Mohajir militancy in Pakistan
Khan, N., 10 Mar 2010, London, UK: Routledge. 208 p. (Routledge contemporary South Asia series)
Mohajir militancy in Pakistan: violence and transformation in the Karachi Conflict
Khan, N., Mar 2010, Abingdon and New York: Taylor & Francis. 208 p.
Molecular diversity assessed by VNTR and IS1296 typing of historical Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides SC strains
Varela, F., Inacio Silva, J. & Botelho, A., 15 Dec 2010, In: Veterinary Microbiology. 146, 3-4, p. 295-302 8 p.
Monodisperse monocomponent fuel droplet heating and evaporation
Kristyadi, T., Depredurand, V., Castanet, G., Lemoine, F., Sazhin, S., Elwardany, A. E., Sazhina, E. & Heikal, M., 31 Dec 2010, In: Fuel. 89, 12, p. 3995-4001 7 p.
Moral luck and computer ethics: Gauguin in cyberspace
Horner, D., 16 Jul 2010, In: Ethics and Information Technology. 12, 4, p. 299-312 14 p.
Motes in the Jungle: Lessons Learned from a Short-Term WSN Deployment in the Ecuador Cloud Forest
Ceriotti, M., Chini, M., Murphy, A. L., Picco, G. P., Cagnacci, F. & Tolhurst, B., 31 Dec 2010, Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Real-world wireless sensor networks. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, Vol. 6511. p. 25-36 12 p. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science).
Moving against the grain?: investigating the efficacy of a touch-based intervention in a climate of suspicion
MacIntyre, H., Colwell, J. & Ota, C., 1 Mar 2010, In: Pastoral Care in Education. 28, 1, p. 3-18 16 p.
Multi-centre parallel arm randomised controlled trial to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a group-based cognitive behavioural approach to managing fatigue in people with multiple sclerosis
Thomas, P. W., Thomas, S., Kersten, P., Jones, R., Nock, A., Slingsby, V., Green, C., Baker, R., Galvin, K. & Hillier, C., 16 Jun 2010, In: BMC Neurology. 10, p. 1-12 12 p.
Multiple roles for the tectorial membrane in the active cochlea
Lukashkin, A., Richardson, G. P. & Russell, I., 1 Jul 2010, In: Hearing Research. 266, 1-2, p. 26-35 10 p.
Muscle contractile function and neural control after repetitive endurance cycling
Ross, E., Gregson, W., Williams, K., Robertson, C. & George, K., 2 Jan 2010, In: Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 42, 1, p. 206-212 7 p.
Muscle full effect after oral protein: time-dependent concordance and discordance between human muscle protein synthesis and mTORC1 signaling
Atherton, P. J., Etheridge, T., Watt, P., Wilkinson, D. J., Selby, A., Rankin, D., Smith, K. & Rennie, M. J., Nov 2010, In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 92, 5, p. 1080-1088 9 p.
Museums and HE: rekindling the romance
Reynolds, R., 2010, From spark to flame: creating and sustaining motivation and inspiration in our learning community.
Mutagenesis of Propionibacterium acnes and analysis of two CAMP factor knock-out mutants
Sörensen, M., Mak, T. N., Hurwitz, R., Ogilvie, L., Mollenkopf, H., Meyer, T. F. & Brüggemann, H., Nov 2010, In: Journal of Microbiological Methods. 83, 2, p. 211-216 6 p.
Myeloid response and macrophage polarization in mouse melanoma lung metastasis
Gal, A., Tapmeier, T., Balathasan, L. & Muschel, R., 30 Jun 2010, 21st Meeting of the European Association for Cancer Research. Oslo: Elsevier, Vol. 8. p. 78-79 2 p. (European Journal of Cancer Supplements).
Nanoemulsion encapsulation and in vitro SLN models of delivery for cytotoxic methotrexate
Concannon, C., Hennelly, D. A., Noott, S. & Sarker, D., 1 Jun 2010, In: Current Drug Discovery Technologies. 7, 2, p. 123-136 14 p.
Nanoporosity of alumina surfaces induces different patterns of activation in adhering monocytes/ macrophages
Ferraz, N., Hoong, J., Santin, M. & Karlsson-Ott, M., Dec 2010, In: International Journal of Biomaterials. 2010
Goodson, I., Biesta, G. J. J., Tedder, M. & Adair, N., 24 Feb 2010, London: Routledge. 138 p.
NESTA Policy Briefing: The Money Game - Project finance and video games development in the UK
Bakhshi, H., Mateos-Garcia, J. & Gatland, T., Feb 2010, 12 p. London, UK : NESTA.
Network Level Deterioration Modelling: A case study on masonry arch bridges
Rafiq, M. I. & Sathananthan, S., 7 Jul 2010, Bridge Maintenance, Safety, Management and Life-Cycle Optimization: Proceedings of the Fifth International IABMAS Conference, Philadelphia, USA, 11-15. Sause, R., Frangopol, D. M. & Kusko, C. (eds.). Philadelphia, USA: CRC Press, 8 p.
Neuromusculoskeletal examination and assessment – a handbook for therapists
Petty, N., 1 Jul 2010, Japan: Ishiyakushuppan. 396 p.
Neville Cardus, Roger Angell and the art of Transatlantic sports journalism
Steen, R., 20 May 2010, Fifth International Conference for Literary Journalism Studies. Roehampton University, London, p. 0-0 1 p.
New Goulston Street shutter paintings: Animals that inhabited London before Humans
Goodall, J., 4 Aug 2010
New Media and the Politics of Online Communities
Mousoutzanis, A. (ed.) & Riha, D. (ed.), 2010, Oxford: Inter-disciplinary Press. 263 p.
Nigeria Training Needs Analysis for Ecotourism and Environmental Management Systems (EMS) Development
Novelli, M., 2010, Vienna, Austria : UNIDO.
No consensus between HCPs on diabetic foot care education
Mcinnes, A., 1 Jan 2010, In: Diabetic Foot. 13, 1, p. 29-38 10 p.
No lodgings to be had for love or money
Kaminski, J., 2010, In: Sussex Archaeological Collections. 148, p. 183-202 20 p.
Non-adherence to antihypertensive medication and impaired cognition: which comes first?
Gard, P., 2010, In: International Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 18, 5, p. 252-259 8 p.
Non-representational approaches to body-landscape relations
Macpherson, H., 2010, In: Geography Compass. 4, 1, p. 1-13 13 p.
Non Users in the Information Society. Learning from the older generation
Sourbati, M., 2010, Experiencing the Broadband Society. Gebhardt, J., Greif, H., Raycheva, L., Lobet-Maris, C. & Lasen, A. (eds.). Berlin: Peter Lang, Vol. II. p. 107-118 12 p.
Novel carbon-based materials for use in extracorporeal systems
Meikle, S., Mar 2010, 289 p.
Nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 is a dominant pathway for NOS2 induction in vascular smooth muscle cells: comparison with Toll-like receptor 4 responses in macrophages
Moreno, L., McMaster, S. K., Gatheral, T., Harrington, L., Cartwright, N., Armstrong, P. C. J., Warner, T. D., Paul-Clark, M. & Mitchell, J., 1 Aug 2010, In: British Journal of Pharmacology. 160, p. 1997-2007 11 p.
Numerical investigation of fresh water-suspended sediment mixtures discharging into saline ambient water
Georgoulas, A., Angelidis, P., Kotsovinos, N. & Panagiotidis, T. G., 1 Jan 2010, Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics. Athens, Greece: CRC Press, p. 547-552 6 p.
Nursing and collaborative practice
Bach, S. (ed.), Jun 2010, Exeter: Learning Matters Ltd. 208 p. (Transforming Nursing Practice)
Nutrition made Incredibly Easy
Martyn, K., 2010, London: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 396 p.
Object-based video coding with dynamic quality control
Cai, X., Ali, F. & Stipidis, E., 31 Mar 2010, In: Image and Vision Computing. 28, 3, p. 285-297 13 p.
Observational Learning through Professional Studio Practice
Boyes, A. & Cousens, C., Apr 2010, 5th International Conference Challenging the curriculum: exploring the discipline boundaries in art, design and media.
Occupational therapy and people with learning disabilities
Lillywhite, A. & Haines, D., 1 Jan 2010, London: College of Occupational Therapists.
Older people's family contacts and long-term care expenditure in OECD countries: a comparative approach using qualitative comparative analysis
Haynes, P., Hill, M. & Banks, L., Feb 2010, In: Social policy and administration. 44, 1, p. 67-84 18 p.
Schuman, A., 9 May 2010
On Going
Salkie, R., 16 Oct 2010, Distinctions in English grammar: offered to Renaat Declerck. Capelle, B. & Wada, N. (eds.). Tokyo: Kaitakusha, p. 169-190 22 p.
Online Obscenity and the Myths of Freedom: Dangerous Images, Child Porn and Neoliberalism
Maddison, S., 2010, Porn.com: Making Sense of Online Pornography. Peter Lang
On liquid films on an inclined plate
Benilov, E. S., Chapman, S. J., McLeod, J. B., Ockendon, J. R. & Zubkov, V., 2010, In: Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 663, p. 53-69
On the relative expressiveness of second-order spider diagrams and regular expressions
Stapleton, G. & Chapman, P., 2010, 16th International Conference on Distributed Multimedia Systems, Visual Languages and Computing. p. 283-288 6 p.
Ontological modelling to support the planning of IS development processes: a position paper
Hughes, R., 2010, Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development.
O Papel Da Inovação No Processo De Internacionalização De Empresas Brasileiras Do Setor De Tecnologia Da Informação E Comunicação
Ferreira Ribeiro, F., Rezende da Costa, P., Figlioli, A. & Ades, C., 2010, In: Revista Eletrônica de Negócios Internacionais (Internext). 5, 2, p. 140-166 27 p.
Order, duration and gap - take them all
Zheng, A., Ma, J., Petridis, M. & Xiao, B., 9 Jul 2010, 3rd IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (ICCSIT). IEEE, Vol. 2. p. 647-651 5 p.
Order reduction of a non-Lipschitzian model of monodisperse spray ignition
Sazhin, S., Shchepakina, E. & Sobolev, V., 2010, In: Mathematical and Computer Modelling. 52, 3-4, p. 529-537 9 p.
Outdoor recreation and the environment
Ravenscroft, N. & Gilchrist, P., 2010, The new politics of leisure and pleasure. Bramham, P. & Wagg, S. (eds.). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, p. 45-62 18 p.
Overcoming development adversity: how entrepreneurs led software development in India
Athreye, S. & Hobday, M., Jan 2010, In: International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development. 3, 1, p. 36-46 11 p.
Overcoming knowledge stickiness in scientific knowledge transfer
Blackman, D. & Benson, A., 24 Sep 2010, In: Public Understanding of Science. 21, 5


Overview - Current Focus
The Gunbang Action Group (GAG) is a voluntary coalition of community, business and government agencies. Its focus is on reducing risks arising from alcohol and other drug use in the Kakadu region. It works in partnership with the local Aboriginal people.
The GAG has formal responsibility for:
Managing a local Alcohol Management Plan;
Managing a local Volatile Substance Abuse Management Plan;
Oversight of a local Community Safety Plan.
The last GAG meeting was held on 3 April 2019. Some of the matters discussed:
The rules for the local ban system were clarified for people with health problems. Medical practitioners can advise that certain people should be banned from alcohol due to the high risk it poses to their health or recovery. Such a ban cannot be imposed, however, unless the individual to be banned is fully informed of the reasoning and agrees to the action.
Strategies to support the Jabiru Football Club in responding to players from Gunbalanya flying home with contradband. The club has already initiated a range of strategies to address the issue. GAG will provide further help by examining the legalities of baggage seraches and by advocating additional involvment of some key stakeholders.
Headline issues of the draft Liquor Act were raised and it was agreed a formal response may be submitted if review shows a need. The headline issues included:
primary objective of the Act shifting to be the minimisation of alcohol-related harm;
intoxication being re-defined so it incorporates people "appearing" to be impaired in behaviours;
the introduction of risk-based licensing fees; and,
new central role of the Liquor Commission.
Several projects were confirmed for future funding as Alcohol Action Initiatives. Four others are continuing: a photography course, the translation of resources and messages to local language, a Bininj mentoring program, and development of a "Men's Shed".
The Community Safety Plan was approved and signed off, along with a Monitoring Schedule to improve implementation and accoiuntablity of the strategies being pursued.
The Red Lily Health Board was congratulated on announcing the start of its service delivery on 1 April. This is after some ten years of talking and patience by many on both sides of the negotiations to transfer resources and responsiblities from government to the Aboriginal sector.
.Further details can be obtained by contacting GAG via details below.
The next GAG meeting is scheduled for 19 June 2019.
The Gunbang Action Group can be contacted by telephone on 08 89792200 / 0401114144 or at email gundjeihmi@mirarr.net.
This website is supported by the Gundjeihmi Aboriginal Corporation and seeding funds from Alcohol Strategy and Policy, Northern Territory Government.
Gunbang Action Group
Alcohol Management Plan
West Arnhem ID Card
Community Safety Plan
VSA Management Plan


Home » Service Manual Catalog » CANON Service Manuals » Copiers » SM_FC200
FC 200, 220, PC 400,420,430 copiers
FC 200, 220, PC 400, 420, 430 Copiers SERVICE MANUAL
This Service Manual provides information needed to service the plain paper copiers FC200/PC400(120V model), FC220/PC420(120V model), and PC430(LGL model) in the field.
�Basic Operation,� provides outlines of the copier's various mechanical workings.
�Exposure System,� discusses the principles of operation used for the copier's lens drive unit and scanner drive unit. It also explains the timing at which these drive units are operated, and shows how they may be disassembled/assembled and adjusted.
�Image Formation System,� discusses the principles of how images are formed. It also explains the timing at which the various units involved in image formation are operated, and shows how they may be disassembled/ assembled and adjusted.
�Pick-Up/Feeding System,� explains the principles used from when copy paper is picked up to when a copy is delivered in view of the functions of electrical and mechanical units and in relation to their timing of operation. It also shows how these units may be disassembled/assembled and adjusted.
�Fixing System,� explains the principles used to fuse toner images to transfer media in view of the functions of electrical and mechanical units and in relation to their timing of operation. It also shows how these units may be disassembled/assembled and adjusted.
�Externals/Auxiliary Mechanisms,� shows the copier's external parts, and explains the principles used for the copier's various control mechanisms in view of the functions of electrical and mechanical units and in relation to their timing of operation. It also shows how these units may be disassembled/assembled and adjusted.
�Installation,� introduces requirements for the site of installation, and shows how the copier may be installed using step-by-step instructions.
�Maintenance and Servicing,� provides tables of periodically replaced parts and consumables/durables and scheduled servicing charts.
�Troubleshooting,� provides tables of maintenance/inspection, standards/ adjustments, and problem identification (image fault/malfunction).
Appendix contains a general timing chart and general circuit diagrams.
The following rules apply throughout this Service Manual:
1. Each chapter contains sections explaining the purpose of specific functions and the relationship between electrical and mechanical systems with reference to the timing of operation.
In the diagrams, represents the path of mechanical drive where a signal name accompanies the symbol , the arrow indicates the direction of the electric signal.
The expression "turn on the power" means flipping on the power switch, closing the front door, and closing the delivery unit door, which results in supplying the machine with power.
2. In the digital circuits, '1' is used to indicate that the voltage level of a given signal is "High," while '0' is used to indicate "Low." (The voltage value, however, differs from circuit to circuit.)
In practically all cases, the internal mechanisms of a microprocessor cannot be checked in the field. Therefore, the operations of the microprocessors used in the machines are not discussed: they are explained in terms of from sensors to the input of the DC controller PCB and from the output of the DC controller PCB to the loads.
The descriptions in this Service Manual are subject to change without notice for product improvement or other purposes, and major changes will be communicated in the form of Service Information bulletins.
All service persons are expected to have a good understanding of the contents of this Service Manual and all relevant Service Information bulletins and be able to identify and isolate faults in the machine.
FORMAT: High resolution PDF document!
ZIP archive: 1 661 kB
comunicate ya 2013-02-22 18:31:11
CLAVE PARA REINICIAR MI CONTADOR DE IMPRESORA EPSON WORKFORCE 315
maxon byakost 2010-01-26 15:23:41
http://www.2manuals.com/product_info.php?products_id=1138
Put in the rest key, 20 seconds later up and running, great product, will continue to use you in the future and will recommend to friends, thanks a lot.
mamadou sambe 2018-01-11 19:10:39
massive thank you for everything, It amazes me this technology still can get my head round how easy it was for you to set my Epson printer working again just by me purchasing a number :-) Thanks again Kind regards
armando ro 2007-05-18 22:04:53
please service adjustment program for r220 the epson
Notify me of updates to FC 200, 220, PC 400,420,430 copiers


third sunday after trinity - choral eucharist
The Dean - The Very Revd Andrew Nunn
: Job 38.1-11; 2 Corinthians 6.1-13; Mark 4.35-41
It was a great treat a few weeks ago to be invited to stand on the stage of the Globe Theatre, just a short distance from here, and bless the stage and the theatre before it reopened after such a long period of darkness, of closure. As I left the stage the place came alive with all the fun of a rumbustious performance of 'A Midsummer Night's Dream'
But last weekend we returned for a very different experience, a production of 'The Tempest', the last play to be written by Shakespeare and perhaps written whilst he was a resident here in what's now the Cathedral parish.
The play opens, as you know, in a storm battered boat, the boatswain trying to keep control of the ship; the crew and the passengers being tossed around by the tempest that gives the play its name. It was a powerful moment as the actors threw themselves around the stage and we were drawn into the experience.
Some years ago we were on pilgrimage to the Holy Land. One of the highlights is always the boat trip on the Sea of Galilee, boarding from the hotel in which we're staying, if the level of the lake is high enough, and then sailing off to the centre of the lake where the engines can be turned off and in the silence and in the stillness and under a beating sun the passage that we've just heard is read. Except that on this particular occasion the weather was playing its part. There was a storm; it was pouring with rain and the wind was blowing it at us; the tarpaulin pulled across the boat was hardly keeping us dry. We read the passage and realised just what it might've been like for Jesus and his disciples.
Of course, most of them were used to the sea and the unpredictability of the weather. Most of them were fishermen. Most of them knew how to manage a boat in a storm, on the lake. Most of them should have been in their comfort zone – but it seems that all of them had been caught unawares and were at their wits end. As we just heard in the psalm (Psalm 107)
their soul melteth away because of the trouble.
They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man: and are at their wits' end.
It was this that the disciples were going through, for some reason, despite their skill, despite everything they knew and had experienced 'their soul melteth away'.
St Paul in his Second Letter to the Corinthians, our Second Reading, speaks of the turmoil, the tempest that he's been going through
in afflictions, hardships, calamities, beatings, imprisonments, riots, labours, sleepless nights, hunger.
The list is long and we recognise in it someone who has lived through all of what life can throw at us, all that can come along and set us off balance, so that we too 'reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man.' The tempest is not just something that we experience on water, in a boat, away from the land, as a victim of the elements of which God speaks to Job in our First Reading. The tempest can throw us off balance at any moment; our usual coping mechanisms seem to disappear, we're at our wits end.
The last fifteen months have tested us, perhaps beyond our limits. Though the effects of the pandemic have landed differently on each of us, we've all gone through this together and we're all going through this together. There's a tempest raging and we're still caught in it.
The postponement of so called 'Freedom Day' came as a blow and we can hardly dare to believe that what the Prime Minter is now calling the 'Terminus' on 19 July will actually happen. We stagger from dates to data and wonder how we can possibly find our way through to a better place.
Humanity has always cried out in anger and frustration to its Gods when things do not go well. The disciples give voice to what so many people have said before and after. Jesus is there asleep in the storm, he doesn't appear to be at all affected by what his friends are going through, oblivious to their fear, disengaged from their terror, seemingly uncaring of their torment. And in Mark's direct way of telling the gospel we hear all that panic emerging as they wake the Lord and say to him
'Teacher, do you not care that we are perishing?'
Do you not care?
And Jesus addresses the wind and he speaks to the waters and there is peace. 'Peace; be still' and he says it to us in whatever it is that you, that we, are going through at this moment and challenges us as to where our faith is. Peace; be still. The tempest isn't just outside, it's inside as well. Peace; be still.
'Please believe these days will pass.'
When we decided last year to invite Mark Titchner to install his art, not in the street, on billboards, but here in the Cathedral on a monumental scale and when it became clear that it would be pointless in Lent because the Cathedral was closed, yet again, we went for these weeks in June and July. And we thought that it would still be powerful. But we didn't realise just how poignant, how powerful, how timely it would be.
The God we worship, the God who in creation gave the boundaries to the seas and brought order out of chaos, the God who we know in Jesus, the God we meet at the altar in this Eucharist at the very heart of the tempest of our life, the God who finds us in the midst of the calamities that assail us, is the God who speaks peace into our hearts, into our now, into the storm that can threaten to overwhelm us.
But there is more to say. The poet William Wordsworth begins his poem 'After the storm' with these words
There was a roaring in the wind all night;
The rain came heavily and fell in floods;
But now the sun is rising calm and bright;
and the psalmist says something similar
'he bringeth them unto the haven where they would be.'
Thrown onto the shore of the mysterious island, Shakespeare's terrified travellers find themselves untouched by the storm and in a better place, a 'brave new world'.
God will bring us to a better place, God's brave new world, beyond the storm, that place of peace, of order restored, of calm, and here we glimpse it now. Wherever you are, whatever is going on around you, within you, Jesus speaks peace to you. Be still. The sun is rising calm and bright. Peace; be still.
Trinity Sunday - Choral Eucharist
Fourth Sunday after Trinity - Choral Evensong
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Vittek, Albert William, Normandy, France, Atlantic, Korean War, World War II (WWII)
Adapted from "Lieutenant Commander Albert W. Vittek, U. S. Navy, " [biography, dated 19 February 1959] in Biographies, 20th century collection, Navy Department Library.
Albert William Vittek
15 February 1921 - 2 June 2012
Albert William Vittek was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on 15 February 1921, son of Mr. and Mrs. Frank J. Vittek. He was graduated from Kenwood High School, Raspeburg, Maryland, in 1938, and on 11 July, that year enlisted in the US Navy as Seaman/Quartermaster 3. He was advanced to Quartermaster 2 in 1941, and from September 1941 to September 1943 made Quartermaster 1, Chief Quartermaster, and was commissioned Ensign, with date of rank 15 September 1943. He subsequently attained the rank of Lieutenant Commander, to date from 1 July 1954.
Prior to the outbreak of World War II, from September 1938 until August 1941, he served on board USS Sumner, a destroyer unit of the Atlantic Fleet. During the period September 1941 until September 1943, when he was commissioned in the US Navy, he served on board USS Tuscarora (YTB-341), and in October 1943 was assigned to USS Arikara (ATF-98), as Navigator. In that vessel he participated in the Invasion of Normandy, including the bombardment of Cherbourg, and the Allegheny, USS ATR-57, and USS Accokeek. From May 1948 to January 1950 he was a student (Navy 5-term Plan) at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, and during the next ten months he attended the General Line School, Newport, Rhode Island. In January 1951 he reported as First Lieutenant of USS Newport News (CA-148), and in November 1952 was detached with orders to USS Smalley, to which he reported in February 1953.
For fourteen months he served as Executive Officer and Navigator of USS Smalley, which won the Korean Presidential Unit Citation for service in June and July 1953 under the United Nations Command as a unit of Task Force 77 of the SEVENTH Fleet. Detached from the Smalley in March 1954, he reported to the Navy Department, Washington, DC, for a tour of duty in the Bureau of Naval Personnel. There he served in the Allowances and Complements Branch of the Requirements Division. He was a student at the Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island, from August 1956 to June 1957 then was ordered to sea as Commanding Officer of USS Dealey (DE-1006).
In addition to the Navy Unit Commendation Ribbon and the Korean Presidential Unit Citation Ribbon, Lieutenant Commander Vittek had the Good Conduct Medal with one Star; the American Defense Service Medal, Fleet Clasp; American Campaign Medal; European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with two stars; the Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal; World War II Victory Medal; Navy Occupation Service Medal, Europe Clasp; National Defense Service Medal; Korean Service Medal with one star; and the United Nations Service Medal.
Lieutenant Commander Vittek died on 2 June 2012.
Published: Mon Nov 30 08:44:38 EST 2020


Gospel of Judas
Gospel of Philip
Gospel of Truth
Gospel of Peter
Unknown Gospel: Egerton Papyrus 2
Gospel of Q
Infancy Gospel of James
Infancy Gospel of Thomas
The Stranger's Book
Manuscript Information
Bernhard's Online Essays (GJW)
The Gospel of Truth
by Mark M. Mattison
The following translation has been committed to the public domain and may be freely copied and used, changed or unchanged, for any purpose. It is based on the Coptic text of NHC I, 3. For information about the surviving manuscripts of the Gospel of Truth, see the Manuscript Information page. For additional information about the translation, see the introduction to the PDF version.
For additional reflections about the history, context, and meaning of the Gospel of Truth, see my book, The Gospel of Truth: The Mystical Gospel.
16 Page Number
[ ] Gap in the text
( ) Editorial insertion
16 The Gospel of Truth is a joy for those who've received grace from the Father of Truth, that they might know him through the power of the Word that came from the fullness – the one who's in the thought and mind of the Father. They call him "Savior." That's the name of the work he'll do to redeem those who had become 17 ignorant of the Father. And the term "the Gospel" is the revelation of hope, the discovery of those who search for him.
Error and Forgetfulness
Since all searched for the one from whom they had come – all were within him, the uncontainable, inconceivable one who's beyond every thought – (and) since ignorance of the Father caused anguish and terror, and the anguish grew thick like a fog, so that no one could see – Error was strengthened. It worked on its own matter in vain, not knowing the Truth.
It happened in a deluding way, as it (Error) prepared with power, in beauty, a substitute for the Truth. Now this wasn't humiliating for the uncontainable, inconceivable one, because the anguish and forgetfulness and delusion of deceit were like nothing, whereas the Truth is established, unchangeable, unperturbed, beyond beauty. Because of this, disregard Error, since it has no root.
It happened in a fog concerning the Father. It happens (now) since it (Error) prepares works in forgetfulness and terror, so that with them it (Error) might attract those in the middle and imprison them.
The forgetfulness of Error wasn't revealed; it wasn't a 18 [thought] from the Father. Forgetfulness didn't come into being from the Father, though it did come into being because of him. What comes into being within him is the knowledge, which was revealed so that forgetfulness might be dissolved, and the Father might be known. Forgetfulness came into being because the Father was unknown, so when the Father comes to be known, forgetfulness won't exist anymore.
This is the Gospel of the one they search for, revealed to those who are complete through the mercies of the Father, the hidden mystery. Through it (the Gospel), Jesus Christ enlightened those who were in darkness through forgetfulness. He enlightened them; he showed them a Way, and the Way is the Truth which he taught them.
As a result, Error was angry. It pursued him. It was threatened by him and brought to nothing. They nailed him (Jesus) to a tree, and he became the fruit of the Father's knowledge. However, it (the fruit) didn't cause destruction when it was eaten, but those who ate it were given joy in the discovery. He discovered them in himself and they discovered him in themselves.
As for the uncontainable, inconceivable one – the Father, the complete one who made all – all are within him, and all need him. Although he kept their completion within himself which he didn't give to all, the Father wasn't jealous. Indeed, what jealousy is there between him and his members? 19 For if, like this, the generation [received the completion,] they couldn't have come […] the Father. He keeps their completion within himself, giving it to them to return to him with a unitary knowledge in completion. He's the one who made all, and all are within him, and all need him.
Like someone who's unknown, he wants to be known and loved – because what did all need if not the knowledge of the Father?
He became a guide, peaceful and leisurely. He came and spoke the Word as a teacher in places of learning. Those who were wise in their own estimation came up to him to test him, but he confounded them because they were vain. They hated him because they weren't wise in Truth. After all of them, all the little children came too; theirs is the knowledge of the Father. When they were strengthened, they received teaching about the Father's expressions. They knew and they were known; they received glory and they gave glory. In their hearts the living Book of the Living was revealed, which was written in the thought and mind 20 [of the] Father, and before the [foundation] of all within his incomprehensibility. This (book) is impossible to take, since it permits the one who takes it to be killed. No one could've been revealed among those who'd been entrusted with salvation unless the book had appeared. Because of this, the merciful and faithful Jesus patiently suffered until he took that book, since he knows that his death is life for many.
When a will hasn't yet been opened, the wealth of the deceased master of the house is hidden; so too all were hidden while the Father of all was invisible. They were from him, from whom every realm comes. Because of this:
Jesus was revealed,
put on that book,
was nailed to a tree,
and published the Father's edict on the cross.
Oh, what a great teaching!
Drawing himself down to death,
he clothed himself in eternal life,
stripped himself of the perishable rags,
and clothed himself in incorruptibility,
which no one can take from him.
When he entered the empty realms of terror, he passed through those who were stripped by forgetfulness, being knowledge and completion, proclaiming the things that are in the heart 21 […] teach those who will [receive teaching].
The Book of the Living
Now those who will receive teaching [are] the living who are written in the Book of the Living. They receive teaching about themselves, and they receive it from the Father, returning to him again.
Since the completion of all is in the Father, it's necessary for all to go up to him. Then, if someone has knowledge, they receive what are their own, and he draws them to himself, because the one who's ignorant is in need. And it's a great need, since they need what will complete them. Since the completion of all is in the Father, it's necessary for all to go up to him, and for each one to receive what are their own. He inscribed these things beforehand, having prepared them to give to those who came out from him.
Those whose names he knew beforehand were called at the end, so that the one who has knowledge is the one whose name the Father has called, because those whose name hasn't been spoken are ignorant. Indeed, how can someone hear if their name hasn't been called? For the one who's ignorant until the end is a delusion of forgetfulness, and they'll dissolve with it. Otherwise, why do these miserable ones have no 22 name? Why do they have no voice?
So if someone has knowledge, they're from above. If they're called, they hear, they reply, and they turn to the one who calls them. And they go up to him, and they know how they are called. Having knowledge, they do the will of the one who called them, they want to please him, and they receive rest. Each one's name becomes their own. The one who has knowledge like this knows where they come from and where they're going. They know like one who, having been drunk, turns from their drunkenness, and having returned to themselves, restores what are their own.
He's returned many from Error. He went before them to the realms from which they had moved away. They had received Error because of the depth of the one who surrounds every realm, though nothing surrounds him. It's a great wonder that they were in the Father, not knowing him, and that they were able to come out by themselves, since they weren't able to grasp and know the one in whom they were. He revealed his will as knowledge in harmony with all that emanated from him.
This is the knowledge of the living book which he revealed to the 23 generations at the end, letters from him revealing how they're not vowels or consonants, so that one might read them and think they're meaningless, but they're letters of the Truth – they speak and know themselves. Each letter is a complete thought, like a book that's complete, since they're letters written by the Unity, the Father having written them so that the generations, by means of his letters, might know the Father.
The Return to Unity
His Wisdom meditates on the Word,
his teaching speaks it,
his knowledge has revealed it,
his patience is a crown upon it,
his joy is in harmony with it,
his glory has exalted it,
his image has revealed it,
his rest has received it,
his love made a body around it,
his faith embraced it.
In this way, the Word of the Father goes out in all, as the fruit 24 [of] his heart and an expression of his will. But it supports all. It chooses them and also takes the expression of all, purifying them, returning them to the Father and to the Mother, Jesus of infinite sweetness.
The Father reveals his bosom, and his bosom is the Holy Spirit. He reveals what's hidden of himself; what's hidden of himself is his Son – so that through the mercies of the Father, the generations may know him and cease their work in searching for the Father, resting in him and knowing that this is the rest. He's filled the need and dissolved its appearance – its appearance is the world in which it served, because where there's envy and strife there's need, but where there's Unity there's completion. Since need came into being because the Father wasn't known, when the Father is known, from then on, need will no longer exist. As someone's ignorance dissolves when they gain knowledge, and as darkness dissolves when the light appears, 25 so also need dissolves in completion. So the appearance is revealed from then on, but it'll dissolve in the harmony of Unity.
For now, their works lie scattered. In time, Unity will complete the realms. Within Unity each one will receive themselves, and within knowledge they'll purify themselves from multiplicity into Unity, consuming matter within themselves like fire, and darkness by light, death by life. If indeed these things have happened to each one of us, then it's right for us to think about all, so that this house will be holy and silent for the Unity.
The Parable of the Jars
It's like some who've left their home, having jars that weren't any good in places. They broke them, but the master of the house doesn't suffer any loss. Instead he rejoices, because in place of the bad jars are ones that are full and complete. For this is 26 the judgment that's come from above; it's judged everyone. It's a drawn, two-edged sword which cuts both ways. The Word, which is in the hearts of those who speak it, appeared. It isn't just a sound, but it was incarnated (embodied).
A great disturbance arose among the jars, because some were empty, others filled; some provided for, others poured out; some purified, others broken. All the realms were shaken and disturbed, because they didn't have order or stability. Error was anxious. It didn't know what to do; it grieved, mourned, and hurt itself, because it knew nothing. The knowledge, which is its (Error's) destruction, approached it (Error) and all that emanated from it. Error is empty, with nothing inside it.
Truth came into their midst, and all that emanated knew it. They welcomed the Father in Truth with a complete power that joins them with the Father. Truth is the Father's mouth; the Holy Spirit is his tongue. Everyone who loves the Truth and are joined to the 27 Truth are joined to the Father's mouth. By his tongue they'll receive the Holy Spirit. This is the revelation of the Father and his manifestation to his generations. He revealed what was hidden of himself; he explained it, because who has anything, if not the Father alone?
Coming into Being
Every realm emanates from him. They know they've come out from him like children who are from someone who's completely mature. They knew they hadn't yet received form or a name. The Father gives birth to each one. Then, when they receive form from his knowledge, although they're really within him, they don't know him. But the Father is complete, knowing every realm that's within him. If he wants to, he reveals whomever he wants, giving them a form and a name. He gives a name to them, and causes those to come into being who, before they come into being, are ignorant of the one who made them.
I'm not saying, then, that those who haven't yet come into being are nothing, but they exist 28 in the one who will want them to come into being when he wants, like a later time. Before everything is revealed, he knows what he'll produce. But the fruit which he hasn't yet revealed doesn't yet know anything, nor does it do anything. In addition, every realm which is itself in the Father is from the one who exists, who establishes them from what doesn't exist. For those who have no root have no fruit either. They think to themselves, "I've come into being," but they'll dissolve by themselves. Because of this, those who didn't exist at all won't exist.
The Parable of the Nightmares
What, then, did he want them to think of themselves? He wanted to them to think, "I've come into being like the shadows and phantoms of the night." When the light shines on the terror which they received, they know that it's nothing. In this way, they were ignorant of the Father, whom 29 they didn't see. Since it was terror and disturbance and instability and doubt and division, many illusions were at work among them, and vain ignorance, like they were deep in sleep and found themselves in nightmares. Either they're running somewhere, or unable to run away from someone; or they're fighting, or being beaten; or they've fallen from heights, or fly through the air without wings. Sometimes, too, it's like someone is killing them, even though no one's chasing them; or they themselves are killing those around them, covered in their blood. Until those who are going through all these nightmares can wake up, they see nothing, because these things are nothing.
That's the way it is with those who've cast off ignorance like sleep. They don't regard it as anything, nor do they regard its 30 other works as real, but they abandon them like a dream in the night. They value the knowledge of the Father like they value the light. The ignorant have acted like they're asleep; those who've come to knowledge have acted like they've awakened. Good for the one who returns and awakens! Blessed is the one who's opened the eyes of those who can't see! The Holy Spirit hurried after them to revive them. Having given a hand to the one who lay on the ground, it set them up on their feet, because they hadn't yet arisen. It gave them the knowledge of the Father and the revelation of the Son, because when they saw him and heard him, he granted them to taste him and to grasp the beloved Son.
The Revelation of the Son
When he was revealed, he taught them about the Father, the uncontainable one, and breathed into them what's in the thought, doing his will. When many had received the light, they turned 31 to him. For the material ones were strangers, who didn't see his form or know him. For he came by means of fleshly form, and nothing could block his path, because incorruptibility can't be grasped. Moreover, he said new things while he spoke about what's in the Father's heart and brought out the complete Word. When the light spoke through his mouth, and by his voice gave birth to life, he gave them thought, wisdom, mercy, salvation, and the Spirit of power from the infinity and sweetness of the Father. He caused punishments and torments to cease, because they led astray into Error and bondage those who needed mercy. He dissolved and confounded them with knowledge. He became:
a Way for those who were led astray,
knowledge for those who were ignorant,
a discovery for those who were searching,
strength for those who were wavering, and
purity for those who were impure.
The Parable of the Sheep
He's the shepherd who left behind the ninety- 32 nine sheep which weren't lost. He went and searched for the one which was lost. He rejoiced when he found it, because ninety-nine is a number expressed with the left hand. However, when the one is found, the numerical sum moves to the right hand. In this way, what needs the one – that is, the whole right hand – draws what it needs, takes it from the left hand, and moves it to the right, so the number becomes one hundred. This is a symbol of the sound of these numbers; this is the Father.
Even on the Sabbath, he worked for the sheep which he found fallen in the pit. He saved the life of the sheep, having brought it up from the pit, so that you may know in your hearts – you're children of the knowledge of the heart – what is the Sabbath, on which it isn't right for salvation to be idle, so that you may speak of the day which is above, which has no night, and of the light that doesn't set, because it's complete. Speak then from the heart, because you're the completed day, and the light that doesn't cease dwells within you. Speak of the Truth with those who search for it, and of knowledge with those who've sinned in their Error.
Doing the Father's Will
33 Strengthen the feet of those who stumble, and reach out to those who are sick. Feed those who are hungry, and give rest to those who are weary. Raise up those who want to arise, and awaken those who sleep, because you're the understanding that's unsheathed. If strength is like this, it becomes stronger.
Be concerned about yourselves. Don't be concerned about other things which you've rejected from yourselves. Don't return to eat your vomit. Don't be eaten by worms, because you've already shaken it off. Don't become a dwelling-place for the devil, because you've already brought him to naught. Don't strengthen your obstacles which are collapsing, as though you're a support. For the lawless one is nothing, to be treated more harshly than the just, doing his works among others.
Do then the Father's will, because you're from him. For the Father is sweet, and goodness is in his will. He knows what's yours, that you may find rest in them. For by the fruits they know what's yours, because the children of the Father 34 are his fragrance, since they're from the grace of his expression. Because of this, the Father loves his fragrance, and reveals it in every place. And when it mixes with matter, it gives his fragrance to the light, and in tranquility he causes it to rise above every form and every sound. For it's not the ears that smell the fragrance, but it's the Spirit that smells, and draws the fragrance to itself, and sinks down into the Father's fragrance. He shelters it, then, and takes it to the place from which it came, from the first fragrance which has grown cold. It's something in a soul-endowed delusion, like cold water sunk into loose earth. Those who see it think that it's just earth. Afterwards, it dissolves again. If a breath draws it, it becomes warm. So the fragrances which are cold are from the division. Because of this, faith came. It dissolved the division, and it brought the fullness that's warm with love, so that the cold may not return, but rather the unitary thought of completion.
Restoring what was Needed
This is the Word of the Gospel of the discovery of the fullness, which comes for those who are awaiting 35 the salvation which is coming from above. The hope for which they're waiting is waiting for those whose image is light with no shadow in it. If at that time the fullness comes, the need of matter doesn't come through the infinity of the Father, who comes to give time to the need – although no one can say that the incorruptible one will come like this. But the depth of the Father multiplied, and the thought of Error didn't exist with him. It's something that's fallen, which is easily set upright in the discovery of the one who's to come to what he'll return, because the return is called "repentance."
Because of this, incorruptibility breathed out. It followed after the one who sinned, so that they might rest, because forgiveness is what remains for the light in need, the Word of fullness. For the doctor hurries to the place where there's sickness, because that's what he (or she) wants to do. The one in need, then, doesn't hide it, because one (the doctor) has what they need. In this way the fullness, which has no need but fills the need, is what he 36 provided from himself to fill up what's needed, so that they might receive grace; because when they were in need, they didn't have grace. Because of this, a diminishing took place where there is no grace. When what was diminished was restored, what they needed was revealed as fullness. This is the discovery of the light of Truth which enlightened them, because it doesn't change.
Because of this, they spoke of Christ in their midst: "Seek, and those who were disturbed will receive a return – and he'll anoint them with ointment." The ointment is the mercy of the Father, who will have mercy on them. But those whom he anointed are those who have been completed, because full jars are the ones that are anointed. But when the anointing of one dissolves, it empties, and the cause of the need is the place where the ointment leaks, because a breath and its power draws it. But from the one who has no need, no seal is removed, nor is anything emptied, but what it needs is filled again by the Father, who's complete.
The Father's Paradise
He's good. He knows his plants, because he planted them in his paradise. Now his paradise is a place of rest. This 37 is the completion in the Father's thought, and these are the words of his meditation. Each of his words is the work of his one will in the revelation of his Word. When they were still in the depths of his thought, the Word – which was the first to come out – revealed them along with a mind that speaks the one Word in a silent grace. He was called "the Thought," since they were in it before being revealed. It happened, then, that he was the first to come out at the time when it pleased the one who wanted it. Now the Father rests in his will, and is pleased with it.
Nothing happens without him, nor does anything happen without the will of the Father, but his will is incomprehensible. His trace is the will, and no one can know him, nor does he exist for people to scrutinize so that they might grasp him, but when he wills, what he wills is this – even if the sight doesn't please them in any way before God – the will of the Father, because he knows the beginning of all of them, and their end, for in the end he'll greet them directly. Now the end is receiving knowledge of the one who's hidden; this is the Father, 38 from whom the beginning has come, and to whom all who've come out from him will return. They were revealed for the glory and the joy of his name.
The Father's Name
Now the name of the Father is the Son. He's the one who first gave a name to the one who comes out from him, who was himself, and he gave birth to him as a Son. He gave him his name which belonged to him. He's the one to whom everything around the Father belongs. The name and the Son are his. It's possible for him to be seen; the name, however, is invisible, because it alone is the mystery of the invisible which comes to ears that are filled completely with it by him. For indeed, the Father's name isn't spoken, but it's revealed through a Son.
In this way, then, the name is great. Who, then, will be able to utter a name for him, the great name, except him alone to whom the name belongs, and the children of the name, those in whom the Father's name rests, and who themselves, in turn, rest in his name? Since the Father is unbegotten, it's he alone who gave birth to him for himself as a name, before he had made the generations, so that the Father's name might be over their head as Lord, which is the 39 true name, confirmed in his command in complete power. For the name isn't from words and naming; the name, rather, is invisible.
He gave a name to him alone. He alone sees him, he alone having the power to give him a name, because whoever doesn't exist has no name. For what name will they give one who doesn't exist? But the one who exists, exists also with his name, and he alone knows it, and he's given a name to him alone. This is the Father; his name is the Son. He didn't hide it within, then, but it existed. The Son alone gave a name. The name, then, belongs to the Father, as the name of the Father is the beloved Son. Where, indeed, would he find a name, except from the Father?
But doubtless one will ask their neighbor, "Who is it who'll give a name to the one who existed before them, as if 40 offspring didn't receive a name from those who gave them birth?" First, then, it's right for us to consider what the name is. It's the true name, the name from the Father, because it's the proper name. So he didn't receive the name on loan, the way others do, according to the form in which each one will be produced. This, then, is the proper name. There's no one else who gave it to him. But he's unnameable, indescribable, until the time when he who's complete spoke of him alone. And it's he who has the power to speak his name and to see him.
So when it pleased him that his beloved name should be his Son, and he gave the name to him who came out from the depth, he disclosed his secrets, knowing that the Father is without evil. Because of this, he brought him out so that he might speak about the place, and his resting place from which he had come, 41 and to glorify the fullness, the greatness of his name, and the Father's sweetness.
The Place of Rest
Each one will speak about the place from which they came, and they'll hurry to return again to the place where they received their restoration to receive from the place where they were, receiving a taste from that place and receiving nourishment, receiving growth.
And their place of rest is their fullness. All that have emanated from the Father, then, are fullnesses, and the roots of all that have emanated from him are within the one who caused them all to grow. He gave them their destinies. Then each one was revealed, so that through their own thought […] for the place to which they send their thought is their root, which takes them up through all the heights, up to the Father. They embrace his head, which is rest for them, and they're grasped, approaching him, as though to say that they receive his expression by means of kisses. But they're not revealed 42 in this way, because they neither exalted themselves, nor wanted the Father's glory, nor did they think of him as trivial or harsh or wrathful; but he's without evil, unperturbed, and sweet. He knows every realm before they've come into existence, and he has no need to be instructed.
This is the way of those who possess something of the immeasurable greatness from above, as they wait for the complete one alone, who's a Mother for them. And they don't go down to Hades, nor do they have envy or groaning, nor death within them, but they rest in the one who rests, not striving nor twisting around in the search for Truth. But they themselves are the Truth, and the Father is within them, and they're in the Father, being complete. They're undivided from the truly good one. They don't need anything, but they rest, refreshed in the Spirit. And they'll listen to their root. They'll devote themselves to those things that they'll find in their root and not suffer loss to their soul. This is the place of the blessed; this is their place.
As for the others, then, may they know, where they're at, that it's not right 43 for me, having come to the place of rest, to say anything else, but I'll come to be in it, and will devote myself continually to the Father of all and the true brothers (and sisters), those upon whom the Father's love is emptied and in whose midst there is no need. They're the ones who are revealed in Truth; they exist in the true eternal life, and they speak of the light that's complete and that's filled with the Father's seed, and that's in his heart and in the fullness. His Spirit rejoices in it, and glorifies the one in whom it existed, because he's good. And his children are complete, and worthy of his name, because he's the Father. It's children like this that he loves.
Page 17: "It happened in a deluding way." Cf. Jörgen Magnusson, Rethinking the Gospel of Truth: A Study of Its Eastern Valentinian Setting (Uppsala University), 2006, p. 77, contra most translators, who tend to use "creation" or "form" for plasma instead of "delusion." Kendrick Grobel translates "She was at work upon a molded figure" in The Gospel of Truth: A Valentinian Meditation on the Gospel (Abingdon Press), 1960, p. 33 (but cf. p. 34); Attridge and MacRae translate "it set about with a creation" in James M. Robinson, ed., The Coptic Gnostic Library: A Complete Edition of the Nag Hammadi Codices, Volume I (Brill), 2000, p. 83 (but cf. the note in their commentary section later in the volume on page 45); Marvin Meyer translates "she assumed a fashioned figure" in The Nag Hammadi Scriptures (HarperOne), 2007, p. 36; Celene Lillie translates "She … became a molded form" in Hal Taussig, ed., A New New Testament (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt), 2013, p. 230; and Bentley Layton translates "she took up residence in a modeled form" in The Gnostic Scriptures (Doubleday), 1987, p. 253. The pronoun in the phrase is feminine (which could refer to "Error," which is feminine in Coptic) but can also be rendered as "it," as Coptic has no neuter gender. "delusion of deceit." Also following Magnusson (op. cit., p. 94); cp. Grobel, "deceitful figure" (op. cit., p. 44); Attridge and MacRae, "creature of deceit" (op. cit., p. 83); Meyer, "deceptive figure" (op. cit., p. 36); Lillie, "molded forms are lies" (op. cit., p. 230); Layton, "modeled form of deception" (op. cit., p. 253). "disregard." Grobel translates "look with scorn" (op. cit., p. 46); Attridge and MacRae (op. cit., p. 83), Meyer (op. cit., p. 36), and Layton (op. cit., p. 253) translate "despise"; but cf. Lillie, op. cit., p. 230, and Magnusson, op. cit., pp. 78, 79.
Page 18: "thought." The reconstruction is that of Magnusson, op. cit., p. 81. "This is the Gospel of the one they search for … the Way is the Truth which he taught them." Based on personal correspondence with Lance Jenott dated November 15, 2017.
Page 19: "the Father's expressions." Literally, "the forms of the Father's face."
Page 20: "who'd been entrusted with." Grobel (op. cit., p. 62), Meyer (op. cit., p. 38), and Layton (op. cit., p. 255) translate "those who believed in"; Attridge and MacRae translate "those who have believed in" (op. cit., p. 87); Lillie translates "those who trust in" (op. cit., p. 231); but cf. Magnusson, op. cit., pp. 137, 138.
Page 21: "delusion." Grobel translates "figure" (op. cit., p. 74); Attridge and MacRae (op. cit., p. 89) and Meyer (op. cit., p. 35) translate"creature"; Lillie translates "creatures" (op. cit., p. 231); Layton translates "modeled form" (op. cit., p. 256); but cf. Magnusson, op. cit., p. 100.
Page 22: "He revealed his will as knowledge in harmony with all that emanated from him." For clarity, this translation follows Lillie in omitting the preceding phrase which creates a logical incoherence: "If his will hadn't come out from him." It appears that either the author changed direction mid-sentence, or the scribe copying this text made an error.
Pages 23, 34, and 41: "expression." Literally, "form of face."
Page 34: "delusion." Grobel translates "animate mold" (op. cit., p. 152); Attridge and MacRae (op. cit., p. 105), Meyer (op. cit., p. 44), and Lillie (op. cit., p. 235) translate "form"; Layton translates "modeled form" (op. cit., p. 261); but cf. Magnusson, op. cit., p. 116.
Page 42: "a Mother," following Meyer, op. cit., p. 47 (but cf. n. 49); Lillie, op. cit., p. 238 (but cf. note); Layton, op. cit., p. 264; alternatively, "is there"; cf. Grobel, op. cit., p. 196; Attridge and MacRae, op. cit., p. 117; Magnusson, op. cit., p. 126.


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Schubert, Mozart, Bizet - Kempe
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COGQ-1018
Schubert, Schumann, Liszt - Furtwängler
Schubert: Rosamunde Overture; Rosamunde Incidental Music; Symphony No. 7 (8) "Unfinished" Schumann: Manfred Overture Liszt: Les Preludes Wiener Philharmoniker Wilhelm Furtwängler (Furtwangler)
Warner Music (Japan)
WPCS-12905
Schubert: Symphonies 1-8 - Nott
Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 1-8 Bamberger Symphoniker Jonathan Nott
SACD 1660
Schubert: Symphonies 3 & 7/8 "Unfinished" - Kleiber
Schubert: Symphonies 3 & 8 "Unfinished" Vienna Philharmonic Carlos Kleiber
UCGG-9059
Schubert: Symphonies 7 (8) "Unfinished" & 8 (9) "Great" - Furtwängler
Schubert: Symphonies 7 (8) "Unfinished" & 8 (9) "Great" Berliner Philharmoniker Wilhelm Furtwängler (Furtwangler)
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KKC-10003
Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 1, 3 & 7 - Nott
Schubert: Symphony No. 1 in D major D.82, Symphony No. 3 in D major D.200, Symphony No. 7 (8) in B minor D.759 "Unfinished" Bamberger Symphoniker Jonathan Nott (conductor)
Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 1-8 - Nott
Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 1-8 Bamberger Symphoniker Jonathan Nott (conductor)
SACD / CD 1610
Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 3 & 7 - Kleiber
Schubert: Symphonies No. 3, Symphony No. 7 (8) "Unfinished" Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra Carlos Kleiber (conductor)
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ESSG-90045
Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 4 & 7 - Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra
Schubert: Symphony No. 7 (8) in B minor "Unfinished", Symphony No. 4 "Tragic", Entr'acte III from the Incidental Music to "Rosamunde" Saint Paul Chamber Orchestra Douglas Boyd (conductor)
SPCOCD001
Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 6 & 7 - Herreweghe
Schubert: Symphony No. 6, Symphony No. 7 (8) "Unfinished" Royal Flemish Philharmonic Phillipe Herreweghe (conductor)
PTC 5186 446
Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 7 & 8 - Boyd
Schubert: Symphony No. 7 (8) in B minor "Unfinished", Symphony No. 8 (9) in C major "Great" Musikkollegium Winterthur Douglas Boyd (conductor)
901 1636-6
Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 7 & 8 - Dausgaard
Schubert: Symphony No. 7 (8) "Unfinished", Symphony No. 8 (9) "Great" Swedish Chamber Orchestra Thomas Dausgaard (conductor)
BIS-SACD-1656
Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 7 & 8 - Munch
Schubert: Symphony No. 7 (8) in B minor "Unfinished", Symphony No. 8 (9) in C major "The Great" Boston Symphony Orchestra Charles Munch (conductor)
Living Stereo
Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 7 & 8 - Sieghart
Schubert: Symphony No. 7 (8) in B minor "Unfinished", Symphony No. 8 (9) in C major "The Great" Arnhem Philharmonic Orchestra Martin Sieghart (conductor)
OVCL-00151
Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 7 & 8 - Wand
Schubert: Symphony No. 7 (8) "Unfinished", Symphony No. 8 (9) "The Great" Berliner Philharmoniker Günter Wand (conductor)
Sony Classical (Japan)
SICC-10121/2
Schubert: Symphonies, Masses 5 & 6, Alphonso & Estrella - Harnoncourt
Schubert: Symphonies, Masses 5* & 6**, Alphonso & Estrella*** Luba Orgonášová (Orgonasova), soprano* Dorothea Röschmann, soprano** & Estrella*** Birgit Remmert, alto* Bernarda Fink, alto** Kurt Streit, tenor* & Alfonso*** Jonas Kaufmann, tenor** Christian Elsner, tenor** Christian ... more
BPHR 150061
Schubert: Symphony No. 7 (8) & Bruckner: Symphony No. 4 - Tennstedt
Schubert: Symphony No. 7 (8) "Unfinished" Bruckner: Symphony No. 4 "Romantic" London Philharmonic Orchestra Klaus Tennstedt
Tokyo FM
TFMCSA-1002
Schubert: Symphony No. 7 (8), Shostakovich: Symphony No. 5 - Mravinsky
Schubert: Symphony No. 7 (8) "Unfinished" Shostakovich: Symphony No. 5 Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra Yevgeny Mravinsky
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ALTSA-289
Schubert: Symphony No. 7, Haydn: Symphony No. 104 - Karajan
Schubert: Symphony No. 7 (8) "Unfinished", Haydn: Symphony No. 104 Berlin Philharmonic Herbert von Karajan (conductor)
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EMI (Japan)
TOGE-12073
Schubert: Symphony No. 7, Mozart: Symphony No. 41 - Jochum
Schubert: Symphony No. 7 (8) "Unfinished", Mozart: Symphony No. 41 "Jupiter" Boston Symphony Orchestra Eugen Jochum (conductor)
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Schubert: Unfinished Symphony, Beethoven: Symphony No. 5 - Walter
Schubert: Symphony No. 7 (8) in B minor "Unfinished", Beethoven: Symphony No. 5 in C minor New York Philharmonic Columbia Symphony Orchestra Bruno Walter (conductor)
Yevgeny Mravinsky in Moscow
Schubert: Symphony No. 7 (8) in B minor D.759 "Unfinished", Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 4 in F minor Op. 36 Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra Yevgeny Mravinsky (conductor)
PRD/DSD 350 053


FILM SUBJECTS
IN THE HEART OF A CITY,
A WILD MIRACLE AWAITS
A FILM BY
Marina Dodis
There is something astonishing happening in the city of Vancouver. Largely unnoticed amidst vehicle traffic, industrial sites and construction, wild salmon are returning to their ancient spawning grounds.
Once an important salmon bearing area, this watershed became severely degraded as the city grew. The run collapsed and was declared "dead". As salmon are iconic for people in British Columbia, concerned citizens became engaged.
The rewilding has begun to pay off. After disappearing for 80 years, people can now witness the autumn spectacle of these powerful swimmers fighting to reach the streams they hatched in. To have a salmon run taking place within city limits is almost completely unique in a metropolis of this size.
Filmed with a quiet, observing lens over many years, "The Return" takes us into hidden enclaves of wilderness within the city, where tiny salmon smolts shimmer beneath the water's surface. Now that they have come back, their future is in our hands.
Run Time : 20 min
The Return is still in the film festival circuit and therefore not available for free. However, it is available for streaming on The Green Channel. It was created by Scott Renyard, who wanted to create a community and help filmmakers continue to make environmental films. You must subscribe to watch and the monthly rate is $9.99. There is a 7 day free trial period. You will find an excellent selection on films and is well worth the nominal cost.
There is a section with the question "How did you hear about us? If you answer with the filmmaker's film title or their name, $5.00 Cdn from the initial subscription fee will go to the filmmaker. This is how the filmmakers are supported.
This is the direct link to The Return.
Marina Dodis is a documentary filmmaker based in Vancouver, Canada. Her background is as a still photographer, both for clients and magazines, specializing in portraiture, architecture, travel and documentary. In 2012, she graduated from the Documentary Film program at Capilano University. Her student film, Going Strong, was acquired by Knowledge Network (BC's public broadcaster) and featured in a number of local film festivals. She has worked for a wide range of organizations, corporate clients and publications, making more than 15 short films. For the majority of these films, she has been the director, cinematographer and editor.
DIRECTOR'S NOTES
Very close to Marina's home in East Vancouver, news broke that there were salmon in a tiny creek that runs amongst vast parking lots. It was the first time they had made it to the area in decades. Like many who have witnessed this marvel, Marina became enchanted by the experience and began to film, with the hope of making a contribution to protecting the salmon. This film is an invitation to explore where one lives and witness the resilience and rejuvenating effects of nature in our midst.
JB MacKinnon is an internationally respected journalist and writer. His book The Once and Future World examines how people respond to nature through greed, coupled with amnesia. His work centres on the possibilities within reconnecting and rewilding.
Mike Pearson is a biologist with 30 years of field experience, specializing in habitat and population assessment of salmonids and species at risk. His work includes habitat restoration and enhancement, in conjunction with environmental groups, Indigenous communities and academic researchers.
Morgan Guerin is the Aboriginal Fisheries Officer for the Musqueam First Nation, on whose land this film takes place. He is also a councillor and conducts educational tours for guests and visitors to c̓əsnaʔəm, his village that dates back at least 4,000 years.
Dianne Ramage is the Director of Salmon Recovery at the Pacific Salmon Foundation and has won achievement awards for her work in wild salmon protection and recovery. She has been a streamkeeper in the Greater Vancouver area since 1998.
John Templeton is president of the Stoney Creek Environmental Committee and has been part of the revitalization of the watershed for over 16 years. His efforts along with fellow streamkeepers has helped bring back salmon to the area after a 55 year absence.
FILM TEAM
Director: Marina Dodis
Producer: Marina Dodis, Lauren Weisler
Cinematographer: Marina Dodis
Additional Camera: Mike McKinlay, Grant Baldwin
Sound: Marina Dodis, David Daoud
Editor: Marina Dodis
Consulting Editor: Jenn Strom
Animation: Jenn Strom
Soundscape: Hildegard Westerkamp
Norwegian Short Film Festival:
Grimstad, Norway
https://kortfilmfestivalen.vhx.tv/ikd-2/videos/the-return-1
DOXA Film Festival:
Vancouver, Canada
https://www.doxafestival.ca/program/2020
Friday Harbour Documentary Film Festival:
San Juan, Washington, USA
https://fhff2020.eventive.org/welcome
Science On Screen:
5-8 November, 2020
https://curamdevicesengage.ie
Wild & Scenic Film Festival :
Nevada City, California
https://www.wildandscenicfilmfestival.org
World Community Film Festival :
5-13 February, 2021
https://worldcommunity.ca/film-festival/
Colorado Environmental Film Festival :
https://ceff.net
Vancouver International Mountain Film Festival :
https://vimff.org
Festival of Ocean Films:
21 - 31 March 2021
https://www.festivalofoceanfilms.com
International Wildlife Film Festival :
Missoula, Montana
17 April - 15 May 2021
http://wildlifefilms.org
Seoul International Short Film Festival :
1May - 31 May 2021
https://www.seoulshortfilmfestival.com
Northwestfest International Documentary Film Festival :
https://www.northwestfest.ca
Short Circuit Film Festival :
hhttps://cinevic.ca/short-circuit-film-festival-2021/
EXPLORE FILM LOCATIONS
LINKS (British Columbia)
Chemical Spills: 1-800-663-3456
Salish Sea Marine Survival Project: https://marinesurvivalproject.com
Streamkeeper Association: www.pskf.ca
Education Program, Fisheries+Oceans: https://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/education/resources-ressources-eng.html
Salmonid Enhancement Program: https://www.pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/sep-pmvs/index-eng.html
Musqueam First Nation: https://www.musqueam.bc.ca
Funding provided by the Pacific Salmon Foundation: https://www.psf.ca
Distribution Inquiries: Moving Images Distribution
mailbox@movingimages.ca
Salmon returns - Stoney Creek
Early sightings of chum salmon during autumn 2020 run
Research to determine what is killing Coho salmon in urban streams
Let me know if you enjoyed the film
and if you have questions!
Rate UsPretty badNot so goodGoodVery goodAwesomeRate Us
Thank you!
Email: marina@marinadodis.com
www.marinadodis.com


Biting the Bullet, Not the Dust: Deripaska Gives up His Aluminum Empire
Oleg Deripaska (Vladislav Shatilo / RBC / TASS)
The U.S. decision to lift sanctions on Russia's Rusal, the world's top aluminum producer outside China, is widely seen as a Christmas present for the company, global consumers of its metal and the Russian stock market.
But its co-owner and founder Oleg Deripaska will have mixed feelings, as the deal means giving up control of his prized aluminum empire and then seeing it return to business as usual while he remains blacklisted alongside drug lords.
It's a challenge for Deripaska, once Russia's richest man, as he has never before sold a major asset. He started building his empire during the 1990s "aluminum wars" after the collapse of the Soviet Union, waging several battles with rivals.
Now he has to reduce his share in En+ Group to less than 45 percent from 70 percent, with no compensation.
En+, which manages a stake in Rusal along with Deripaska's power assets, had a market value of $8 billion a year ago but that has fallen to around $3 billion. His property will stay blocked.
"He is not selling, he is giving away," said an industry source who knows Deripaska.
U.S. To Lift Sanctions From Aluminum Giant Rusal
Deripaska agreed a deal with the U.S. Treasury Department within eight months to lift sanctions — a short time for a process that could have lasted years, the source said.
"It is a super result. Hats off."
A representative of Deripaska declined to comment.
Deripaska and the largest companies in his portfolio were put on the U.S. Treasury sanctions blacklist in April. Washington said at the time that he and a number of fellow tycoons were profiting from their association with a Kremlin conducting "malign activities" around the globe.
Deripaska has described the sanctions against him as "groundless, ridiculous and absurd."
As of April, these were the toughest penalties imposed since Moscow's 2014 annexation of Crimea. However, on Wednesday the U.S. Treasury watered them down, saying it was lifting sanctions from Rusal and En+ as Deripaska would cede control.
The U.S. announcement on Rusal was the "hottest news since 2014," BCS Global Markets said in a note. "It is positive for the Russian market as a whole as it demonstrates that there is a way for sanctioned companies to avoid or remove them," it added.
Russian stock indexes were tracking oil prices lower on Thursday, but Rusal shares soared. London aluminum prices hit a 16-month low.
The deal is subject to a 30-day review, during which the U.S. Congress may pass a joint resolution of approval or disapproval.
If approved, Deripaska will reduce his stake in En+ by passing part of it to VTB Bank, Russia's second-largest lender, and donating some shares to a charitable foundation. His stake will also be diluted when Swiss company Glencore swaps shares in Rusal for a stake in En+.
His voting rights will be limited at 35 percent. He will have up to four representatives in En+'s new board of directors, where eight more directors will be independent. Half of the board will be U.S. or British nationals.
Shareholders with family ties to him will assign their voting rights to a third party, the U.S. Treasury said.
U.S. Imposes Fresh Russia Sanctions for Election Meddling
The mother of Deripaska's children, Polina, and her father Valentin Yumashev, who was presidential chief of staff under former Russian president Boris Yeltsin, held 6 and 1.8 percent in En+ respectively, according to a disclosure from early 2018.
"He keeps some shares. Rusal will stay in Russia but be a bit more open to the U.S.," said a source familiar with the situation.
Deripaska was not fighting on his own over the past eight months. France and Germany made a joint effort to get an extension of the deadline for sanctions as Rusal owns major assets in Europe, the source said.
Ireland said on Wednesday it had lobbied heavily for the removal of sanctions from Rusal to protect jobs at a large alumina plant.
The plan published on Wednesday was agreed a month or two ago, said another source familiar with the process. There was initial resistance from Moscow as the sides considered transferring some of Deripaska's shares to a U.S. trust.
A compromise was found later with VTB's participation, the source added: "It is the best possible deal. It is not ideal, but the best possible."
Russia has a history of defending large, strategic groups such as Rusal, which employs 62,000 people in Russia and around the globe, to prevent them falling into foreign control.
Russian President Vladimir Putin did not comment on Rusal at his annual news conference on Thursday. But the deal was probably approved by Russian officials, said Kirill Chuyko, head of research at BCS.
"It is a win... which will allow the company to work normally and Deripaska to continue working on freeing himself from sanctions," he added.
Read more about: Oligarchs , Sanctions
refuted report
En+ Denies Sanctioned Russian Tycoon in Violation of Divestment Deal
Bloomberg had earlier reported that European officials said Deripaska "retained significant day-to-day influence" over Rusal and En+ despite divesting...
Russia to Subsidize Purchase of Vehicles From Sanctioned Oligarch's Carmaking Giant
Deripaska was named in a list of sweeping U.S. sanctions against major Russian businessmen and structures last April for "malign activities."
U.S. Targets Oligarchs in New Wave of Anti-Russia Sanctions
The U.S. Treasury Department released a new wave of anti-Russia sanctions on Friday.
U.S. Plans to Target Russian Oligarchs With New Sanctions, Sources Say
The sanctions could be announced as early as next Thursday,.


Tag: Ray Barretto
Henry Cole's vision of a 21st century Puerto Rican music
Drummer Henry Cole is well known in the jazz world. The native of Mayagüez, Puerto Rico has recorded and toured with the likes of David Sánchez, Gary Burton and the 90 Miles project, and he is a permanent member of the Miguel Zenón Quartet. He's lived in New York City for more than a decade, where he's active in the city's rich jazz scene, but when he turns his attention to his own projects, he finds inspiration back home on the Island.
His first album as a leader, Roots Before Branches, was a sprawling collection of funk rhythms, spoken word, folkloric percussion and jazz horn lines that all swirled around Cole's inventive and powerful drumming. The band was called the Afrobeat Collective because of the loose jamming structure inspired by Fela Kuti's work in the 70s and 80s. Their December 2012 Mayne Stage show in Chicago (it was presented as part of Agúzate's Afro-Caribbean Improvisational Music Festival) was a concert highlight of that year.
Cole and his band, the 14-piece band Villa Locura, create what Cole calls Interstellar Puerto Rican Funk. "Villa Locura are inspired by my land and the things I miss when I'm away from my roots, away from the coast of Puerto Rico, the feeling of not having to rush and not feeling stress at all, just joy," says Cole. "At the same time, there is a global influence on the sound, just as African music inspired Cuban rumba and Puerto Rican folkloric music and that in turn became a basis for Caribbean popular music. That gave rise to Latin jazz and mambo in New York and later, when bomba and plena were added to the mix, salsa."
Cole and I spoke a few weeks ago as he was preparing to release El Diablo, the first single from sessions that he and Villa Locura recorded at New York's famed Electric Lady Studios. Those sessions produced over a dozen tracks that will eventually be released as an album entitled Simple. Cole gathered an international cast of musicians at Electric Lady, many from the jazz world, but also percussionists from Puerto Rico and Cuba. Villa Locura, like the Afrobeat Collective, is a large ensemble, and here, too, there is space for the musicians to jam and build the songs together.
El Diablo was written over 60 years ago by the legendary Puerto Rican songwriter Rafael Hernández, but Cole's version was inspired by a recording of it found on Ray Barretto's 1973 Fania album Indestructible, and it features the same lead vocalist from that record, Tito Allen. What Cole has done with Villa Locura is to locate the DNA that both the original Hernández and Barretto recordings share: The folkloric Puerto Rican bomba rhythm, then build the track back up from there.
The result is a churning and very funky track that retains the contours of Barretto's horn arrangement and Allen's vocals (which have aged into a rougher but deeply expressive timbre) but sounds almost entirely different due the corp of bomberos laying the foundation, Cole's inventive use of the drum kit and twin electric guitars that alternately play in and around the melody. It finds time for a sizzling Fender Rhodes solo from Luis Perdomo before the horns come wailing back in. Meanwhile, Allen's vocal improvisations are the sound of a man having the time of his life.
It's definitely not salsa.
"My love for Diablo starts with my love for Ray Barretto which comes from studying my idol Giovanni Hidalgo," says Cole by way of explaining his choice of El Diablo as the first release from Villa Locura. "If you study Ray Barretto, Indestructible is perhaps the first thing you'll learn. If you play percussion, that timbale solo on (the song) Indestructible and all of Barretto's conga solos are something that you'll memorize and imitate. Ray Barretto is a master and Indestructible is his masterpiece."
When I note that Indestructible and the prime years of Fania were over by the time he was born, Cole schools me on the huge ongoing presence of that music. "If you are connected to Puerto Rican culture and its music, you just can't avoid Fania… the original Fania is for Latin music what Blue Note label is for jazz. Some music stays new forever. Same thing happens with all of Cortijo's albums with Ismael Rivera."
On equal footing with Fania in El Diablo is the 4-person percussion section that drives the tune. Three of them are Puerto Ricans playing bomba (among them is Beto Torrens, who you might recognize from last year's critically lauded album by ÌFÉ, IIII + IIII) while the rhythmic accents come from a Cuban rumba tradition.
I ask Cole about folkloric traditions where he grew up. "Mayagüez is one of the most important cities of Puerto Rico regarding bomba and plena and at some point all major artists in popular music in Puerto Rico and in New York were from Mayagüez. So my background is very, very rich and powerful. But," he adds, "when I was a kid I didn't know that. I was playing ska and all types of rock and Latin jazz. It was later on while I was in San Juan that I started exposing myself to folklore and I discovered that I have a profound love for it. Then I realized that some of the most important folkloric figures in Mayagüez studied with my family and that some of the younger exponents were even friends of mine!"
I note that Villa Locura and his previous band, the Afrobeat Collective, share many similarities, even some of the same members, so I ask Henry about the difference. "Having 'afrobeat' in the name of the group was causing confusion, as many people regarded that word as a style of play, a specific sound and pattern, whereas my intent was one of spirit. While it's true that I was referencing Fela, I wasn't copying him, because the Puerto Rican element was very important too. The name Villa Locura immediately takes my music out of the Afrobeat box. Fela is still an influence, but it's not as obvious now. I've brought more of a Puerto Rican identity to the fore, and that identity represents the Mestizo culture that I am a part of: a mix of indigenous, African and European."
Henry and I turn our discussion to the recording of El Diablo and other songs to still be released from Simple. Specifically, I want to know why he chose Electric Lady Studios, the facility created by Jimi Hendrix in 1970 that has since become one of the legendary recording studios in the entire world. Was Cole looking for the spirit of Hendrix?
"No, that wasn't it," says Cole. "Residente was recording there and I was playing on some tracks for his new album. I visited Studio A and the smaller upstairs studio the day before to check out their drums. And I immediately thought to myself, 'Wow, this is a Temple. This is where I want to record my music!' I was not going for the brand, the name or even the equipment. I went to see some drums and I just felt the space… It talked to me. I felt the space welcome me."
Our conversation concludes as Henry needs to head to a rehearsal. He's back home in Puerto Rico for a Villa Locura show at El Boricua in Rio Piedras, and there are also a couple of things to do to get El Diablo ready for release the day before the show. He's rolled out something of his own self-designed Kickstarter campaign, hoping that sales of downloads and related merchandise like t-shirts and art prints will bring in money so that the rest of the Simple sessions can be mixed and released as a full-fledged album. The sessions were also filmed for a planned documentary. Henry played a few rough audio mixes for me, so trust me when I say, after hearing El Diablo, you are going to want to hear more.
Downloads can be purchased from villalocura.com, and there are autographed CD copies of Roots Before Branches available for sale as well. And just think of how cool you'll look in one of those SIMPLE tank tops this summer!
Author aguzatePosted on January 11, 2018 August 16, 2019 Categories BlogTags Afrobeat Collective, El Diablo, Henry Cole, Puerto Rico, Rafael Hernández, Ray Barretto, Simple, Villa Locura1 Comment on Henry Cole's vision of a 21st century Puerto Rican music


How to Get a Wholesale License in Tennessee
By: Carol Deeb
How to Get a Reseller's Tax ID Number
Starting a business that sells items to the public may require that you apply for licenses and permits in your area. If you buy from a wholesale vendor and sell to end users, obtaining a wholesale license will allow you to purchase products without paying sales tax. You can then charge your customers the tax and pay the amount to your state. In Tennessee, a wholesale license is called a Certificate of Registration, and must be obtained through the state Department of Revenue.
Log on to the Tennessee Department of Revenue's website to access the application to register your business. As an alternative, you can visit one of the regional offices to apply in person.
Answer the questions about your business on the application. Identify what your business does by checking the appropriate box.
Fill in your Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN), which identifies your business to the government, suppliers and others. You can apply for an FEIN at IRS.gov.
Complete your application by including your business mailing information, business type and contact person. You must complete a separate application for each location of your business.
Submit your application online or in person once it has been completed. If you are using the website, click "I Certify" and then "Submit" after you have carefully reviewed your application for accuracy. Print the confirmation page if using the online registration service.
Wait about one to two weeks to receive your certificate in the mail. You can then send copies to vendors who request your wholesale information, which will exempt you from paying sales tax.
Tennessee Department of Revenue: Instructions for Opening a Business in Tennessee
Tennessee Department of Revenue: Registering Your Business in Tennessee
Tennessee Department of Revenue: How to Register One Business Location at a Time
Tennessee Department of Revenue; Business Tax Guide; February 2011
Tennessee Department of Revenue: Application for Registration
Tennessee Department of Revenue: Regional Offices
Carol Deeb has been an editor and writer since 1988. Her work has appeared in magazines, newspapers and online publications, as well as a book on education. Deeb is a real-estate investor and business owner with professional experience in human resources. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in English from San Diego State University.
How to Obtain a Florida Resale Certificate for Sales Tax
How to Search for a Business License in the City of Los Angeles
How to Become Asus Reseller
How to Obtain an Ohio Tax ID Number
How to Get a Wholesale Retail License
How to Obtain a New Copy of a Master Business License


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