Target_Summary_ID stringclasses 200
values | Target_Sentence_Index stringlengths 4 7 | External stringclasses 2
values | Target_Sentence_factual stringlengths 19 592 | Target_Sentence_non_factual stringlengths 19 592 | Original_Abstract stringclasses 200
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
t0 | t0_1 | yes | The skin patch and the vaginal (birth canal) ring are two methods of birth control. | The skin patch and the vaginal (birth canal) ring are five methods of birth control. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_2 | yes | Both methods contain the hormones estrogen and progestin. | Both methods contain the hormones testosterone and progestin. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_3 | yes | The patch is a small, thin, adhesive square that is applied to the skin. | The patch is a large, thin, adhesive square that is applied to the skin. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_4 | yes | The contraceptive vaginal ring is a flexible, lightweight device that is inserted into the vagina. | The contraceptive vaginal ring is a rigid, lightweight device that is inserted into the vagina. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_5 | yes | Both methods release drugs like those in birth control pills. | Both methods release chemicals like those in birth control pills. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_6 | yes | These methods could be used more consistently than pills because they do not require a daily dose. | These methods could not be used more consistently than pills because they do not require a daily dose. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_7 | yes | This review looked at how well the methods worked to prevent pregnancy, if they caused bleeding problems, if women used them as prescribed, and how safe they were. | This review looked at how well the methods worked to prevent pregnancy, if they caused bleeding problems, if women avoided them as prescribed, and how safe they were. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_8 | no | Through February 2013, we did computer searches for randomized controlled trials of the skin patch or vaginal ring compared to pills for birth control. | Through February 2013, we did computer searches for randomized controlled trials of the skin patch or vaginal ring compared to injections for birth control. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_9 | yes | Pills included types with both estrogen and progestin. | Pills included types with both testosterone and progestin. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_10 | no | We wrote to researchers to find other trials. | We wrote to researchers to ignore other trials. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_11 | no | We found 18 trials. | We found 25 trials. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_12 | no | Of six patch trials, five compared the marketed patch to birth control pills and one studied a patch being developed. | Of eight patch trials, five compared the marketed patch to birth control pills and one studied a patch being developed. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_13 | no | Of 12 ring trials, 11 looked at the marketed ring and pills while one studied a ring being developed. | Of 15 ring trials, 11 looked at the marketed ring and pills while one studied a ring being developed. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_14 | yes | The methods compared had similar pregnancy rates. | The methods compared had dissimilar pregnancy rates. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_15 | no | Patch users reported using their method more consistently than the pill group did. | Patch users reported using their method less consistently than the pill group did. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_16 | yes | Only half of the patch studies had data on pregnancy or whether the women used the method correctly. | Only two-thirds of the patch studies had data on pregnancy or whether the women used the method correctly. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_17 | yes | However, most of the ring studies had those data. | However, most of the ring studies did not have those data. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_18 | no | Patch users were more likely than pill users to drop out early from the trial. | Patch users were less likely than pill users to drop out early from the trial. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_19 | no | Ring users were not more likely to drop out early. | Ring users were more likely to drop out early. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_20 | no | Compared to pill users, users of the marketed patch had more breast discomfort, painful periods, nausea, and vomiting. | Compared to pill users, users of the marketed patch had less breast discomfort, painful periods, nausea, and vomiting. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_21 | no | Ring users had more vaginal irritation and discharge than pill users but less nausea, acne, irritability, depression, and emotional changes. | Ring users had more vaginal irritation and discharge than pill users but more nausea, acne, irritability, depression, and emotional changes. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_22 | yes | Ring users often had fewer bleeding problems than pill users. | Ring users often had more bleeding problems than pill users. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_23 | yes | The quality of information was classed as low for the patch trials and moderate for the ring studies. | The quality of information was classed as high for the patch trials and moderate for the ring studies. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_24 | yes | Lower quality was due to not reporting how groups were assigned or not having good outcome measures. | Higher quality was due to not reporting how groups were assigned or not having good outcome measures. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_25 | no | Other issues were high losses and taking assigned women out of the analysis. | Other issues were low losses and taking assigned women out of the analysis. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t0 | t0_26 | yes | Studies of the patch and ring should provide more detail on whether women used the method correctly. | Studies of the patch and ring should provide less detail on whether women used the method correctly. | The delivery of combination contraceptive steroids from a transdermal contraceptive patch or a contraceptive vaginal ring offers potential advantages over the traditional oral route. The transdermal patch and vaginal ring could require a lower dose due to increased bioavailability and improved user compliance. Objectiv... |
t1 | t1_1 | no | Excess body weight has become a health problem around the world. | Excess body weight has not become a health problem around the world. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_2 | no | Being overweight or obese may affect how well some birth control methods work to prevent pregnancy. | Being overweight or obese may not affect how well some birth control methods work to prevent pregnancy. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_3 | no | Hormonal birth control includes pills, the skin patch, the vaginal ring, implants, injectables, and hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC). | Hormonal birth control includes pills, the skin patch, the vaginal ring, implants, injectables, and hormonal intrauterine contraception (CIV). | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_4 | no | Until 4 August 2016, we did computer searches for studies of hormonal birth control among women who were overweight or obese. | Until 6 August 2016, we did computer searches for studies of hormonal birth control among women who were overweight or obese. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_5 | yes | We looked for studies that compared overweight or obese women with women of normal weight or body mass index (BMI). | We looked for studies that compared overweight or obese women with women of abnormal weight or body mass index (BMI). | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_6 | yes | The formula for BMI is weight (kg) / height (m) 2 . | The formula for BMI is weight (kg) / height (m) 3 . | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_7 | no | We included all study designs. | We excluded all study designs. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_8 | no | For the original review, we wrote to investigators to find other studies we might have missed. | For the original review, we wrote to investigators to lose other studies we might have missed. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_9 | no | With 8 studies added in this update, we had 17 with a total of 63,813 women. | With 10 studies added in this update, we had 17 with a total of 63,813 women. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_10 | no | We focus here on 12 studies with high, moderate, or low quality results. | We focus here on 15 studies with high, moderate, or low quality results. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_11 | no | Most did not show more pregnancies for overweight or obese women. | Most did not show fewer pregnancies for overweight or obese women. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_12 | no | Two of five studies using birth control pills found differences between BMI groups. | Three of five studies using birth control pills found differences between BMI groups. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_13 | no | In one, overweight women had a higher pregnancy risk. | In one, overweight women had a lower pregnancy risk. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_14 | no | The other found a lower pregnancy rate for obese women versus nonobese women. | The other found a higher pregnancy rate for obese women versus nonobese women. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_15 | yes | The second study also tested a new skin patch. | The third study also tested a new skin patch. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_16 | no | Obese women in the patch group had a higher pregnancy rate. | Obese women in the patch group had a lower pregnancy rate. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_17 | no | Of five implant studies, two showed differences among weight groups. | Of seven implant studies, two showed differences among weight groups. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_18 | yes | They studied the older six‐capsule implant. | They studied the older eight‐capsule implant. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_19 | yes | One study showed a higher pregnancy rate in years 6 and 7 combined for women weighing 70 kg or more. | One study showed a higher pregnancy rate in years 6 and 7 combined for women weighing 80 kg or more. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_20 | no | The other reported pregnancy differences in year 5 among the lower weight groups only. | The other reported pregnancy differences in year 8 among the lower weight groups only. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_21 | no | Results for other methods of birth control did not show overweight or obesity related to pregnancy rate. | Results for other methods of birth control did not show underweight or obesity related to pregnancy rate. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_22 | yes | Those methods included an injectable, hormonal IUC, and the two‐rod and single‐rod implants. | Those methods included an injectable, hormonal IUC, and the three‐rod and single‐rod implants. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_23 | no | These studies generally did not show an association of BMI or weight with the effect of hormonal methods. | These studies generally did not show an association of BMI or weight with the effect of non-hormonal methods. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_24 | no | We found few studies for most methods. | We found many studies for most methods. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_25 | no | Studies using BMI rather than weight can show whether body fat is related to how well birth control prevents pregnancy. | Studies using BMI rather than weight cannot show whether body fat is related to how well birth control prevents pregnancy. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t1 | t1_26 | no | The methods studied here work very well when used according to directions. | The methods studied here do not work very well when used according to directions. | Obesity has reached epidemic proportions around the world. Effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives may be related to metabolic changes in obesity or to greater body mass or body fat. Hormonal contraceptives include oral contraceptives (OCs), injectables, implants, hormonal intrauterine contraception (IUC), the transde... |
t2 | t2_1 | no | Cluster headaches are excruciating headaches of extreme intensity. | Cluster headaches are mild headaches of extreme intensity. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 4, 2010 ( Law 2010 ). Cluster headache is an uncommon, severely painful, and disabling condition, with rapid onset. Validated treatment options are limited; first‐line therapy includes inhaled oxygen. Other therapies such as intranasal lignoc... |
t2 | t2_2 | yes | They can last for several hours, are usually on one side of the head only, and affect men more than women. | They can last for several hours, are usually on one side of the head only, and affect women more than men. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 4, 2010 ( Law 2010 ). Cluster headache is an uncommon, severely painful, and disabling condition, with rapid onset. Validated treatment options are limited; first‐line therapy includes inhaled oxygen. Other therapies such as intranasal lignoc... |
t2 | t2_3 | yes | Multiple headaches can occur over several days. | Multiple headaches cannot occur over several days. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 4, 2010 ( Law 2010 ). Cluster headache is an uncommon, severely painful, and disabling condition, with rapid onset. Validated treatment options are limited; first‐line therapy includes inhaled oxygen. Other therapies such as intranasal lignoc... |
t2 | t2_4 | yes | Fast pain relief is important because of the intense nature of the pain with cluster headache. | Slow pain relief is important because of the intense nature of the pain with cluster headache. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 4, 2010 ( Law 2010 ). Cluster headache is an uncommon, severely painful, and disabling condition, with rapid onset. Validated treatment options are limited; first‐line therapy includes inhaled oxygen. Other therapies such as intranasal lignoc... |
t2 | t2_5 | no | Triptans are a type of drug used to treat migraine. | Triptans are a type of drug used to prevent migraine. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 4, 2010 ( Law 2010 ). Cluster headache is an uncommon, severely painful, and disabling condition, with rapid onset. Validated treatment options are limited; first‐line therapy includes inhaled oxygen. Other therapies such as intranasal lignoc... |
t2 | t2_6 | no | Although migraine is different from cluster headache, there are reasons to believe that some forms of these drugs could be useful in cluster headache. | Although migraine is different from cluster headache, there are reasons to believe that some forms of these treatments could be useful in cluster headache. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 4, 2010 ( Law 2010 ). Cluster headache is an uncommon, severely painful, and disabling condition, with rapid onset. Validated treatment options are limited; first‐line therapy includes inhaled oxygen. Other therapies such as intranasal lignoc... |
t2 | t2_7 | no | Triptans can be given by injection under the skin (subcutaneously) or by a spray into the nose (intranasally) to produce fast pain relief. | Triptans can be given by injection under the skin (subcutaneously) or by a spray into the mouth (orally) to produce fast pain relief. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 4, 2010 ( Law 2010 ). Cluster headache is an uncommon, severely painful, and disabling condition, with rapid onset. Validated treatment options are limited; first‐line therapy includes inhaled oxygen. Other therapies such as intranasal lignoc... |
t2 | t2_8 | no | The review found six studies examining two different triptans. | The review found eight studies examining two different triptans. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 4, 2010 ( Law 2010 ). Cluster headache is an uncommon, severely painful, and disabling condition, with rapid onset. Validated treatment options are limited; first‐line therapy includes inhaled oxygen. Other therapies such as intranasal lignoc... |
t2 | t2_9 | no | Within 15 minutes of using subcutaneous sumatriptan 6 mg, almost 8 in 10 participants had no worse than mild pain, and 5 in 10 were pain‐free. | Within 20 minutes of using subcutaneous sumatriptan 6 mg, almost 8 in 10 participants had no worse than mild pain, and 5 in 10 were pain‐free. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 4, 2010 ( Law 2010 ). Cluster headache is an uncommon, severely painful, and disabling condition, with rapid onset. Validated treatment options are limited; first‐line therapy includes inhaled oxygen. Other therapies such as intranasal lignoc... |
t2 | t2_10 | no | Within 15 minutes of using intranasal zolmitriptan 5 mg, about 3 in 10 had no worse than mild pain, and 1 in 10 was pain‐free. | Within 20 minutes of using intranasal zolmitriptan 5 mg, about 3 in 10 had no worse than mild pain, and 1 in 10 was pain‐free. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 4, 2010 ( Law 2010 ). Cluster headache is an uncommon, severely painful, and disabling condition, with rapid onset. Validated treatment options are limited; first‐line therapy includes inhaled oxygen. Other therapies such as intranasal lignoc... |
t2 | t2_11 | yes | Adverse events were more common with a triptan than with placebo but they were generally of mild to moderate severity. | Adverse events were more common with a triptan than with placebo but they were generally of severe to extreme severity. | This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 4, 2010 ( Law 2010 ). Cluster headache is an uncommon, severely painful, and disabling condition, with rapid onset. Validated treatment options are limited; first‐line therapy includes inhaled oxygen. Other therapies such as intranasal lignoc... |
t3 | t3_1 | yes | Sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) are cold and hot drinks with added sugar. | Sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) are cold and hot drinks without added sugar. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_2 | yes | Common SSBs are non‐diet soft drinks, regular soda, iced tea, sports drinks, energy drinks, fruit punches, sweetened waters, and sweetened tea and coffee. | Common SSBs are non‐diet soft drinks, regular soda, iced tea, sports drinks, energy drinks, fruit punches, sweetened waters, and unsweetened tea and coffee. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_3 | no | Research shows that people who drink a lot of SSBs often gain weight. | Research shows that people who drink a lot of SSBs often lose weight. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_4 | no | Drinking a lot of SSBs can also increase the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and dental decay. | Drinking a lot of SSBs can also decrease the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and dental decay. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_5 | yes | Doctors therefore recommend that children, teenagers and adults drink fewer SSBs. | Doctors therefore recommend that children, teenagers and adults drink more SSBs. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_6 | no | Governments, businesses, schools and workplaces have taken various measures to support healthier beverage choices. | Governments, businesses, schools and workplaces have taken various measures to oppose healthier beverage choices. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_7 | no | We wanted to find out whether the measures taken so far have been successful in helping people to drink fewer SSBs to improve their health. | We wanted to find out whether the measures taken so far have been unsuccessful in helping people to drink fewer SSBs to improve their health. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_8 | no | We focused on measures that change the environment in which people make beverage choices. | We focused on measures that change the environment in which people avoid beverage choices. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_9 | yes | We did not look at studies on educational programmes or on SSB taxes, as these are examined in separate reviews. | We did not look at studies on educational programmes or on SSB taxes, as these are ignored in separate reviews. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_10 | no | We searched for all available studies meeting clearly‐defined criteria to answer this question. | We searched for no available studies meeting clearly‐defined criteria to answer this question. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_11 | no | We found 58 studies, which included more than one million adults, teenagers and children. | We found 72 studies, which included more than one million adults, teenagers and children. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_12 | no | Most studies lasted about one year, and were done in schools, stores or restaurants. | Most studies lasted about two years, and were done in schools, stores or restaurants. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_13 | no | Some studies used methods that are not very reliable. | Some studies used methods that are extremely reliable. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_14 | yes | For example, in some studies participants were simply asked how much SSB they drank, which is not very reliable, as people sometimes forget how much SSB they drank. | For example, in some studies participants were simply asked how much SSB they drank, which is very reliable, as people sometimes forget how much SSB they drank. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_15 | yes | Some of the findings of our review may therefore change when more and better studies become available. | Some of the findings of our review may therefore not change when more and better studies become available. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_16 | no | We have found some evidence that some of the measures implemented to help people drink fewer SSBs have been successful, including the following: Labels which are easy to understand, such as traffic‐light labels, and labels which rate the healthfulness of beverages with stars or numbers. | We have found some evidence that some of the measures implemented to help people drink fewer SSBs have not been successful, including the following: Labels which are easy to understand, such as traffic‐light labels, and labels which rate the healthfulness of beverages with stars or numbers. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_17 | no | Limits to the availability of SSB in schools (e.g. replacing SSBs with water in school cafeterias). | Limits to the availability of SSB in schools (e.g. replacing SSBs with juice in school cafeterias). | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_18 | no | Price increases on SSBs in restaurants, stores and leisure centres. | Price decreases on SSBs in restaurants, stores and leisure centres. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_19 | no | Children’s menus in chain restaurants which include healthier beverages as their standard beverage. | Children’s menus in chain restaurants which do not include healthier beverages as their standard beverage. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_20 | no | Promotion of healthier beverages in supermarkets. | Promotion of unhealthier beverages in supermarkets. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_21 | no | Government food benefits (e.g. food stamps) which cannot be used to buy SSBs. | Government food benefits (e.g. food stamps) which can be used to buy SSBs. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_22 | no | Community campaigns focused on SSBs. | Community campaigns focused on vaccines. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_23 | yes | Measures that improve the availability of low‐calorie beverages at home, e.g. through home deliveries of bottled water and diet beverages. | Measures that improve the availability of high‐calorie beverages at home, e.g. through home deliveries of bottled water and diet beverages. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_24 | yes | We have also found some evidence that improved availability of drinking water and diet beverages at home can help people lose weight. | We have also found some evidence that improved availability of drinking water and diet beverages at home cannot help people lose weight. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_25 | no | There are also other measures which may influence how much SSB people drink, but for these the available evidence is less certain. | There are also other measures which may influence how much SSB people drink, but for these the available evidence is more certain. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_26 | no | Some, but not all studies found that such measures can have effects which were not intended and which may be negative. | Some, but not all studies found that such measures can have effects which were not intended and which may be positive. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_27 | yes | Some studies reported that profits of stores and restaurants decreased when the measures were implemented, but other studies showed that profits increased or stayed the same. | Some studies reported that profits of stores and restaurants increased when the measures were implemented, but other studies showed that profits increased or stayed the same. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_28 | yes | Children who get free drinking water in schools may drink less milk. | Children who get free drinking water in schools may drink more milk. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_29 | no | Some studies reported that people were unhappy with the measures. | Some studies reported that people were happy with the measures. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_30 | no | We also looked at studies on sugar‐sweetened milk. | We also looked at studies on sugar‐sweetened juice. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_31 | no | We found that small prizes for children who chose plain milk in their school cafeteria, as well as emoticon labels, may help children drink less sugar‐sweetened milk. | We found that small prizes for children who chose plain milk in their school cafeteria, as well as emoticon labels, may help children drink more sugar‐sweetened milk. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_32 | yes | However, this may also drive up the share of milk which is wasted because children choose but do not drink it. | However, this may also drive up the share of milk which is saved because children choose but do not drink it. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_33 | no | Our review shows that measures which change the environment in which people make beverage choices can help people drink less SSB. | Our review shows that measures which change the environment in which people make beverage choices can help people drink more SSB. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_34 | no | Based on our findings we suggest that such measures may be used more widely. | Based on our findings we suggest that such measures may not be used more widely. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t3 | t3_35 | no | Government officials, business people and health professionals implementing such measures should work together with researchers to find out more about their effects in the short and long term. | Government officials, business people and health professionals implementing such measures should refuse to work together with researchers to find out more about their effects in the short and long term. | Frequent consumption of excess amounts of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) is a risk factor for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and dental caries. Environmental interventions, i.e. interventions that alter the physical or social environment in which individuals make beverage choices, have been advocated... |
t4 | t4_1 | yes | A baby may be in this situation because the placenta is no longer functioning well and this means the baby may be short of nutrition or oxygen. | A baby may be in this situation because the placenta is no longer functioning well and this means the baby may not be short of nutrition or oxygen. | Fetal compromise in the term pregnancy is suspected when the following clinical indicators are present: intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), decreased fetal movement (DFM), or when investigations such as cardiotocography (CTG) and ultrasound reveal results inconsistent with standard measurements. Pathological result... |
t4 | t4_2 | no | We asked in this Cochrane review if it is better to induce labour or do a caesarean section (both ways of ensuring the baby is born earlier) rather than letting the pregnancy continue until labour starts by itself. | We asked in this Cochrane review if it is better to induce labour or do a vaginal delivery (both ways of ensuring the baby is born earlier) rather than letting the pregnancy continue until labour starts by itself. | Fetal compromise in the term pregnancy is suspected when the following clinical indicators are present: intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), decreased fetal movement (DFM), or when investigations such as cardiotocography (CTG) and ultrasound reveal results inconsistent with standard measurements. Pathological result... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.