms of normal bureaucracy) thing happened. During the months of this operation it had been my custom to visit the CIA special operations center.
One morning I caught the unmarked, dull-green CIA shuttle bus at the Pentagon and rode to the operations center. I went in. Not a soul was there. The place had been cleaned out. Office after office was absolutely bare. Finally I found one secretary. She was sitting in a straight-back chair and her telephone was on the floor. There were tears in her eyes. She took a call from time to time and gave guarded answers about the former members of that huge staff. The entire section had been scattered to the four corners of the world. A large number of top-level, experienced, clandestine agents and operators had vanished. It took our Air Force office, skilled as we were in the ways of the CIA, months to find some of them again.
Then we began to piece together what had happened. With the collapse of such a major effort and with the inability of the Government to deny plausibly before the world its role in the whole sordid affair, blame had to be placed somewhere. In an unprecedented action, Nixon had summarily fired Frank Wisner, along with some others. But Frank Wisner, a longtime OSS and CIA man, was a key intelligence officer. Few knew enough about his career to realize that he was senior, by far, to Helms and Colby. Clearly, he was Allen Dulles' heir apparent. When the OSS had been deactivated after World War II by President Truman, it was Wisner who had kept a tight-knit band of professionals together. This small cadre kept valuable OSS records and, more importantly, they had maintained the delicate lines of communication with agents, spies, and underground personnel in Eastern Europe, Russia, and Germany. They held this fragile web together. Without them hundreds of people might have been killed and priceless assets destroyed. And Frank Wisner suddenly, almost whimsically, had been fired.
To a man, the Agency was aroused by this action. Rightly or wrongly, they hated Nixon for this. I remember being at meetings during which the name of Nixon would be mentioned and I have seen CIA men bristle and redden as though someone had let a poisonous snake loose in the room. Some vowed he would never become President.
Meanwhile the Agency moved to pull itself together. That one deft bloodbath appeared to end things. There was no Board of Inquiry as there was after the Bay of Pigs. And, remarkably, there was no public outcry as there would be a few years later after the U-2 scandal. The agency was busy sweeping things under the rug.
Meanwhile those special B-26s were all flown back to the States and based at Elgin Air Force Base in Flonda. That was late in 1958. By 1959 they began to stir again. A man named Castro had come to power in Cuba. During those fateful days in April 1961 it was those same B-26s that the CIA used to attack Cuba.
This is the story that Dewi Sukarno is asking President Ford to explain to her and to the Indonesian people. Actually, the 1958 civil war was child's play compared to the brutal bloodbath of 1965. Sukarno was in control after the 1958 disaster and he wrung a heavy tribute from the U.S. Government for its indiscretions. But in 1965 his game ended, like Allende's in Chile, with defeat. An attempted communist coup d'etat was defeated by General Suharto. Sukarno never made the great public statement that was to assure the success of the coup, and after its defeat and the ensuing bloodbath, he was stripped of his power. After a few years of ignominious house arrest the hero of all Indonesia died in 1970.
What was the story behind Nixon's harsh action against Wisner? Was that the deep-rooted reason why CIA top-echelon insiders such as Dick Helms really hated and distrusted Nixon? In later years did they take out their grudge against him with a piece of tape on a Watergate doorway? There may never be answers to these questions, or perhaps they have been answered already. It is said that when the great volcanic mountain of Krakatoa in Indonesia blew up causing the greatest explosion the world had ever known, the dust of Indonesia was spread all over the world. The holocausts of 1958 and 1965 may have done the same thing.
the following is an excerpt from an interview conducted with L. Fletcher Prouty on May 6, 1989, regarding his book The Secret Team, The CIA and Its Allies in Control of the United States and the World, Prentice Hall, 1973. This segment recounts Prouty's experience when he found out that some things he had been doing for years in support of the CIA had not been known by the senior military officer in the armed forces -- the chairman of the JCS -- and that they had been done, most likely, in response to other authority. A transcript of this interview will be published in 1998 by rat haus reality press as the book Understanding Special Operations.
Prouty: . . . Millions and millions of dollars were poured into that exercise -- a lot of people were involved in it -- and it never went through any Air Force procurement. Now, the cleared individual -- the man in the team -- in the procurement offices, made papers that covered up this gap. There were papers in the files but they had never been worked on -- they were simple dummy papers in the files. Now, we could do things like that with no trouble at all. The U2 was started like that. That's how the U2 got off the ground. Ostensibly, purchased by the Air Force, but not paid for by the Air Force, and so on.
So, when I say that this team was quite effective, it was very effective, very strong, handled a lot of money, worked all over the world, thousands of people were involved. I know, one time, when I was speaking to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, at that time General Lemnitzer, he said, "You know, I've known of two or three units in the Army that were supporting CIA. But you're talking about quite a few. How many were there?" Well, at that time, there were 605. Well General Lemnitzer had no idea. It's amazing -- heres the top man in the military and he had no idea that we were supporting that many CIA units. Not military units -- they were phony military units. They were operating with military people but they were controlled entirely, they were financed by the CIA. Six hundred and five of them. And I'm sure that from my day it increased; I know it didn't decrease.
So, people don't understand the size and the nature of this clandestine activity that is designed for clandestine operations all over the world. And it goes back, again, to things we've spoken of earlier, that that activity must be under somebody's control. There is no law for the control of covert operations other than at the National Security Council level. And if the National Security Council does not sign the directives, issue the directives, for covert operations, then nobody does. And that's when it becomes a shambles as we saw in the Contra affair and in other things. But when the National Security Council steps in and directs it and holds that control, then things are run properly. And we've seen that during the last decade theres been quite a few aberrations where they were talking about Iran or Latin America or even part of the Vietnam War itself. In fact, it was in the Vietnam War where the thing really began to come apart -- it just outgrew itself and the leadership role disintegrated. And we see the worst of it in the Iran-Contra affair.
Ratcliffe: Following on that you write about Dulles being able to "move them up and deeper into their cover jobs" -- would this be a function of them being there longer than the people who would be promoted to something else in time?
Prouty: Yes. When we put them in, they might be somebody's assistant. And they've been there for three years and the man that was above them, who was probably a political appointee, leaves and they might move this man up there. Or when a newer political appointee comes, he has no knowledge that this man is really from CIA. He's just a strong person in his office and he gives him a broader role. Sometimes these people (chuckling) were working -- well, one man I know was in FAA and we needed his work to help us with FAA as a focal point there. He'd been there so long the FEA had him in a very big, very responsible job, and you might say 90% of his work was regular FAA work. A very strong individual. Well, that meant that when we needed him to help us with some of our activities on the covert side of things, he was in a much better position to handle this than he had been originally.
This happened with quite a few of them. That's why I say in the case of Frank Hand, he had been in the Defense Department so long that he was able to handle really major operations that weren't even visualized at the time he was assigned. All this carries over into many other things. I pointed out that the Office of Special Operations under General Erskine had the responsibility for the National Security Agency as well as CIA contacts and the State Department, and so on. Well, as we filled up these positions, some of them became dominant in some those organizations, such as NSA.
Early people in this program have created quite a career for themselves in other work. For instance, a young man in this system was Major Haig. Major Al Haig. He went up through the system. He was working as a deputy to the Army's cleared Focal Point Officer for Agency support matters who was the General Counsel in the Army, a man named Joe Califano -- a very prominent lawyer today. When the General Counsel of the Army was moved up into the office of Secretary of Defense later -- in McNamara's office -- he carried with him this then-Lieutenant Colonel Al Haig up to the office of Secretary of Defense. And during the Johnson Administration when they moved to the White House, Califano and Haig moved to the White House. Then during the Nixon time, Haig with all his experience in the White House worked with Kissinger. And you can see that it was this attachment through the covert side which gave Haig his ability to do an awful lot of things that people didn't understand, because he had this whole team behind him. To be even more up-to-date, there was a Major Secord in our system. And Major Secord is the same General Secord you've been reading about in the Iran-Contra business.
A lot of these people worked right up into the White House. And there were these same assigned people even at the White House level that really were working on this CIA covert work rather than the jobs that they seemed to hold, that the public understood was the job that they were working for. It's a much more effective system than people have thought it was. . . .
Ratcliffe: You describe what seems to be a very enlightening day -- an event in 1960 or 1961 when you briefed "the Chairman of the JCS on a matter that had come up involving the CIA and the military." [p.257] As you described it:
The chairman was General Lyman L. Lemnitzer, and his commandant was General David M. Shoup. They were close friends and had known each other for years. When the primary subject of the briefing had ended General Lemnitzer asked me about the Army cover unit that was involved in the operation. I explained what its role was and more or less added that this was a rather routine matter. Then he said, "Prouty, if this is routine, yet General Shoup and I have never heard of it before, can you tell me in round numbers how many Army units there are that exist as `cover` for the CIA?" I replied that to my knowledge at that time there were about 605 such units, some real, some mixed, and some that were simply telephone drops. When he heard that he turned to General Shoup and said, "You know, I realized that we provided cover for the Agency from time to time; but I never knew that we had anywhere near so many permanent cover units and that they existed all over the world."
I then asked General Lemnitzer if I might ask him a question. He said I could. "General", I said, "during all of my military career I have done one thing or another at the direction of a senior officer. In all those years and in all of those circumstances I have always believed that someone, either at the level of the officer who told me to do what I was doing or further up the chain of command, knew why I was doing what I had been directed to do and that he knew what the reason for doing it was. Now I am speaking to the senior military officer in the armed forces and I have just found out that some things I have been doing for years in support of the CIA have not been known and that they have been done, most likely, in response to other authority. Is this correct?"
This started a friendly, informal, and most enlightening conversation, more or less to the effect that where the CIA was concerned there were a lot of things no one seemed to know. [p.258]
Can you recount more of the details of this enlightening conversation for us?
Prouty: Well, you know I referred to it earlier. It astounded me, that day. I assumed that there were a lot things that the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was not aware of every day in the Air Force, in the Navy, and in the CIA. But I had never expected such a blanket answer, that he didn't know, and that General Shoup didn't. Now, what we were talking about was rather specific.
At the time of the rebellion in Indonesia when the CIA supported tens of thousands of troops with aircraft, and ships, submarines, and everything else, in an attempt to overthrow the government of Sukarno, we needed rifles pretty quick to support these rebels and I called out to Okinawa and found out that the Army didn't have enough rifles for what we wanted. We wanted about 42,000 rifles and they had about 28,000. But that he said he thought he could get -- General Lemnitzer was a Commander at that time in Okinawa. So he was right up close to this thing. He said that he'd have somebody call the Marine Corps and see what he could get from them. Well, it just happened that General Shoup was the head of the Marine unit at Okinawa and he said, sure, he could provide the extra 14,000. So without delay, we had 4-engine aircraft -- C-54's- -flown by Air America crews but under military cover -- appeared to be military aircraft -- come into Okinawa, pick up these 42,000 rifles, prepared for air drop in Indonesia. They'd fly down to the Philippines and then down to another base we had and then over into Indonesia and drop these rifles.
Well of course, we replaced those rifles. The General didn't know where they were going, we just borrowed them, and the unit that borrowed them was military and the call had come from the Pentagon. There was no problem with supplying the rifles. So years later, we replaced them. Well then when I told him about that in the Pentagon, he said he never knew where those rifles went and General Shoup said, "you know, Lem, when you asked me for 14,000 rifles, I thought you wanted them and, of course, being a good Marine, I gave you 14,000 rifles." He said, "you owe me 14,000." They were sitting there kidding but they never knew they went to Indonesia. You see, they never knew they were part of a covert operation going into Indonesia.
Well, this is true of a lot of things that go on. We kept the books in the Pentagon. We covered that. We got reimbursement for it. That part of it was all right. And that's what kept it from being a problem because as long as General Lemnitzer's forces got the 28,000 rifles back and Shoup got the 14,000 back for the total of 42,000, they didn't complain to anybody. They had their full strength of rifles. That's the magic of reimbursement.
Well, his kind of thing, on an established basis -- the units are there -- when I said there are 605 units, those are operating units- -now, some of them may only be telephone drops, because that's their function, they don't need a whole lot of people, they're just handling supplies, or something like that. But put this in present terms. When Colonel North believed that he had been ordered to take 2,008 Toe missiles and deliver them to Iran -- see? -- there has to be some way that the supply system can let those go. You can't just drive down there with a truck to San Antonio at the warehouse, and say, "I want 2,008 missiles." You have to have authority. And 2,008 Toe missiles -- I don't know what one of them costs, but it's an awful lot of money, and somebody had to prepare the paperwork for the authorization to let the supply officer release those. And I'm sure they went to a cover unit that North was using for that purpose. But it appears from what we've heard from this that, unlike the way we used to run the cover operations, when these things got to Iran, these characters sold them them for money. In fact, they sold them for almost four times the listed value of these things.
And this is the problem Congress has been having -- is what happened to the money after they got there. And you can see how the system developed. You see, originally, we developed it on this one-for-one basis. Another thing is we never used this kind of supply, to deliver grenades to the Contras and charge them $9.00 a grenade or whatever it was. We just delivered the grenades. It was part of a Government program. And the CIA would reimburse the Defense Department. Everything came out even. We didn't "sell" anything.
daveus rattus
yer friendly neighborhood ratman
ko.yan.nis.qatsi (from the Hopi Language) n. 1. crazy life. 2. life
in turmoil. 3. life out of balance. 4. life disintegrating.
5. a state of life that calls for another way of living.
http://www.ratical.org/ratville/JFK/Indo58.html
[Colour fonts and bolding added.]
Nightmare in Indonesia: The Roots of the Bush-Cheney's Oil Government: See http://abundanthope.net/pages/True_US_History_108/Nightmare_in_Indonesia_The_Roots_of_the_Bush-Chene_1772.shtml
Dictators are "Disposable": The Rise and Fall of America's Military Henchmen. See: http://abundanthope.net/pages/True_US_History_108/Dictators-are-Disposable-The-Rise-and-Fall-of-America-s-Military-Henchmen.shtml
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The Westin New York at Times Square Sponsors Eco-Couture Dress Exhibit by Bel Esprit Member Lucy Tammam During New York Fashion Week
Posted by Bel Esprit on September 10, 2010 at 16:21
The Westin New York at Times Square is proud to announce the sponsorship of an eco-couture exhibit during Fashion Week. Fashion enthusiasts, local New Yorkers, and hotel guests will enjoy a complimentary viewing of dresses from the House of Tammam, the eco-friendly, UK-based brand that specializes in evening wear and bridal gowns, Sept. 10 through 12.
The ethical beliefs of hotel and designer are aligned, as The Westin New York at Times Square currently boasts a GS-33 Lodging Properties Silver certification from Green Seal™, and was the first hotel in the state of New York to be recognized by the organization, and the first Westin Hotel worldwide to earn silver status. The hotel was also one of only three hotels in New York City named to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation's list of environmentally sound hotels with sustainable practices.
The award-winning House of Tammam has already gained respect in the fashion industry as one of the most innovative and ethically correct brands. All garments are fair trade, ethically produced, sustainable, vegetarian and environmentally-friendly.
In addition to the public display in the hotel's lobby, Tammam is showcasing at the Ethical Fashion Preview at Nolcha Fashion Week in New York and the London Fashion Lounge in London, both produced in association with the Bel Esprit Showroom, and at the new EcoLuxe showroom for London Fashion Week. Nolcha Fashion Week is an award-winning fashion week event now in its ninth season held simultaneously with New York Fashion Week. Consisting of four days of runway shows, eco-accessory exhibitions, fashion business seminars, and networking events, Nolcha Fashion Week has emerged as a solid platform and a reputable outlet for showcasing top-tier and globally-minded designers. The Bel Esprit showroom is an online showroom for international designers of ethical fashion, and promotes ethical practices in the fashion industry.
Tammam's focus this season is occasion and evening wear to compliment the launch of the ethical bridal wholesale collection (available in January from select bridal boutiques in the UK and USA.) Key pieces this season include cascading gowns in taffeta and subtly draped dresses with slight trains suitable for any important occasion. As always, the perfectly cut, immaculately tailored, beautifully designed garments are inspired by 1930's glamour, and this season sees the use of lovingly restored vintage lace matched with luxe silks and organic cottons in cuts that accentuate the female body.
Tammam was launched in September 2007, and designs and produces fashion-forward women's wear. Tammam develops fabrics in India and Nepal using natural and sustainable fibers and dyes. The Tammam eco-couture collection is available bespoke from the Tammam Atelier, while the made-to-order and prêt a porter ranges are available from selected boutiques. Tammam is a founding member of the Conscious Designer's Collective (www.consciousdesigners.co.uk). For more information, visit www.tammam.co.uk and the Bel Esprit Showroom, www.belesprit.net.
Visitors to the exhibit can take advantage of Fashion Week special at the hotel's Bar 10, including extended happy hour from 7 to 11 p.m., and the chance to win a 30-minute massage.
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Ex-envoy's estranged wife, Modupe Oguntade settles into new life
in Features
For the ageless society matriarch, Mrs. Modupeola Adewemimo Oguntade, the estranged wife of former Nigeria's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom and retired eminent jurist, Justice George Adesola Oguntade, she never bargained for an array of emotions that she cycles through at the moment. Until recent months, the elderly powerful couple appeared happy together and many were taken aback when news of their difficult decision to separate hit the streets.
Multiple sources said after many months of family squabbles, back-biting and mutual distrust, the 17 year-old marriage of the retired Supreme Court Justice and his wife, Modupe, hit the rocks.
Things, it was gathered, fell apart for the celebrated couple shortly after they returned to Nigeria following the former envoy's three-year stint in the United Kingdom as Nigeria's High Commissioner. Modupe was allegedly sent packing from their Lekki, Lagos home on Thursday, October 15, 2020 after a serious altercation with her Octogenarian husband. And since that unfortunate split saga, it is little surprise that Modupe has been the focus of vilifying schemes. The first raft of stories cast her as the chief culprit of her husband's misfortune —the loss of the honorary Ambassadorial position he has held since 2017. Although no reason was offered by the President Muhammadu Buhari administration for not reappointing Justice Oguntade as Nigeria's High Commissioner, there was a great deal of accusatory fingering going around the media, the majority of which singled out alleged transgressions of Mrs. Modupe Oguntade. Her traducers insinuated that Modupe turned a new leaf when she accompanied her husband to the United Kingdom in 2017 where she allegedly engaged in many fabulous and several other unprintable tales. If the accusations levelled against Modupe haven't endeared her to the same level of scorn and contempt enjoyed by the devil, they come really close. But there have been a series of great defences of her persona and conduct by those who experienced Modupe's good work and charity while her husband held sway as Nigeria's Number One citizen in the United Kingdom. During their stay in the Nigerian House in London, Modupe successfully combined her influential network and flair for hosting notable members of society with raising huge sums of money for various charitable causes. Sources said this woman does not pose any threat to those who are after her and hellbent on tarnishing her image. As a good woman, her reputation, good nature and immaculate lifestyle will continue to speak well of her, even in the face of hostilities confronting her from many quarters.
Spotlight gathered that though the woman presently struggles with feelings over the troubled relationship with her husband —after several attempts by the couple's powerful friends to wade in failed— she has decided to move on with her life. Before it all went south, Modupe was one of the darlings of Lagos high society. There is no gainsaying that her relationship with the retired influential Jurist let her move in elite circles across the world. But since the split saga, Modupe has kept a low profile and is rarely seen in public —thanks, and no thanks, to the Coronavirus that has further shrunk the social space. Prior to meeting her influential husband, Modupe wasn't a push over either but there's no denying the fact that she started to taste a bit of that "gold standard" social success as Mrs. Oguntade. Though the terms of their split wasn't made public, the amiable woman is obviously not lacking good things in life. She has however finally settled down to a new life in a palatial mansion of hers on the Island. Sources said Modupe, who now focuses on her business and grandchildren, remains that virtuous woman that carries herself with unequalled friendliness and goes about without offending anyone, irrespective of tribe, ethnicity or religion.
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Resources for Building Spiritual Community
In these unprecedented times, we continue to live out the mission of the GTU by drawing from the wisdom in our world's religious traditions and bringing those insights into conversation with our modern moment. The following resources provide ways we can build spiritual community, but they are not an exhasutive list. We also invite you to our new initiative "Spiritual Care and Ethical Leadership for Our Times" where each Friday beginning March 23 on the GTU Voices blog we will hear from GTU scholars who offer inspiration and insight on the COVID-19 pandemic.
Spiritual Care and Ethical Leadership for Our TimesLife at GTUNews & EventsFaculty & Staff ResourcesCurrent Student ResourcesGraduate Theological Union
Spiritual Care and Ethical Leadershipcoronavirus
GTU Begins Search for a New President
The Board of Trustees of the Graduate Theological Union has announced the formation of a Presidential Search Committee to conduct an international search to replace the outgoing Riess Potterveld, who has announced his retirement, effective at the end of the current academic year. Trustee William D. Glenn, an alumnus of both the Jesuit School of Theology of Santa Clara University and the Pacific School of Religion, has been asked by long-time trustee and current Board Chair Susan Cook Hoganson to lead the search. Glenn has a private practice in clinical psychology and represents PSR on the...
William D. GlennSusan Cook HogansonPresidentPresidential Search
As president of the Graduate Theological Union, it is my pleasure to welcome you to our website, a virtual portal into the unique elements that make the GTU such a compelling and consequential hub of interreligious education. We invite you to explore the robust resources of our academic centers, member schools, and affiliates, our world-class library, and the network of people and organizations that comprise the GTU, so you can take full advantage of our extraordinary opportunities for learning, dialogue, and community-building. The GTU serves as a generative intersection of the world's...
Daniel LehmannLetter from the PresidentPresident
The governing body of the GTU is its Board of Trustees, responsible for the academic graduate programs offered by the GTU as an accredited institution. The Board of Trustees includes representation from the community, GTU member schools, and faculty. The decisions of the Board of Trustees are implemented by the President of the GTU as it Chief Executive Officer.
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OperaBalletOrchestraChorusAcademy
Timur Martynov
Timur Martynov was born in 1979 to a family of musicians. At the age of eight he started to study trumpet with Georgy Kaminsky and continued his studies at the St. Petersburg Conservatory with Prof. Yuri Bolshiyanov, later getting the internship at the Luxemburg Conservatory of Music, where he studied with Malte Burba, Jouko Harjanne, Charles Consbruck and Roman Zaremba. Diploma receiver of the Prague Spring International Competition (Czech Republic), prize-winner of the Maurice André competition (France), the International Raimo Sarmas Competition (Finland) and other.
At the age of sixteen he made his debut as an orchestra member at the St. Petersburg State Academic Symphony Orchestra under the direction by Ravil Martynov. From 2003 until 2005 he was principal trumpet at the National Philharmonic Orchestra of Russia. Later in 2005 he was invited by Teodor Currentzis to work at the Novosibirsk Opera and Ballet Theatre as principal trumpet of the symphony orchestra and the Chamber Orchestra musicAeterna. From 2007 Timur Martynov has been principal trumpet of the Mariinsky Orchestra.
During his career Timur has given performances at many prestigious venues around the world and participated in various festivals like BBC Proms (Great Britain), Salzburg Music Festival (Austria), Beethoven Festival (Germany), Diaghilev Festival, Stars of the White Nights and the Moscow Easter Festival (Russia). In 2010 at the BBC Proms he performed solo trumpet part in Mahler's Fifth Symphony with the World Orchestra for Peace.
In 2012 he performed the solo trumpet part at the recording of Shostakovich's Piano Concerto No. 1 for Mariinsky label (Denis Matsuev, piano, Valery Gergiev, conductor) and in 2018 the first trumpet part at the recording of Mahler's Sixth Symphony with musicAeterna orchestra for Sony Classical (Teodor Currentzis, conductor).
Timur Martynov gives master-classes in Russia and abroad and since 2019 has been teaching at the St. Petersburg Conservatory and at the Special music school of the conservatory.
From 2018 Timur Martynov is the Schagerl Artist.


Fiber-based show network binds diverse technologies
george kotelly
High-speed backbone networks, high-bandwidth applications, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) technology and the Internet constituted the primary areas of focus for attendees at the spring Networld+Interop 96 conference held at the Las Vegas Convention Center last month. Although the event is widely known as a local area network (LAN) product show rather than a networking technology conference, several fiber-optic companies profiled a range of new Synchronous Optical Network (Sonet), Fibre Channel, Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) and optoelectronics products. The center of attention, however, proved to be an integrated fiber-optic/copper-wire network called InteropNet, which linked virtually every exhibitor booth throughout the North and South Halls of the huge convention center to a network operations center in the front lobby.
The topics that dominated the nearly 40 general conference sessions were computer-telephony integration, network connectivity, ATM and switched networks, enterprise applications and the Internet. Most of the sessions focused on the demands for increased network bandwidth. As Bill Gates, chairman and chief executive of Microsoft Corp., stated in the opening keynote address, the weakness of the Internet "is the speed of the connections." Moreover, Hewlett-Packard`s Optical Communications Division disclosed a marketing communications trend: The company is shifting from "information" to "speed of communication" as a competitive product tool.
Session speakers presented their views on resolving the issues of cost-effectively selecting the proper network equipment--such as switches, hubs, routers or concentrators--and the best implemented networking protocols--such as frame relay, asymmetric distributed subscriber line (ADSL), Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), time division multiplexing (TDM), transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP), FDDI or ATM. Moving up to ATM technology and achieving greater than 100-megabit-per-second network speeds seemed to represent the overall session views for meeting increased network transmission demands.
In another keynote address, John Gerdelman, president of networkMCI Services, MCI Communications Corp., predicted that the winners in the new information-centered age will be those who understand the power and possibilities that stem from the convergence of networks and computers, and who manage information to a competitive advantage.
Set up as a "living laboratory" just inside the main entrance of the convention center, the network operations center served as the central control of the InteropNet network (see Fig. 1). Show attendees were able to view the center in action during the entire show. Networking equipment and personnel worked in a large "fishbowl-type" area surrounded by Plexiglas walls.
InteropNet functioned both as a demonstration network and a technology showcase. It served as a networking industry catalyst by enabling exhibitors who contributed hardware and software to participate in a production-type network. In addition, this leading-edge experimental network "pushes the envelope of various technologies," according to Ron Pashby, an InteropNet operations center team member from the University of New Hampshire Interoperability Laboratory.
In operation for nearly every one of more than 500 exhibitor booths, InteropNet provided an event-oriented enterprise architecture that transferred high-bandwidth, multiprotocol, multivendor voice, video and data communications in demonstrating the latest network, intranet and Internet technologies. During the Las Vegas show, it continuously delivered communications applications dealing with stable and dependable network technologies; safe and newly tested network technologies that are not yet ready for full-scale implementation, such as ATM and LAN emulation; innovative and self-contained technologies used in an experimental environment to analyze suitability for future use, such as 622-Mbit/sec OC-12 ATM; and new, experimental network technologies that are setting pioneer boundaries. In this manner, exhibitors were able to showcase functionality and interoperability among their own network hardware and software products and with those of other vendors, including their competitors.
Basically, InteropNet comprised two fiber-optic backbone networks: a primary ATM network running at 155 Mbits/sec, with a mesh of dedicated permanent virtual circuits between routers; and a dual-ring, redundant, FDDI network running at 100 Mbits/sec. Two core routers attached to the backbone networks protected connectivity and provided added redundancy.
Using both fiber-optic cables and twisted-pair copper wires, the routers served the exhibitor booths with multipoint video over ATM; ATM-to-Ethernet with LAN emulation; 622-Mbit/sec OC-12 ATM link; 10Base-T, 100Base-T and 100VG-AnyLAN; as well as Ethernet and Token Ring network technologies. The network also employed various software operating systems, such as Windows NT, Windows 95, Windows 3.1, DOS, NetWare 4.1, AIX, IRIX, Solaris 2.4 and 2.5, LS 4.14 and Linux.
According to Mike Millikin, senior vice president of Networld+Interop, "Creation of the InteropNet reflects all the demands found in today`s organization: integration of classical and emerging technologies, connection of multiple and remote sites, integration of different media and protocols, and the creation of intranets and links to the Internet."
The parts
The 6000-node InteropNet contained 90 miles of fiber-optic cable that interconnected all the concentrator and router network equipment racks distributed throughout the show floor to the ATM and FDDI backbone networks. The racks housed approximately 4000 pieces of internetworking equipment valued at more than $15 million.
As many as 29 fiber strands were enclosed in 62 thick, military-grade cables for strength and environmental protection. Special quick-disconnect connectors and standard patch panels allow fast prepatching and "hot-state" cable connections that saved network installation and operational time.
"Rib" networks linked the exhibitor booths to the equipment racks--called "peds" for pedestals. The 24 concentrator pedestals used 120 miles of Category 5 twisted-pair wire for handling the 10Base-T, 100Base-T, 100VG-AnyLAN and Token Ring copper network technologies. The six router pedestals employed multimode fiber cables for transporting ATM megabit-network and Sonet gigabit-network transmissions.
All the InteropNet cables and equipment were donated by the 110 communications companies and academic institutions that make up the InteropNet Contributors Program. Communications market competitors, therefore, worked together to determine networking solutions for the common benefits of education, interoperability and open standards.
What`s more, the InteropNet was designed, implemented and operated by voluntary members of the network operations center team. These members are engineering experts from the commercial, government and academic sectors of the networking industry. They set up the InteropNet under tight time constraints--about three days--and deployed about the same amount of fiber and copper as are installed in a new skyscraper building.
Commented Steve Hultquist, president of Worldwide Solutions Inc. and a member of the network operations center, "Unlike the protected environments in which many technology feats are performed, the InteropNet is the fire of reality that refines the technology and proves exactly what can be accomplished in networking today."
The fiber products
Despite the Networld+Interop show`s reputation for being a copper networking and product show, a smattering of fiber-optics-based companies took the opportunity to present new fiber-optic and optoelectronic products.
Four members of the Fibre Channel Association--Ancor Communications Inc. of Minnetonka, MN; Interphase Corp. of Dallas, TX; Jaycor of San Diego, CA; and Systran Corp. of Dayton, OH--unveiled PCI-based host adapters, a Fibre Channel switch, remote FTP software and host adapters based on VME and Sbus standards. Other association members that displayed Fibre Channel products were Ancot, Emulex, Hewlett-Packard, HP`s Canadian Networks Operation, Raidtec, Vitesse Semiconductor and Western Digital.
Ancor presented Lightspeed FTP, a Unix software application that boosts the speed of large file transfers across LANs and wide area networks. This applications works effectively in Fibre Channel networks that do not have to support such upper layer protocols as TCP/IP. To demonstrate the software, two workstations were connected to the company`s Fibre Channel switches to drive memory-to-memory transfers at 1-Gbit/sec speeds.
Interphase showed its Model 5526 Fibre Channel host adapter, which provides single-port connectivity from a PCI slot. The adapter supports 1062-, 531- and 266-megabaud link speeds and Class 1, 2 or 3 Fibre Channel services. In addition, it accommodates all three Fibre Channel topologies--arbitrated loop, point-to-point and switched fabric--as well as 16,384 concurrent SCSI input/output operations.
A PCI host adapter that handles full- and quarter-speed Fibre Channel data transfers and a quarter-speed Fibre Channel switch and were put through their paces by Jaycor.
Systran displayed the FibreXpress family of Fibre Channel host adapters. These adapters serve in PCI, VME and Sbus architectures and support 266-Mbaud or 1.062-gigabaud data transmission rates, 100-megabyte-per-second data rates and Fibre Channel Class 1, 2 or 3 communications. Moreover, each adapter card contains 128 or 512 kilobytes of buffer memory and works with either fiber-optic cable or copper wire.
The Optical Communications Division of Hewlett-Packard presented Fibre Channel and FDDI component products. The Fibre Channel devices provide the protocol and physical layer interfaces needed to implement a complete system bus to serial interface connection for under $100. One product, a mass-storage protocol integrated circuit compatible with HP`s Tachyon architecture, supports Fibre Channel layers FC-1 through FC-4 for Class 3, 100-Mbit/sec, arbitrated-loop applications. It incorporates a 33-megahertz, 32/64-bit, PCI-bus interface and a parallel interface to the physical layer that complies with the 10-bit interface specification.
Another Hewlett-Packard product, the FDX1125B transceiver, supports FDDI interoperability requirements. It combines 1300-nanometer Fabry-Perot laser sources, PIN detectors and SC-duplex connectors in a 1 ¥ 9-pin package. In addition to extending transmission distances to 14.4 kilometers, the device permits an upgrade path to singlemode fiber for networks that currently use multimode fiber. Moreover, the transceiver offers compatibility with the company`s SDX1155B Sonet/SDH/ATM transceiver and serves as a drop-in replacement for HP`s line of light-emitting diode multimode fiber-optic transceivers.
Robert Mayer, Fibre Channel product marketing manager; Michael Hartmann, business manager; and David Herron, public relations manager; all at the HP Fiber Optics Components Operation, shared some industry insights on future optical developments expected during 1996 and beyond. These trends anticipate IEEE.802 LANs to become gigabit networks, ATM/Sonet networks to function mainly at OC-48 or 2.5 Gbits/sec, low-cost plastic fiber connections and high-speed optical backplanes to emerge, and parallel optics N-plex multichannel transceivers to be developed for telecommunications switching equipment.
OnStream Networks added 155-Mbit/sec Sonet OC-3 and high-speed serial user-network-interface modules with advanced traffic management capabilities to its CS600 ATM access products. The modules implement the deep buffer, early packet discard and traffic prioritization capabilities of the CS600`s Intellistream architecture to provide cost-effective ATM services access, TDM-to-ATM network migration and interactive voice and video, stored and live video and high-speed data communications.
"The CS600 ATM access platform supports sophisticated traffic shaping over ATM/Sonet and high-speed serial networks," claimed David Yates, vice president of marketing. The product integrates traffic from the user`s premises using native interfaces before adapting the traffic for final ATM switching. According to several industry analysts, shaping traffic and supporting low-to-high-speed ATM services are crucial to successful ATM deployment.
Positron Fiber Systems Inc. showed its Osiris-Micro Sonet access multiplexer that adds fiber network support to digital loop carrier cabinets (see Fig. 2). Although it comes in a small (7 ¥ 8.75 ¥ 10-inch) 5-card-slot rack, the unit performs like a full Sonet OC-3 add/drop multiplexer. It supports unidirectional path-switched rings; remote configuration, administration and network management and provisioning; and two, four or seven DS-1, one DS-3 and one or two Ethernet LAN interfaces.
Andrew Knott, vice president of marketing, points out, "The Osiris-Micro is less than half the cost and one-fourth the size of other OC-3 multiplexers. Users can use this technology for campus and metropolitan area networks in applications previously relegated to proprietary fiber point-to-point access solutions."
Siecor Corp., Hickory, NC, introduced several fiber cabling products for premises networks. Its Plug and Play system provides jumpers to connect the desktop to fiber-optic outlets, prestubbed outlets to establish optical connections to the telecommunications closet, prestubbed telecommunications closets to establish optical connections to the fiber distribution center, jumpers to connect the main crossconnect to data centers, and preconnectorized cable to establish connections at an already installed base. All products are available preconnectorized on one or both ends, thereby permitting field-installable connections.
The company`s LANscape Solutions comprise a line of tip-to-tip products and design-through-operation services for premises network fiber cabling. The products include fiber-optic cables, termination and splice equipment, hardware items, cable assemblies, tool kits, test equipment, and the Plug and Play units. The services encompass design assistance, proposal preparation, fiber-optic training programs, on-site engineering support, and equipment rental and leasing programs. q
Blog - Network Security: It's Time to Consider Passive Optical LAN
John Hoover
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Robots in the Data Center
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Super /
Vision Super moves to Acurity platform
Industry fund Vision Super is set to implement software provider Financial Synergy's administration platform.
Financial Synergy will manage Vision Super's administration process through its Acurity platform, which also includes a digital service offering for members.
Vision Super chief executive Stephen Rowe said the move was motivated by the need to provide more flexibility to members.
"This project will bring Vision Super's administration operations firmly into the digital age," he said.
"It will reduce our administration costs, increase administration efficiencies and make doing business with the fund easier for members and employers.
"Employers and members will have a better experience when they engage with the fund online. The websites for employers and members will be clearer, have more functionality, and better usability. They will be able to do what they need easier and faster.
"It also helps us make the complete shift from the paper age to digital. We will be able to send correspondence to members – and receive it – in the way they want and expect information in this day and age," Mr Rowe said.
Financial Synergy chief executive Stephen Mackley said: "Acurity allows a fund like Vision Super to take advantage of the additional functionality provided by a core platform and yet continue to deliver a truly differentiated experience for their fund using the in-built flexibility of the platform."
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How Facebook is stepping up its plans to immediately gratify gamers
Dean Takahashi@deantak	 June 16, 2018 9:10 AM
Above: Leo Olebe and Franco DeCesare of Facebook games.
Image Credit: Dean Takahashi
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Facebook isn't a game company, but it knows a lot about games and gamers. During last week's Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3), the big video game trade show in Los Angeles, the company released data that showed the biggest interest in E3 was in the U.S. The most discussed games were Resident Evil, Fortnite, and Super Mario. Sony was the most-talked about game company, and The Last of Us Part II had the most buzz going into the show.
And another thing it has learned is that gamers want more immediate gratification. E3 was once a retail show where companies showed off games that people could buy six months later. Now it's about getting a share of billions of eyeballs during the show and getting gamers to take some kind of action. It's about live broadcasts of events such as esports tournaments or game reveals.
The company had a couple of booths at E3 where it streamed live broadcasts with influential hosts such as Andrea Rene (I went on stage with her for an E3 recap), Darkness429, MelonieMac, and StoneMountain64. It also touted its Women in Gaming initiative, and it hosted live panel discussions at E3 Coliseum.
I spoke about these matters at E3 with Leo Olebe, global director of games partnerships at Facebook, and Franco DeCesare, head of console and online gaming at Facebook. Here's an edited transcript of our interview.
Above: Andrea Rene and Dean Takahashi on Facebook Live at E3 2018.
Leo Olebe: It's a big year, a big E3 for Facebook, Facebook Gaming, all the different areas that we're involved in the gaming community and the games business. We have our first ever creator presence on the show floor, which is a big deal. January we announced our Facebook Gaming creator program, and then just last week we talked about FB.GG, having a great place for people to go consume gaming video, screenshots, all sorts of games content. We have people in our creator booth, and we have a presence in the west hall lobby, and of course up here in the business center.
We've announced a lot of things in the last couple of weeks, but at the end of the day it's just being more committed than ever. Every year we try to do as much as we can to give people the power to build community and bring them closer together. That's Facebook's mission. In our context we're doing it with games.
Franco DeCesare: We're also partnered again with the E3 Coliseum and the ESA. All of the panels have been streamed on Facebook. We've also integrated with our Women in Gaming initiative, which has a presence on the show floor. We've tried to integrate everything across the board. We have a panel on Wednesday night that Andrea will moderate, telling the story of women in the industry, how they're thriving and driving more diversity in the industry. We've worked to talk about storytelling in the industry and how more women characters are part of that.
GamesBeat: It seems like more immediate gratification is part of the show. It used to be that, as a retail show, you were getting people excited about buying something six months later. Now you have live downloads right now, like Fortnite for the Switch. Everyone's succeeded in bringing the eyeballs to the show, and then you want to do something with that, some action, whether it's a download or an esports tournament or 100 hours of programming.
DeCesare: I think it breaks down to the conversation data we're looking at. One thing that's interesting, if you look at what we captured a month ago and what we've seen leading up to E3, and probably we'll see what comes after—there's a lot of franchises and games that are perennial. This is an industry that used to focus on each year's games. Now you see that Minecraft is still up there. Fortnite is still up there. PUBG is still up there. These are games that are played ongoing, all the time. We see the community talking about them on our platform.
At the same time, it's good to see some of the newer announcements and reveals in the last 48 to 72 hours still coming up. There's still an ability to grab the conversation and make a splash. We saw Kingdom Hearts and Fallout on the list. But it's interesting to see these gaming brands stay part of the conversation in the community.
Above: Britney Brombachter (left) interviews Maja Moldenhauer of Studio MDHR.
Olebe: It feels like future is here. That future being community at the heart of almost every single conversation and every single promotion we're seeing on the show floor. To your point, no longer having to wait for those things, and understanding that what consumers want today—I want it on my device. I want to play what I want. I want to watch what I want. I want to do it all when I want to. It puts the community at the forefront, which is great for Facebook and Messenger and Instagram and all the things we're doing in any number of ways.
It feels very familiar as well. I think of a lot of context around MMOs. I worked on MMOs for a long time. Those core community elements, letting the community lead the way with their feedback and ideas and motivations—it's just a really exciting time.
GamesBeat: Do you feel like this plays into your plans, or do you have more things to do to accommodate that need for immediate gratification?
Olebe: I think that it's a great time to be a part of Facebook Gaming, and a great time to be a part of Facebook and Instagram and Messenger and Oculus and all the companies we have that are thinking about bringing content to the masses and engaging with people. We're in the right place at the right time, but our journey, as we always say, it's only one percent finished. There are more things to build, more things to focus on.
It's a continuation of our core mission and what we're trying to do overall, which is make it a lot easier for communities to engage with each other and support, promote, show off the games they love and care about. I feel great about it. As a company, we think this is a fantastic time to be in games.


Earthquake ready? Some Washington schools not ready for 'The Big One'
Posted 4:31 PM, July 13, 2016, by Nadia Romero, Updated at 06:28PM, July 13, 2016
DES MOINES, Wash. -- There's a 15 percent chance of a magnitude 9 earthquake hitting our area, according to the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network.
It's been warning about the dangers of old, outdated schools not ready for The Big One Since the 1980s. But school districts argue it all comes down to money.
Des Moines Elementary School, within the Highline Public Schools, was built in 1925 and hasn't seen updates since. A community committee recommended Highline Public Schools replace Des Moines Elementary and Highline High School. But without the money, the school district argues it can't be done.
"Scares me to death. Absolutely scares me to death," said Des Moines Elementary grandparent Kristi Kelly.
Kelly has a grandson who attends Des Moines Elementary. It's a 91-year-old school she fears won't hold up in a quake.
"It's frightening that our kids are there in a school that is fairly rundown and is not prepared," said Kelly.
The Pacific Northwest Seismic Network studies schools that will be impacted by an earthquake.
"There are numerous districts that have a 90% chance of very severe damage or even collapsing during an earthquake," said Bill Steele, director of outreach and public information for the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network.
But many districts say they just don't have the money to retrofit schools for earthquakes.
"Unless we pass a voter-approved bond, we don't have the funds to make the kinds of safety improvements that we would like to make for our schools," said Catherine Carbone Rogers, chief communications officer for Highline Public Schools.
Voters have failed to pass Highline Public School bonds for the past 10 years, leaving students at Des Moines Elementary and Highline High vulnerable.
"I think we need to find a way. Even if that means our taxes will go up because of it, just for the safety of our children," said parent Angela Tessier, a resident of Des Moines.
Instead of looking at property taxes, our neighboring state of Oregon looked to its legislature.
"Putting about $125M a year into fixing their worst school districts and they've done a statewide assessment of their school districts," said Steele.
The assessment of this school is clear. The solution is to replace the building, not just retrofitting.
"There are ways to retrofit other buildings. It's expensive work and it doesn't do the whole job that we need to do in terms of all the safety and educational improvements we want to make," said Carbone Rogers.
So now the call is back on parents to make the change.
"They need to be lobbying and making some noise to the school district to improve that ...They may not be able to get to their children to a day or two after an earthquake," said Steele.
The Seattle Public Schools released a statement reading, in part, "Since 2010, the district has earmarked $100 million from capital levies approved by Seattle voters for seismic retrofits at more than 50 schools."
Next week, the Highline School Board will vote to see if the bond issue recommended by the community committee should appear on the November ballot.
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Awards September 6, 2019 American Theatre Editors Leave a comment
Adams and Reisch Foundation Names 2019 Idea Award Winners
The foundation recognizes Tina Howe, Adrienne Kennedy, Dave Harris, Kit Yan, and Melissa Li.
NEW YORK CITY: The Bret Adams and Paul Reisch Foundation has named the three recipients of the 2019 Idea Awards for Theatre. The three awards include the Ollie Award, given to an ambitious play; the Vivace Musical Theatre Award recognizes a "big-idea musical"; and the Tooth of Time Award aims to encourage established artists to continue their creativity. An awards ceremony will be presented on Sept. 23 at New Dramatists in New York City.
Tina Howe.
Two inaugural 2019 Tooth of Time Distinguished Career Awards will be presented to Tina Howe and Adrienne Kennedy. Each of these accomplished playwrights will receive a cash prize of $20,000.
This year's Ollie New Play Award, with a $30,000 prize, will be given to playwright Dave Harris.
The 2019 Vivace Musical Theatre Award will be awarded to the composer/lyricist team, Kit Yan and Melissa Li, with a $30,000 prize.
"The Bret Adams and Paul Reisch Foundation has created the 'Idea Awards for Theatre' to encourage expansive, idea-driven artworks with inherently theatrical ways of illuminating big ideas and concepts," said Bruce Ostler, vice president and board member of the Bret Adams and Paul Reisch Foundation, in a statement. "We are giving these awards to dare these writers to theatricalize something wild and brave."
Howe's full-length plays include The Nest, Birth and After Birth, Museum, The Art of Dining, Painting Churches, Coastal Disturbances, Approaching Zanzibar, One Shoe Off, Pride's Crossing, Rembrandt's Gift, Chasing Manet, and Singing Beach. These works premiered at the Public Theater, Second Stage, the Old Globe, Lincoln Center, the Actors Theater of Louisville, the Atlantic Theater Company, Primary Stages, and others. Among her many awards are an Obie for Distinguished playwriting, a Tony nomination for Best Play, an Outer Critics Circle Award, a Rockefeller grant, two N.EA fellowships, a Guggenheim, an American Academy of Arts and Letters Award in Literature, the Sidney Kingsley Award, the New York Drama Critics' Circle Award, a Lucille Lortel Award, the William Inge Award for Distinguished Achievement in the American Theatre, a Lilly Award for Lifetime Achievement, a PEN Master American Playwright award, an Alfred Sloan Science Foundation award, two honorary degrees, and induction into the 2017 Theater Hall of Fame. She is a two-time finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in Drama and taught playwrighting for close to 40 years; first in the Department of Dramatic Writing at NYU, then as visiting professor at Hunter College since 1990, going on to launch the Rita and Burton Goldberg MFA in Playwriting in 2010, as playwright-residence.
Kennedy continues to influence the world through her art. She was the recipient of the 2003 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Anisfield-Wolf Book Awards, an Obie Award for Lifetime Achievement Award, the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Writers' Award, the American Academy of Arts and Letters in Literature Award, and was inducted into the Theatre Hall of Fame in 2018. She was also granted a Guggenheim Fellowship for Creative Writing, awarded the Pierre Lecomte du Novy Award, and ended her academic career teaching at Harvard. Kennedy was playwright-in-residence at the Signature Theatre in New York City during their 1996-97 season. Her plays include Funnyhouse of a Negro, A Movie Star Has to Star in Black and White, He Brought Her Heart Back in a Box, A Rat's Mass, Mom How Did You Meet the Beatles, adaptations of Electra and Orestes, and Cities in Bezique, commissioned by Joe Papp for the second season of the Public Theater.
Harris is a poet and playwright from West Philadelphia. He is the Tow Playwright in Residence at Roundabout Theatre Company, a Cave Canem Poetry Fellow, and a Venturous Fellow at the Lark. His plays have been produced or developed at Actors Theatre of Louisville, Roundabout Underground, Manhattan Theatre Club, Victory Gardens, the Kennedy Center, Oregon Shakespeare Festival, SPACE on Ryder Farm, the Ground Floor at Berkeley Rep, and Ojai Playwrights Conference amongst others. His play Everybody Black won the Kennedy Center's Lorraine Hansberry Award and Mark Twain Award, and his play White History was a semi-finalist for the Relentless Award. His first full-length collection of poetry, Patricide, was published in May 2019 from Button Poetry. Dave received his B.A. from Yale and is a third year MFA playwright at UC San Diego.
Yan is a New York-based artist, born in Enping, China, and raised in the Kingdom of Hawaii. They are a Dramatists Guild Foundation Fellow, 2019 Lincoln Center Writer in residence, 2019 MacDowell Fellow, 2019-2020 Musical Theater Factory Makers Fellow, 2019-20 Playwright's Center Many Voices Fellow, and a 2019 NAMT selection for Interstate. Yan's forthcoming works, with collaborator Melissa Li, include a production of Interstate at Mixed Blood Theater, as well as commissions from 5th Avenue Theatre and Keen Company. Interstate won 5 awards at the 2018 New York Musical Festival including Best Lyrics. Yan's show Queer Heartache has won five awards at the Chicago and SF Fringe Festivals. Their work has been produced by the American Repertory Theater, the Smithsonian, Musical Theater Factory, the New York Musical Festival, Diversionary Theater, and Dixon Place. They have been a resident with the Civilians, Mitten Lab, 5th Avenue Theatre, and the Village Theater. In 2018, Yan founded Translab, an incubator for transgender and non-binary voices in the American theatre, alongwith MJ Kaufman with support from WP Theater and the Public Theater.
Li is a composer, lyricist, performer, and writer based in New York and Baltimore. She is a recipient of the Jonathan Larson Award, a Dramatists Guild Foundation Fellow, a Macdowell Colony Fellow, a Lincoln Center Theater Writer-in-Residence, a Musical Theater Factory MAKER, and a former Queer|Art|Mentorship Fellow. Musicals include Interstate (2019 NAMT Festival Selection, 2018 New York Musical Festival Winner for "Outstanding Lyrics"), Surviving the Nian (the Theater Offensive, IRNE Award Winner for "Best New Play" 2007), and 99% Stone (the Theater Offensive). Her works have received support from the 5th Avenue Theatre, the Village Theater, Musical Theatre Factory, National Performance Network, New England Foundation for the Arts, Mixed Blood Theatre, Dixon Place, and others.
Adrienne KennedyDave HarrisIdea AwardsKit YanMelissa LiThe Bret Adams and Paul Reisch FoundationTina Howe
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Bills seeking versatility up front
Bills head coach Chan Gailey made no secret of the fact that his defense in 2011 will be multiple in nature calling it a hybrid 3-4 that will incorporate "some four man fronts." Though they will primarily be a 3-4 scheme there will be some noticeable 4-3 elements, likely on a weekly basis come next season. The task now in effectively implementing that is adding to the talent pool already on the roster. With a draft class steeped in defensive line talent that also possesses crossover ability, the task for the Bills could prove to be a realistic one to accomplish.
"Outside linebacker to me and the defensive linemen are the deepest areas," said Bills GM Buddy Nix.
Many draft analysts believe that up to eight or nine defensive ends alone could come off the board in round one. The end class is that deep. The defensive tackle class isn't far behind. As many as two or three interior defenders could come off the board in round one as well. One of the main reasons why in addition to talent is scheme versatility.
NFL Network analyst Michael Lombardi explains why the class is so plentiful in multiple scheme defenders.
"I think you can really see the trend this year," said NFL Network analyst Michael Lombardi. "There are not as many 330-pound defensive linemen that we've seen in the past. Again the college game has become such a horizontal game that you need speed and athleticism. So it's a completely different the way the college game and pro games have changed."
Looking at the three prospects widely thought to be the best defensive linemen in the draft in Da'Quan Bowers, Marcell Dareus and Nick Fairley, all of them are seen as multiple scheme players.
"Those guys are going to help anybody," said Nix. "This is really a draft heavy in defensive talent and pass rush guys. You talk about the scheme, these guys will fit in any scheme. They're football players. I know Chan has said we're going to be hybrid, which we were and will be."
Bowers played predominantly in a 4-3 defense, but at 275 pounds and armed with an unusually strong upper body even one of the pass rusher's former Clemson teammates believes Bowers could handle an end role in a 3-4 set.
"Oh without a doubt," said Bills running back C.J. Spiller. "He's a man amongst boys. He's a big guy. The thing about him is whatever the coaches ask of him he's going to do it. He's strong enough and he's quick enough so I think a role like that wouldn't be any concern for him. I know I wouldn't worry about him handling it."
Dareus played end in Nick Saban's 3-4 scheme at Alabama, but could very easily kick inside and play defensive tackle. At 6'3 1/8" and 319 pounds, some NFL clubs believe Dareus could even handle a nose tackle role in a 3-4.
"I can play multiple positions," said Dareus. "I think I would fit pretty well anywhere. At 'Bama we played a little four man (front) mixed in with our three man (front) and did some rotating. I think I could adapt pretty well. I've played three-technique, defensive end, nose, a little bit of everything."
Meanwhile Fairley, who played predominantly a three-technique defensive tackle role in Auburn's 4-3 system is certainly capable of playing at end in a 3-4 at 6'4" 291 pounds.
"I think I could play anywhere," Fairley said. "I can play in the 3-4 or 4-3. It doesn't matter to me. I could play end. I could play the shade, three-technique or grind at the five (technique)."
Some fits are naturally better than others, but there appears to be a healthy quantity of top flight talent in this year's class. The key according to Gailey is tailoring your scheme to a premier player's strengths.
"You find the best players you can find and you work your defense around whoever the best football players are," he said. "If you're leaner and you're better in a four man front you're going to spend more time in a four man front if that's who the people you get. If the people are more driven toward the 3-4 then that's what you'll do the majority of the time."
"We're still drafting for a 3-4 scheme and we will, but there are times where you get a guy like Kyle Williams," said Nix. "I don't care what defense you're playing you need to get guys like that in a position to make plays and that's what we'll do. If we had to kick it down to an under front and let a guy play in a three-technique (outside shade of guard) instead of a five (outside shade of tackle) that's easily done. These guys are football players and they make plays. Your scheme has got to be adaptable enough to get them in a place to let them play."
Nix has stated this offseason that he believes his team needs to add two more defensive ends, which has become all the more pressing in the wake of the Marcus Stroud release.
"You'd like to have five of those guys and we will," said Nix. "We'll get them somewhere."
NFL Network draft analyst Mike Mayock believes scheme versatility on the defensive line stretches all the way to round three this year, which should only help the Bills first line of defense.
"There are really good 3-4 ends this year," he said. "I'm very impressed with J.J. Watt from Wisconsin. He can play inside or outside. I think he's a monster and he could be gone in the middle of round one. Cam Jordan from Cal is another. He had a great week at Senior Bowl. He's a five-technique DE. Cam Heyward from Ohio State. If you put their bowl game on he dominated that game. He was phenomenal against Arkansas. Muhammad Wilkerson from Temple he might be there in the second round, but he's a first-round player. He can play end in a 3-4 or inside in a 4-3. You could even pick up a Brandon Bair from Oregon in the third round or fourth round. There are a bunch of those 3-4 defensive ends out there this year."