Question stringlengths 6 846 | Choice A stringlengths 1 208 | Choice B stringlengths 1 160 | Choice C stringlengths 1 216 | Choice D stringlengths 1 226 | Choice E stringlengths 1 145 | answer stringclasses 5 values | answer_text stringlengths 1 226 | topic stringclasses 19 values |
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The most helpful test for evaluating macular function in a patient with advanced cataract is | blue field entoptic phenomenon | 2-light separation | red-light discrimination | directional light projection | nan | b | 2-light separation | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Ectopia lentis is least likely to be associated with | cleft palate | pectus excavatum | short stature | mental retardation | nan | a | cleft palate | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Anterior segment signs of ciliary body melanoma include all of the following except | corneal edema | increased IOP | astigmatism | cataract | nan | a | corneal edema | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Which of the following is least characteristic of ICE syndrome? | corneal edema | increased IOP | ectropion uveae | PAS | nan | b | increased IOP | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
The crystalline lens is formed from which embryologic tissue? | neural crest | ectoderm | mesoderm | endoderm | nan | b | ectoderm | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
A stellate anterior subcapsular cataract is most likely to be found in a patient with | Fabry’s disease | atopic dermatitis | myotonic dystrophy | electrical injury | nan | d | electrical injury | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
The most useful diagnostic test in an infant with an oil-droplet cataract is | urine amino acids | calcium | TORCH titers | urine reducing substances | nan | d | urine reducing substances | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Which of the following does not occur in siderosis bulbi? | glaucoma | retinal atrophy | sunflower cataract | fixed pupil | nan | c | sunflower cataract | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
A patient has a history of increased IOP with exercise; which finding is associated with this condition? | Krukenberg spindle | PAS | phacodenesis | pars plana snowbank | nan | a | Krukenberg spindle | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Separation between the longitudinal and circumferential fibers of the ciliary muscle is called | iridoschisis | angle recession | iridodialysis | cyclodialysis | nan | b | angle recession | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Characteristics of pigment dispersion syndrome include all of the following except | increased IOP with exercise | Krukenberg’s spindle | phacodenesis | radial iris transillumination defects | nan | c | phacodenesis | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Genetics of aniridia are best summarized as | ⅓ AR, ⅔ AD | ⅓ sporadic, ⅔ AR | ⅓ AD, ⅔ sporadic | ⅓ sporadic, ⅔ AD | nan | d | ⅓ sporadic, ⅔ AD | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
A sickle cell patient with a hyphema develops increased IOP; which of the following treatment choices is best? | pilocarpine | Diamox | hyperosmotic | Timoptic | nan | d | Timoptic | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
A pigmentary retinopathy occurs in which mesodermal dysgenesis syndrome? | Axenfeld’s anomaly | Alagille’s syndrome | Rieger’s syndrome | Peter’s anomaly | nan | b | Alagille’s syndrome | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Of the following causes of iris heterochromia, the involved iris is hyperchromic in | ICE syndrome | Horner’s syndrome | Waardenburg’s syndrome | Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis | nan | a | ICE syndrome | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Which of the following iris lesions is a true tumor? | Kunkmann-Wolffian body | Koeppe nodule | Lisch nodule | juvenile xanthogranuloma | nan | c | Lisch nodule | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
At which location is the lens capsule thinnest? | anterior capsule | posterior capsule | equatorial capsule | anterior paracentral capsule | nan | b | posterior capsule | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
The iris sphincter is derived from what embryologic tissue? | neural crest cells | surface ectoderm | neural ectoderm | mesoderm | nan | c | neural ectoderm | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Which of the following is not associated with sunset syndrome? | asymmetric IOL haptic placement | polyopia | pseudoexfoliation | hyphema | nan | d | hyphema | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Lens epithelial cells differentiate into lens fibers | anterior to the equator | at the equator | posterior to the equator | in the fetal nucleus | nan | a | anterior to the equator | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Light of which wavelength is absorbed greatest by a dense nuclear sclerotic cataract? | red | green | yellow | blue | nan | d | blue | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
A patient with background diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macular edema desires cataract surgery. The most appropriate management is | cataract surgery | focal laser treatment then cataract surgery | cataract surgery then panretinal photocoagulation | cataract surgery with intraoperative laser treatment | nan | b | focal laser treatment then cataract surgery | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
After finishing phacoemulsification on a dense cataract, the surgeon notes whitening of the clear corneal incision. The most likely cause is | tight incision | high aspiration flow rate | high phaco power | 45° bevel phaco needle | nan | a | tight incision | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Nuclear brunescence increases with higher concentrations of which lens protein? | alpha crystallin | beta crystallin | gamma crystallin | main intrinsic polypeptide | nan | d | main intrinsic polypeptide | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Lens fibers contain nuclei in all of the following conditions except | trisomy 13 | syphilis | rubella | Lowe’s syndrome | nan | b | syphilis | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
The most likely cause of an intraoperative complication during cataract surgery in a patient with pseudoexfoliation syndrome is | small pupil | thin posterior capsule | weak zonules | shallow anterior chamber | nan | c | weak zonules | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
The majority of glucose metabolism in the lens is by | glycolysis | pentose phosphate pathway | reduction to sorbitol | conversion to glucuronic acid | nan | a | glycolysis | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
The most appropriate systemic treatment for a patient with a sunflower cataract is | insulin | penicillamine | steroids | methotrexate | nan | b | penicillamine | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Which of the following is the least likely cause of decreased vision 2 years after cataract surgery? | subluxed IOL | retinal detachment | posterior capsular opacity | cystoid macular edema | nan | d | cystoid macular edema | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Which type of cataract is most closely associated with UV-B exposure? | anterior subcapsular | cortical | nuclear sclerotic | posterior subcapsular | nan | b | cortical | ANTERIOR SEGMENT |
Which of the following is in the CORRECT order, from anterior to posterior. | Schwalbe's line, trabecular meshwork, scleral spur, ciliary body, iris | Schwalbe's line, scleral spur, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, iris | Schwalbe's line, trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, scleral spur, iris | Schwalbe's line, trabecular meshwork, scleral spur, iris, ciliary body | nan | a | Schwalbe's line, trabecular meshwork, scleral spur, ciliary body, iris | Cataract |
Where do the lens zonules arise from? | Circular muscles of the ciliary body | Valleys of the ciliary processes | Peaks of the ciliary processes | Longitudinal muscles of the ciliary body | nan | b | Valleys of the ciliary processes | Cataract |
Which of the following has the GREATEST resistance to aqueous outflow? | Juxtacanalicular segment of the trabecular meshwork | Corneoscleral segment of the trabecular meshwork | Non-pigmented segment of the trabecular meshwork | Uveal segment of the trabecular meshwork | nan | a | Juxtacanalicular segment of the trabecular meshwork | Cataract |
At 8-weeks post non-complicated cataract extraction, a patient develops posterior capsular opacity. After undergoing a laser capsulotomy, the patient develops uveitis. What is the MOST likely cause of the inflammation? | Staphylococcus epidermidis | Propionibacterium acnes | Herpes simplex | Staphylococcus aureus | nan | b | Propionibacterium acnes | Cataract |
What type of endothelial cells make up the lining of Schlemm’s canal? | Ciliated epithelium | Transitional epithelium | Nonfenestrated cells with tight junctions | Fenestrated cells with tight junctions | nan | c | Nonfenestrated cells with tight junctions | Cataract |
What is the primary metabolism of the adult lens? | Glycerol pathway | Glucose monophosphate shunt | Anaerobic | Ketogenesis | nan | c | Anaerobic | Cataract |
Which of the following is the major component of the iris stroma? | collagen | blood vessels | striated muscle | smooth muscle | nan | b | blood vessels | Cataract |
Which of the following BEST explains accommodation? | Relaxation of the circular muscles of the ciliary body results in pupil constriction and therefore helps with accomodation | Constriction of the circular muscles of the ciliary body results in the lens becoming more globular in shape | Relaxation of the circular muscles of the ciliary body results in the lens increasing its refractive power | The lens decreases its anterior-posterior lens diameter therefore increasing its refractive power | nan | b | Constriction of the circular muscles of the ciliary body results in the lens becoming more globular in shape | Cataract |
Which of the following is the MOST CORRECT about the lens capsule? | It is the basement membrane of the lens epithelium | The lens epithelial cells lie on the lens capsule and contact the aqueous | The thinnest part is the anterior lens capsule | The lens capsule becomes opaque with age | nan | a | It is the basement membrane of the lens epithelium | Cataract |
What is the average size of the adult lens? | 9 mm x 4 mm | 9 mm x 3 mm | 10 mm x 5.5 mm | 10 mm x 6 mm | nan | a | 9 mm x 4 mm | Cataract |
What contributes to the pigmentation of the iris? | Anterior border of the deep iris stroma | Anterior iris surface | Posterior iris surface | Posterior pigment epithelium | nan | a | Anterior border of the deep iris stroma | Cataract |
Which of the following structure is continuous with the posterior pigmented epithelium of the iris? | Neurosensory retina | Longitudinal muscles of the ciliary body | Circular muscles of the ciliary body | Pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body | nan | a | Neurosensory retina | Cataract |
Where are the dividing lens epithelial cells located? | Within the lens cortex | Within the lens nucleus | Beneath the posterior lens capsule | Beneath the anterior and equatorial lens capsule | nan | d | Beneath the anterior and equatorial lens capsule | Cataract |
Which part of the lens capsule is thinnest? | Equator | Anterior | Posterior | Anterior peripherally | nan | c | Posterior | Cataract |
Where does the lens receive its nourishment in the adult? | Aqueous humor | Hyaloid artery | Lens zonules | Long posterior ciliary artery | nan | a | Aqueous humor | Cataract |
A patient had cataract surgery 5 years previously and complains of decreased vision in the same eye. On examination, there is an opacification of the posterior lens capsule. What is the MOST likely cause? | Sub-clinical anterior segment inflammation | Propionibacterium acnes colonization of the posterior capsule | Oxidation of the posterior capsule | Proliferation of epithelial cells | nan | d | Proliferation of epithelial cells | Cataract |
Conjunctival injection is characterized by the following, EXCEPT: | Bright red colour. | Movable. | Not affected by vasoconstrictors. | Individual vessels are easily distinguished. | nan | c | Not affected by vasoconstrictors. | Conjunctiva |
One of these is NOT manifested by ciliary injection: | Corneal ulcer | Viral conjunctivitis. | Acute congestive glaucoma. | Acute iridocyclitis. | nan | b | Viral conjunctivitis. | Conjunctiva |
Persistent unilateral conjunctivitis is usually due to: | Purulent conjunctivitis. | Chronic dacryocystitis. | Mucopurulent conjunctivitis. | Foreign body. | nan | b | Chronic dacryocystitis. | Conjunctiva |
In ophthalmia neonatorum, all the following are TRUE, EXCEPT: | Caused by birth trauma. | Frequently caused by gonococcal infection. | Maternal infection plays a role. | Silver nitrate drops were used as a prophylaxis. | nan | a | Caused by birth trauma. | Conjunctiva |
All the following can be caused by chlamydial infection, EXCEPT: | Ophthalmia neonatorum | Trachoma. | Inclusion Conjunctivitis. | Central corneal ulcer. | nan | d | Central corneal ulcer. | Conjunctiva |
These organisms can be seen normally in the conjunctiva: | Koch-Weeks bacillus. | Pneumococci. | Corynebacterium xerosis. | Corynebacterium diphtheria. | nan | c | Corynebacterium xerosis. | Conjunctiva |
Most common organism in purulent conjunctivitis is: | Pneumococci. | Streptococci. | Gonococci. | Herpes simplex virus | nan | c | Gonococci. | Conjunctiva |
Subconjunctival hemorrhage is NOT caused by: | Trauma. | Mucopurulent conjunctivitis. | Adenoviral infection. | Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. | nan | b | Mucopurulent conjunctivitis. | Conjunctiva |
Which of the following is TRUE about vernal conjunctivitis? | Always unilateral. | Usually occurs in young boys. | Antibiotic drops are the main therapy. | Main symptom is foreign body sensation. | nan | b | Usually occurs in young boys. | Conjunctiva |
Patient presented with itching, lacrimation, excoriation and macerated outer canthus. What is the organism: | Morax Axenfeld diplobacillus | Haemophilus influenza. | Pneumococci | Koch- Weeks diplobacillus. | nan | a | Morax Axenfeld diplobacillus | Conjunctiva |
An old asthmatic hypertensive patient, presented with severe red eye after acute attack of cough. What is the most probable cause? | Corneal abrasion. | Acute conjunctivitis. | Spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage. | Acute iritis. | nan | c | Spontaneous subconjunctival hemorrhage. | Conjunctiva |
All the following are sure signs of trachoma, EXCEPT: | Arlt’s line. | Papillae of upper tarsal conjunctiva. | Herbert’s Pits. | Expressible follicles. | nan | b | Papillae of upper tarsal conjunctiva. | Conjunctiva |
Itching is common with: | Spring catarrh. | Trachoma. | Mucopurulent conjunctivitis. | Corneal ulcer. | nan | a | Spring catarrh. | Conjunctiva |
The secretions of spring catarrh are rich in: | Eosinophils. | Neutrophils. | Basophils. | Lymphocytes. | nan | a | Eosinophils. | Conjunctiva |
Pinguecula is: | Fatty degeneration. | Hyaline degeneration. | Elastoid hyaline degeneration. | Elastoid degeneration. | nan | c | Elastoid hyaline degeneration. | Conjunctiva |
Giant papillary conjunctivitis can be caused by all the following, EXCEPT: | Artificial prosthesis. | Spring catarrh. | Contact lens wear. | Acute conjunctivitis. | nan | d | Acute conjunctivitis. | Conjunctiva |
Topical treatment used for phlyctenular conjunctivitis is: | Antibiotic drops. | Vasoconstrictor drops. | Corticosteroid drops. | Antiviral drops. | nan | c | Corticosteroid drops. | Conjunctiva |
All the following may cause pterygium, EXCEPT: | Exposure to ultra violet rays. | Viral infection. | Pinguecula. | Living in tropical area. | nan | b | Viral infection. | Conjunctiva |
A patient has double vision one moth post pterygium surgery. What is the reason? | Medial rectus weakness. | Lateral rectus paralysis. | Symblepharon formation | Recurrence | nan | c | Symblepharon formation | Conjunctiva |
All the following treatments are useful in preventing the recurrence after pterygium excision, EXCEPT: | Topical antibiotics. | Topical corticosteroids. | Beta irradiation. | 5 FU eye drops. | nan | a | Topical antibiotics. | Conjunctiva |
Which of the following is specific for the diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis? | Eye redness | Itching | Foreign body sensation | Excessive lacrimation | nan | b | Itching | Conjunctiva |
What is the reflective power of the cornea? | -200 D | -4 D | 60 D | 43 D | nan | d | 43 D | Cornea |
A 65 year old man suffered from a chemical burn involving 360 degrees around the corneal limbus. The patient underwent a penetrating keratoplasty. Now there is opacification of the corneal surface. What is the MOST appropriate course of action? | Limbal stem cell transplant | Repeat penetrating keratoplasty | Tarsorrhaphy | Epikeratoplasty | nan | a | Limbal stem cell transplant | Cornea |
At what structure does Descemet's membrane and Bowman's layer terminate? | Schwalbe's line | Corneal limbus | Scleral spur | Sampaolesi's line | nan | a | Schwalbe's line | Cornea |
What is the average central corneal thickness in an adult? | 550 microns | 450 microns | 500 microns | 600 microns | nan | a | 550 microns | Cornea |
Which part of the eye contributes the MOST refractive power? | Vitreous | Tear film and cornea | Aqueous | Lens | nan | b | Tear film and cornea | Cornea |
Which embryonic tissue develops into the corneal epithelium? | Surface ectoderm | Mesoderm | Neural crest | Neural ectoderm | nan | a | Surface ectoderm | Cornea |
Which of the following contribute to the mucous layer of the tear film? | Goblet cells | Meibomian glands | Glands of Krause and Wolfring | Glands of Moll | nan | a | Goblet cells | Cornea |
Which embryonic tissue develops into the corneal endothelium? | Neural ectoderm | Mesoderm | Neural crest | Surface ectoderm | nan | d | Surface ectoderm | Cornea |
If the average radius of curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea is 8 mm, a radius of 8.2 mm in all meridia results in: | Myopia. | Hypermetropia. | Simple myopic astigmatism. | Compound hypermetropic astigmatism. | No changes. | b | Hypermetropia. | Cornea |
Of the total dioptric power of the eye, the cornea represents which of the following? | 1/2 | 3/4 | 2/3 | 4/5 | None of the above. | c | 2/3 | Cornea |
Descemet’s Membrane is characterized by: | Easily destroyed, and can regenerate. | Easily destroyed, and never regenerates. | Resistant to destruction, and can regenerate. | Resistant to destruction, and never regenerates. | None of the above. | e | None of the above. | Cornea |
The substantia propria of the cornea proper receives its blood supply from: | Medial and lateral palpebral arteries. | Anterior ciliary arteries. | Circulus arteriosus major. | Circulus arteriosus minor. | None of the above. | e | None of the above. | Cornea |
The corneal touch reflex involves the following cranial nerves: | II and III. | II and IV. | V and III. | V and VI. | V and VII. | e | V and VII. | Cornea |
The corneal light reflex depends on all the following, EXCEPT: | Healthy tear film. | The convex mirror property of the cornea. | Corneal nerve fibers are demyelinated. | Intact corneal epithelium. | The corneal epithelium is non-keratinized. | c | Corneal nerve fibers are demyelinated. | Cornea |
Corneal transparency results from the following anatomical factors, EXCEPT: | The cornea is devoid of blood vessels. | The cornea is devoid of lymphatic vessels. | The corneal nerve fibers are demyelinated. | The corneal epithelium is non-keratinized simple columnar epithelium. | The stromal lamellae are regularly arranged. | d | The corneal epithelium is non-keratinized simple columnar epithelium. | Cornea |
The direct and immediate consequence of corneal endothelial injury is: | Corneal vascularization. | Corneal edema. | Corneal hypoesthesia. | Corneal scarring. | Corneal ulcer. | b | Corneal edema. | Cornea |
Which of the following bacteria can invade an intact corneal epithelium? | Gonococci. | Pneumococci. | Streptococci. | Staphylococci. | Pseudomonas. | a | Gonococci. | Cornea |
Which of the following fungus can invade an intact corneal epithelium? | Candida albicans. | Aspergillus niger. | Actinomyces bovis. | Rhizopus nigricans. | None of the above. | e | None of the above. | Cornea |
Symptoms of corneal involvement include all the following, EXCEPT: | Lacrimation. | Pricking pain. | Blepharospasm. | Corneal edema. | Photophobia. | d | Corneal edema. | Cornea |
Ciliary injection is characterized by all the following, EXCEPT: | Thick, dilated, tortuous blood vessels. | Involves the 4 mm circum-limbal area. | Violaceous color | Not constricted by adrenaline drops. | Accompanies severe intra-ocular infections. | a | Thick, dilated, tortuous blood vessels. | Cornea |
The following facts are TRUE about hypopyon in a case of corneal ulcer, EXCEPT: | Contains large molecular weight proteins. | Contains Pneumococci. | Contains fibrin. | May elevate the IOP. | Indicates associated iridocyclitis. | b | Contains Pneumococci. | Cornea |
A patient with central corneal nebula was able to see 6/36 uncorrected. If this is a central macula lesion, the vision would be: | 6/12 | 6/18 | 6/24 | 6/36 | 6/60 | e | 6/60 | Cornea |
Leucoma non-adherent is one of the complications of perforating corneal ulcers that may occur in: | Healed central Descemetocele. | Small central perforation with no iris prolapse. | Central dendritic corneal ulcer. | Dense central KPs. | None of the above. | b | Small central perforation with no iris prolapse. | Cornea |
Fluorescein stain helps diagnose perforating corneal ulcers complicated with fistula formation. Fluorescein will stain: | Floor of the ulcer. | Edges of the ulcer. | Aqueous humor. | Dead epithelium. | Corneal stroma. | c | Aqueous humor. | Cornea |
Non-specific treatment of corneal ulcers should include all the following, EXCEPT: | Mydriatic cycloplegic drops. | Pain medications. | Antibiotics. | Eye bandage. | Heat application. | c | Antibiotics. | Cornea |
The following bacteria is responsible for typical hypopyon corneal ulcers: | Gonococci. | Pneumococci. | Streptococci. | Staphylococci. | Pseudomonas. | b | Pneumococci. | Cornea |
Descemetocele formation is uncommon with: | Gonococci. | Pneumococci. | Streptococci. | Staphylococci. | Pseudomonas. | b | Pneumococci. | Cornea |
All the following are primary non-infective corneal ulcers, EXCEPT: | Atheromatous corneal ulcers. | Neuroparalytic corneal ulcers. | Phlyctenular corneal ulcers. | Keratomalacia. | Mooren’s ulcers. | c | Phlyctenular corneal ulcers. | Cornea |
Pain, a constant feature in corneal ulcers, is out of proportion to findings in: | Typical hypopyon corneal ulcers. | Herpetic corneal ulcers. | Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers. | Lagophthalmos corneal ulcers. | Neuroparalytic corneal ulcers. | c | Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers. | Cornea |
Pain, a constant feature in corneal ulcers, is least in: | Typical hypopyon corneal ulcers. | Herpetic corneal ulcers. | Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers. | Lagophthalmos corneal ulcers. | Neuroparalytic corneal ulcers. | e | Neuroparalytic corneal ulcers. | Cornea |
Corneal hypoesthesia is one of the diagnostic signs of: | Herpetic corneal ulcers. | Typical hypopyon corneal ulcers. | Atypical hypopyon corneal ulcers. | Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers. | Mooren’s ulcers. | a | Herpetic corneal ulcers. | Cornea |
Coagulated (pyramidal) hypopyon is a sign of: | Herpetic corneal ulcers. | Typical hypopyon corneal ulcers. | Atypical hypopyon corneal ulcers. | Acanthamoeba corneal ulcers. | Mooren’s ulcers. | c | Atypical hypopyon corneal ulcers. | Cornea |
The following corneal ulcers usually start near the limbus, EXCEPT: | Fascicular ulcer. | Typical trachomatous ulcer. | Typical hypopyon ulcer. | Mooren’s ulcer. | Marginal ring ulcer. | c | Typical hypopyon ulcer. | Cornea |
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