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article stringlengths 4.36k 149k | summary stringlengths 32 3.35k | section_headings listlengths 1 91 | keywords listlengths 0 141 | year stringclasses 13
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Fanconi Anemia ( FA ) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypersensitivity to inter-strand crosslinks ( ICLs ) . FANCD2 , a central factor of the FA pathway , is essential for the repair of double strand breaks ( DSBs ) generated during fork collapse at ICLs . While lesions different from ICLs can a... | Here we show that irradiation with low doses of UV light causes modest accumulation of replication-coupled double strand breaks ( DSBs ) , i . e . collapsed forks . Remarkably , the Fanconi Anemia protein FANCD2 is central to prevent the aberrant processing of UV-triggered DSBs and the generation of micronuclei and chr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2016 | Chromosomal Integrity after UV Irradiation Requires FANCD2-Mediated Repair of Double Strand Breaks |
The use of the bacterium Wolbachia is an attractive alternative method to control vector populations . In mosquitoes , as in members of the Culex pipiens complex , Wolbachia induces a form of embryonic lethality called cytoplasmic incompatibility , a sperm-egg incompatibility occurring when infected males mate either w... | Mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex are important vectors of human pathogens including filarial parasites and many currently expanding arboviruses . The absence of effective vaccines and the evolution of insecticide resistance stress the urgent need for the development of novel control strategies . One strategy tha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"vector",
"biology",
"biology",
"microbiology"
] | 2011 | Cytoplasmic Incompatibility as a Means of Controlling Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Mosquito in the Islands of the South-Western Indian Ocean |
Rabies is a fatal zoonosis that still causes nearly 70 , 000 human deaths every year . In Europe , the oral rabies vaccination ( ORV ) of red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) was developed in the late 1970s and has demonstrated its effectiveness in the eradication of the disease in Western and some Central European countries . ... | This paper reviews ten years of rabies epidemiology in the three Baltic countries . Both surveillance efforts and oral rabies vaccination campaigns have resulted in the near eradication of the disease . Multivariate analysis assessed with generalized linear models ( GLM ) suggested lower oral vaccination effectiveness ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"geographical",
"locations",
"estonia",
"dogs",
"animals",
"mammals",
"viruses",
"vaccines",
"preventiv... | 2016 | Rabies in the Baltic States: Decoding a Process of Control and Elimination |
Spatial modeling is increasingly utilized to elucidate relationships between demographic , environmental , and socioeconomic factors , and infectious disease prevalence data . However , there is a paucity of studies focusing on spatio-temporal modeling that take into account the uncertainty of diagnostic techniques . W... | Schistosomiasis is a serious public health problem in the People's Republic of China and elsewhere , and mapping of risk areas is important for guiding control interventions . Here , a 10-year surveillance database from Dangtu County in the southeastern part of the People's Republic of China was utilized for modeling t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/epidemiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/helminth",
"infections",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology/social",
"and",
"behavioral",
"determinants",
"of",
"health",
"mathema... | 2008 | Bayesian Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Schistosoma japonicum Prevalence Data in the Absence of a Diagnostic ‘Gold’ Standard |
Staphylococcus aureus is a human commensal that can also cause systemic infections . This transition requires evasion of the immune response and the ability to exploit different niches within the host . However , the disease mechanisms and the dominant immune mediators against infection are poorly understood . Previous... | Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that causes a wide variety of infections . In animal infection models , high doses of S . aureus are generally required to establish infections . We have recently shown in animal models that this is due to very few bacteria within the infecting population going on to caus... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"&",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fish",
"liver",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"vertebrates",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"animals",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthye... | 2018 | Staphylococcus aureus infection dynamics |
Novel drugs are required for the elimination of infections caused by filarial worms , as most commonly used drugs largely target the microfilariae or first stage larvae of these infections . Previous studies , conducted in vitro , have shown that inhibition of Hsp90 kills adult Brugia pahangi . As numerous small molecu... | Adult filarial worms are long-lived nematode parasites that have proved very difficult to kill with existing drugs . Current campaigns for the control or elimination of these parasites are largely based on treatment with drugs such as diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin , that preferentially kill the first stage larvae of... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"oncology",
"medicine",
"chemotherapy",
"and",
"drug",
"treatment",
"cancer",
"treatment",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"parasitology"
] | 2014 | A Repurposing Strategy for Hsp90 Inhibitors Demonstrates Their Potency against Filarial Nematodes |
Spikelets are small spike-like depolarizations that can be measured in somatic intracellular recordings . Their origin in pyramidal neurons remains controversial . To explain spikelet generation , we propose a novel single-cell mechanism: somato-dendritic input generates action potentials at the axon initial segment th... | Action potentials ( APs ) are digital , all-or-none signals by which neurons communicate with each other . Therefore , APs are the basis of neural function , yet some of their fundamental features are still not well understood . Here we focus on pyramidal cells , which are the principal neurons in neocortex and hippoca... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"cell",
"physiology",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"action",
"potentials",
"nervous",
"system",
"depolarization",
"membrane",
"potential",
"junctional",
"complexes",
"electrophysiology",
"neuroscience",
"gap",
"junctions",
"ion",
"channels",
"nerve",
"fibers",... | 2017 | Spikelets in Pyramidal Neurons: Action Potentials Initiated in the Axon Initial Segment That Do Not Activate the Soma |
The bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei , the causative agent of sleeping sickness , rely solely on glycolysis for ATP production . It is generally accepted that pyruvate is the major end-product excreted from glucose metabolism by the proliferative long-slender bloodstream forms of the parasite , with virtually no... | Many protists , including parasitic helminthes , trichomonads and trypanosomatids , produce acetate in their mitochondrion or mitochondrion-like organelle , which is excreted as a main metabolic end-product of their energy metabolism . We have recently demonstrated that mitochondrial production of acetate is essential ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2013 | Revisiting the Central Metabolism of the Bloodstream Forms of Trypanosoma brucei: Production of Acetate in the Mitochondrion Is Essential for Parasite Viability |
DNA molecules are highly charged semi-flexible polymers that are involved in a wide variety of dynamical processes such as transcription and replication . Characterizing the binding landscapes around DNA molecules is essential to understanding the energetics and kinetics of various biological processes . We present a c... | Protein-DNA and ion-DNA interactions are key for many essential biological activities such as DNA condensation , replication , transcription and repair . All these processes require DNA-binding proteins to associate tightly to their specific targets , while also being able to find these sites in an efficient way . To f... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | DNA Exit Ramps Are Revealed in the Binding Landscapes Obtained from Simulations in Helical Coordinates |
Theileria parasites invade and transform bovine leukocytes causing either East Coast fever ( T . parva ) , or tropical theileriosis ( T . annulata ) . Susceptible animals usually die within weeks of infection , but indigenous infected cattle show markedly reduced pathology , suggesting that host genetic factors may cau... | Theileria annulata causes tropical theileriosis that is endemic in cattle in North Africa , the Middle East , India and China . T . parva causes East Coast fever that is prevalent in East and Southern Africa . In endemic countries indigenous cattle are more resistant to pathology , but produce little meat and milk and ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"cell",
"biology/extra-cellular",
"matrix",
"cell",
"biology/leukocyte",
"signaling",
"and",
"gene",
"expression"
] | 2010 | TGF-b2 Induction Regulates Invasiveness of Theileria-Transformed Leukocytes and Disease Susceptibility |
No-go Decay ( NGD ) is a process that has evolved to deal with stalled ribosomes resulting from structural blocks or aberrant mRNAs . The process is distinguished by an endonucleolytic cleavage prior to degradation of the transcript . While many of the details of the pathway have been described , the identity of the en... | In all organisms , optimum cellular fitness depends on the ability of cells to recognize and degrade aberrant molecules . Messenger RNA is subject to alterations and , as a result , often presents roadblocks for the translating ribosomes . It is not surprising , then , that organisms evolved pathways to resolve these v... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"northern",
"analysis",
"deletion",
"mutation",
"molecular",
"probe",
"techniques",
"messenger",
"rna",
"polyribosomes",
"mutation",
"fungi",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniques",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"gel",
"electrophoresis",
"research",
"and",
... | 2018 | Interactions between the mRNA and Rps3/uS3 at the entry tunnel of the ribosomal small subunit are important for no-go decay |
Viruses in the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family are arthropod-transmitted and contribute to staggering numbers of human infections and significant deaths annually across the globe . To identify cellular factors with antiviral activity against flaviviruses , we screened a cDNA library using an iterative appro... | Viruses in the Flavivirus genus are transmitted by arthropods and cause significant disease burden across the globe . We undertook a screening approach to select for and identify host factors that provide resistance to death caused by infection with the mosquito-transmitted Flavivirus , yellow fever virus ( YFV ) . We ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"biology/membranes",
"and",
"sorting",
"virology/viral",
"replication",
"and",
"gene",
"regulation",
"virology/mechanisms",
"of",
"resistance",
"and",
"susceptibility,",
"including",
"host",
"genetics"
] | 2011 | Identification and Characterization of the Host Protein DNAJC14 as a Broadly Active Flavivirus Replication Modulator |
The population genetic perspective is that the processes shaping genomic variation can be revealed only through simultaneous investigation of sequence polymorphism and divergence within and between closely related species . Here we present a population genetic analysis of Drosophila simulans based on whole-genome shotg... | Population genomics , the study of genome-wide patterns of sequence variation within and between closely related species , can provide a comprehensive view of the relative importance of mutation , recombination , natural selection , and genetic drift in evolution . It can also provide fundamental insights into the biol... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results/Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | Population Genomics: Whole-Genome Analysis of Polymorphism and Divergence in Drosophila simulans |
In both humans and Drosophila melanogaster , UDP-galactose 4′-epimerase ( GALE ) catalyzes two distinct reactions , interconverting UDP-galactose ( UDP-gal ) and UDP-glucose ( UDP-glc ) in the final step of the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism , and also interconverting UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine ( UDP-galNAc ) an... | In this manuscript we apply a fruit fly model to explore the relative contributions of each of two different activities attributed to a single enzyme—UDP-galactose 4′-epimerase ( GALE ) ; partial impairment of human GALE results in the potentially severe metabolic disorder epimerase deficiency galactosemia . One GALE a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"biology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | UDP-Galactose 4′-Epimerase Activities toward UDP-Gal and UDP-GalNAc Play Different Roles in the Development of Drosophila melanogaster |
The identification and characterization of antigens expressed in Trypanosoma cruzi stages that parasitize mammals are essential steps for the development of new vaccines and diagnostics . Genes that are preferentially expressed in trypomastigotes may be involved in key processes that define the biology of trypomastigot... | Chagas' disease , caused by the kinetoplastid protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi , is endemic in Latin America . At present there are neither vaccines for prevention nor totally effective drugs for the treatment of the disease . T . cruzi has a complex life cycle alternating between a reduviid insect ( the vector ) a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"discovery",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology/parasitology",
"infectious",
"diseases/protozoal",
"infections",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/bioinformatic... | 2010 | TcTASV: A Novel Protein Family in Trypanosoma cruzi Identified from a Subtractive Trypomastigote cDNA Library |
The interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) with host cell death signaling pathways is characterized by an initial anti-apoptotic phase followed by a pro-necrotic phase to allow for host cell exit of the bacteria . The bacterial modulators regulating necrosis induction are poorly understood . Here we describe... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) , the causative agent of tuberculosis , is a highly successful human pathogen . Following entry into host phagocytic cells , Mtb resides within a modified phagosomal compartment and inhibits apoptotic host cell death . Recent studies have demonstrated that Mtb eventually translocates ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"flow",
"cytometry",
"cell",
"death",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"autophagic",
"cell",
"death",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"cell",
"processes",
"microbiology",
"signs",
"and",
"symptoms",
... | 2016 | Identification of a Transcription Factor That Regulates Host Cell Exit and Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
The agr quorum-sensing system of Staphylococcus aureus modulates the expression of virulence factors in response to autoinducing peptides ( AIPs ) . Recent studies have suggested a role for the agr system in S . aureus biofilm development , as agr mutants exhibit a high propensity to form biofilms , and cells dispersin... | A biofilm is a surface-attached community of cells bound together by an extracellular matrix . In a bacterial infection , biofilm-encased cells are protected from antibiotic therapy and host immune response , and these encased cells can develop into a chronic infection . Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent bacterial p... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"microbiology/microbial",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"microbiology/cellular",
"microbiology",
"and",
"pathogenesis",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/antimicrobials",
"and",
"drug",
"resistance"
] | 2008 | agr-Mediated Dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms |
Although malaria has been the leading cause of fever for many years , with improved control regimes malaria transmission , morbidity and mortality have decreased . Recent studies have increasingly demonstrated the importance of non-malaria fevers , which have significantly improved our understanding of etiologies of fe... | Understanding the awareness of the community on non-malaria febrile illnesses is crucial , especially during the recent decline of malaria episodes of malaria . This study conducted focus group discussions with communities to assess their awareness of non-malaria febrile illnesses . In addition , in-depth interviews wi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"veterinary",
"science",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"social",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Community Knowledge and Attitudes and Health Workers' Practices regarding Non-malaria Febrile Illnesses in Eastern Tanzania |
The simultaneous targeting of host and pathogen processes represents an untapped approach for the treatment of intracellular infections . Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 ( HIF-1 ) is a host cell transcription factor that is activated by and required for the growth of the intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii at... | Understanding how a compound blocks growth of an intracellular pathogen is important not only for developing these compounds into drugs that can be prescribed to patients , but also because these data will likely provide novel insight into the biology of these pathogens . Forward genetic screens are one established app... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"signal",
"transduction",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"cell",
"biology",
"host-pathogen",
"interactions",
"genetic",
"screens",
"medical",
"microbiology",
"gene",
"identification",
... | 2014 | Forward Genetic Screening Identifies a Small Molecule That Blocks Toxoplasma gondii Growth by Inhibiting Both Host- and Parasite-Encoded Kinases |
We introduce a series of experimental procedures enabling sensitive calcium monitoring in T cell populations by confocal video-microscopy . Tracking and post-acquisition analysis was performed using Methods for Automated and Accurate Analysis of Cell Signals ( MAAACS ) , a fully customized program that associates a hig... | The adaptive immune response to pathogen invasion requires the stimulation of lymphocytes by antigen-presenting cells . We hypothesized that investigating the dynamics of the T lymphocyte activation by monitoring intracellular calcium fluctuations might help explain the high specificity and selectivity of this phenomen... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | Barcoding T Cell Calcium Response Diversity with Methods for Automated and Accurate Analysis of Cell Signals (MAAACS) |
There is an ultimate need for efficacious vaccines against human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) , which causes severe morbidity and mortality among neonates and immunocompromised individuals . In this study we explored synthetic long peptide ( SLP ) vaccination as a platform modality to protect against mouse CMV ( MCMV ) inf... | The majority of infections with the betaherpesvirus human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) are clinically unnoticed , but in immunocompromised hosts HCMV infections can be severe and even fatal . Here we investigated in preclinical mouse models the efficacy and mechanisms of synthetic long peptide ( SLP ) -based vaccines elici... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"immunology",
"cytomegalovirus",
"infection",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"developmental",
"biology",
"clinical",
"... | 2016 | The Breadth of Synthetic Long Peptide Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Cell Responses Determines the Efficacy against Mouse Cytomegalovirus Infection |
Pervasive natural selection can strongly influence observed patterns of genetic variation , but these effects remain poorly understood when multiple selected variants segregate in nearby regions of the genome . Classical population genetics fails to account for interference between linked mutations , which grows increa... | A central goal of evolutionary genetics is to understand how natural selection influences DNA sequence variability . Yet while empirical studies have uncovered significant evidence for selection in many natural populations , a rigorous characterization of these selection pressures has so far been difficult to achieve .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"ecological",
"metrics",
"mutation",
"population",
"size",
"genetic",
"polymorphism",
"ecology",
"effective",
"population",
"size",
"natural",
"selection",
"genetics",
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences",
"population",
"genetics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"evolutionary... | 2014 | Genetic Diversity in the Interference Selection Limit |
We analyzed the transcriptional signatures of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages at different times after infection with promastigotes of the protozoan parasite Leishmania major . Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that the macrophage metabolic pathways including carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms were among the mo... | Leishmania are obligated intracellular pathogens that develop almost exclusively in macrophages . Experimental leishmaniasis in mice is one of the most extensively studied models of intracellular infections both at the level of the parasite and host immune responses . We took advantage of Balb/c mice model to investiga... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"microarrays",
"genomics",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology",
"gene",
"expression",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"host-pathogen",
"interaction",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2012 | Transcriptomic Signature of Leishmania Infected Mice Macrophages: A Metabolic Point of View |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) , possesses at least three type VII secretion systems , ESX-1 , -3 and -5 that are actively involved in pathogenesis and host-pathogen interaction . We recently showed that an attenuated Mtb vaccine candidate ( Mtb Δppe25-pe19 ) , which lacks the characteristic ESX-5-associated pe/ppe... | Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) , the causative agent of human tuberculosis , is one of the most widely spread human pathogens , responsible for more than 9 . 6 million of new tuberculosis cases and 1 . 5 million deaths , annually . The resurgence of pulmonary tuberculosis in immuno-compromised patients , including ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"t",
"helper",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"immunology",
"cell-mediated",
"immunity",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"developmental",
"biology",
"vaccina... | 2016 | CD4+ T Cells Recognizing PE/PPE Antigens Directly or via Cross Reactivity Are Protective against Pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection |
The emergence and rapid global spread of the swine-origin H1N1/09 pandemic influenza A virus in humans underscores the importance of swine populations as reservoirs for genetically diverse influenza viruses with the potential to infect humans . However , despite their significance for animal and human health , relative... | Since 1998 , genetically and antigenically diverse influenza A viruses have circulated in North American swine due to continuous cross-species transmission and reassortment with avian and human influenza viruses , presenting a pandemic threat to humans . Millions of swine are transported year-round from the southern Un... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology"
] | 2011 | Spatial Dynamics of Human-Origin H1 Influenza A Virus in North American Swine |
Recent experiments showed that engineered Escherichia coli colonies grow and self-organize into periodic stripes with high and low cell densities in semi-solid agar . The stripes develop sequentially behind a radially propagating colony front , similar to the formation of many other periodic patterns in nature . These ... | One of the central problems in biology is to understand the underlying mechanisms responsible for spatial pattern formation in complex systems . This is a difficult task because the essential mechanisms for pattern formation often involve multiple space and time scales and are often buried in overwhelmingly complex phy... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"cell",
"physiology",
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"pathogens",
"signal",
"processing",
"microbiology",
"biological",
"locomotion",
"simulatio... | 2018 | The role of intracellular signaling in the stripe formation in engineered Escherichia coli populations |
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease often requiring a complexity of alterations to drive a normal cell to a malignancy and ultimately to a metastatic state . Certain genetic perturbations have been implicated for initiation and progression . However , to a great extent , underlying mechanisms often remain elusive . These... | Cancer is a complex disease with many subtypes that differ substantially with respect to their onset , progression , and response to treatment . Better understanding of the etiology and mechanism of cancer should help improve the diagnosis , prognosis , and treatment of cancer that will kill more than half a million Am... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computer",
"science",
"mathematics",
"computational",
"biology",
"homo",
"(human)",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2008 | Modeling Cancer Progression via Pathway Dependencies |
The firing rate of single neurons in the mammalian hippocampus has been demonstrated to encode for a range of spatial and non-spatial stimuli . It has also been demonstrated that phase of firing , with respect to the theta oscillation that dominates the hippocampal EEG during stereotype learning behaviour , correlates ... | Changes in the strength of synaptic connections between neurons are believed to mediate processes of learning and memory in the brain . A computational theory of this synaptic plasticity was first provided by Donald Hebb within the context of a more general neural coding mechanism , whereby phase sequences of activity ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"neuroscience/cognitive",
"neuroscience",
"neuroscience/theoretical",
"neuroscience",
"computational",
"biology/computational",
"neuroscience"
] | 2010 | Dual Coding with STDP in a Spiking Recurrent Neural Network Model of the Hippocampus |
Intrathecal antibody synthesis is a well-documented phenomenon in infectious neurological diseases as well as in demyelinating diseases , but little is known about the role of B cells in the central nervous systems . We examined B cell and T cell immunophenotypes in CSF of patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tro... | Regulation of the local immune response is crucial in protecting the central nervous system ( CNS ) from viral infection and immunopathologically mediated tissue damage . Intrathecal antibody synthesis is a well-documented phenomenon in infectious and demyelinating neurological diseases , but little is known about the ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"body",
"fluids",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"immune",
"physiology",
"multiple",
"sclerosis",
"nervous",
"system",
"neurodegenerative",
"diseases",
"pathogens",
"immunology"... | 2018 | Immunophenotypic characterization of CSF B cells in virus-associated neuroinflammatory diseases |
Meiosis is a complex type of cell division that involves homologous chromosome pairing , synapsis , recombination , and segregation . When any of these processes is altered , cellular checkpoints arrest meiosis progression and induce cell elimination . Meiotic impairment is particularly frequent in organisms bearing ch... | Cells have different mechanisms to assess the proper occurrence of cellular events . These mechanisms are called checkpoints and are involved in the surveillance of processes such as DNA replication and cell division . A checkpoint at the pachytene stage arrests meiosis when defects in the process of homologous chromos... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"developmental",
"biology/germ",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology/cell",
"growth",
"and",
"division",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/chromosome",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"biology/nuclear",
"structure",
"and",
"function"
] | 2009 | A High Incidence of Meiotic Silencing of Unsynapsed Chromatin Is Not Associated with Substantial Pachytene Loss in Heterozygous Male Mice Carrying Multiple Simple Robertsonian Translocations |
When early canonical Wnt is experimentally inhibited , sea urchin embryos embody the concept of a Default Model in vivo because most of the ectodermal cell fates are specified as anterior neuroectoderm . Using this model , we describe here how the combination of orthogonally functioning anteroposterior Wnt and dorsoven... | The sea urchin embryo is similar to vertebrate embryos in that the default cell fate is potentially neurogenic , and normal development restricts the neural fate to the narrow area that locates at the anterior/dorsal region of the embryo . Because maintaining the default neural fate to the anterior/dorsal region is req... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"neuronal",
"differentiation",
"neuroscience",
"animals",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"blastulas",
"animal",
"models",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"embryos",
"echinoderms",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"ectoderm",
"embryolo... | 2016 | Cooperative Wnt-Nodal Signals Regulate the Patterning of Anterior Neuroectoderm |
The conundrum of cooperation has received increasing attention during the last decade . In this quest , the role of altruistic punishment has been identified as a mechanism promoting cooperation . Here we investigate the role of altruistic punishment on the emergence and maintenance of cooperation in structured populat... | Altruistic punishment — when a cooperative individual pays a cost to punish her defective partner — has been described as one of the mechanisms that help to explain cooperation's ubiquity in nature . Here , we investigate a model population where individuals interact with each other along the links of a network . The n... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results/Discussion"
] | [
"computer",
"science",
"stochastic",
"processes",
"computer",
"modeling",
"mathematics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"population",
"modeling",
"evolutionary",
"modeling",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"evolutionary",
"processes",
"probability",
"theory"
] | 2013 | Reward from Punishment Does Not Emerge at All Costs |
Fascioliasis has been sporadically associated with chronic liver disease on previous studies . In order to describe the current evidence , we carried out a systematic review to assess the association between fascioliasis with liver fibrosis , cirrhosis and cancer . A systematic search of electronic databases ( PubMed ,... | Fascioliasis is a neglected infectious disease caused by the trematode Fasciola . This parasite ( liver fluke ) is endemic in many parts of the world including countries from Asia , Africa , Europe and the Americas . High prevalence rates of fascioliasis has been repeatedly reported in the Andean region of South Americ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"helminths",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"fibrosis",
"fascioliasis",
"database",
"searching",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"liver",
"diseases",
"trematodes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"gastroenterology",
"and",
... | 2016 | Association of Fasciola hepatica Infection with Liver Fibrosis, Cirrhosis, and Cancer: A Systematic Review |
No vaccine is currently available for dengue virus ( DENV ) , therefore control programmes usually focus on managing mosquito vector populations . Entomological surveys provide the most common means of characterising vector populations and predicting the risk of local dengue virus transmission . Despite Indonesia being... | Geographically and economically , Indonesia is one of the most prominent countries in SE Asia , yet many of its endemic infectious diseases are poorly managed , controlled and understood . This includes dengue virus ( DENV ) , which can result in serious human disease and is transmitted by mosquitoes . Dengue risk asse... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"insect",
"metamorphosis",
"geographical",
"locations",
"animals",
"indonesia",
"java",
"age",
"groups",
"developmental",
"biology",
"adults",
"pupae",
"infectious",
"disease",
"control",
"insect",
"vectors",
"zo... | 2016 | Dengue in Java, Indonesia: Relevance of Mosquito Indices as Risk Predictors |
Fusarium fujikuroi causes bakanae ( “foolish seedling” ) disease of rice which is characterized by hyper-elongation of seedlings resulting from production of gibberellic acids ( GAs ) by the fungus . This plant pathogen is also known for production of harmful mycotoxins , such as fusarins , fusaric acid , apicidin F an... | Fusarium fujikuroi causes bakanae disease of rice . Infected seedlings appear to be taller and more slender when compared to healthy seedlings due to its ability to produce gibberellic acids ( GAs ) . The disease is responsible for high yield losses , and its incidence varies with regions , rice cultivars grown and the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Material",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fusarium",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"hormones",
"plant",
"science",
"rice",
"plant",
"hormones",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"seedlings",
"molecular",
"biology",
"tech... | 2017 | Comparative genomics of geographically distant Fusarium fujikuroi isolates revealed two distinct pathotypes correlating with secondary metabolite profiles |
During the first meiotic prophase , programmed DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) are distributed non randomly at hotspots along chromosomes , to initiate recombination . In all organisms , more DSBs are formed than crossovers ( CO ) , the repair product that creates a physical link between homologs and allows their cor... | For sexual reproduction , meiosis is an essential step ensuring the formation of haploid gametes from diploid precursors of the germline . This reduction in the genome's content is achieved through a specialized type of division , where a single round of DNA replication is followed by two successive rounds of chromosom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology"
] | 2013 | Differential Association of the Conserved SUMO Ligase Zip3 with Meiotic Double-Strand Break Sites Reveals Regional Variations in the Outcome of Meiotic Recombination |
Schistosomiasis is endemic to many regions of the world and affects approximately 200 million people . Conventional adaptive T cell responses are considered to be the primary contributors to the pathogenesis of Schistosoma japonicum infection , leading to liver granuloma and fibrosis . However , the functional polariza... | Schistosomiasis is a global health concern that affects primarily tropical and subtropical areas . During a schistosome infection , the eggs are trapped in the host liver and products derived from eggs induce a polarized Th2 response , resulting in granuloma formation and eventually fibrosis . Thus , it is important to... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"innate",
"immune",
"system",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"immune",
"physiology",
"cytokines",
"granulomas",
"immunology",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"liver",
"diseases",
"animal",
"models",
"immu... | 2018 | Toll-like receptor-2 regulates macrophage polarization induced by excretory-secretory antigens from Schistosoma japonicum eggs and promotes liver pathology in murine schistosomiasis |
Malaria parasites have been shown to adjust their life history traits to changing environmental conditions . Parasite relapses and recrudescences—marked increases in blood parasite numbers following a period when the parasite was either absent or present at very low levels in the blood , respectively—are expected to be... | Seasonal fluctuations in the environment affect dramatically the abundance of insect species . These fluctuations have important consequences for the transmission of vector-borne diseases . Here we contend that malaria parasites may have evolved plastic transmission strategies as an adaptation to the fluctuations in mo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"ecology",
"ecology",
"and",
"environmental",
"sciences",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"population",
"dynamics",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"plant",
"science",
"plant",
"pathology",
"theore... | 2014 | Evolution of Plastic Transmission Strategies in Avian Malaria |
Mutations in peroxin ( PEX ) genes lead to loss of peroxisomes , resulting in the formation of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders ( PBDs ) and early lethality . Studying PBDs and their animal models has greatly contributed to our current knowledge about peroxisomal functions . Very-long-chain fatty acid ( VLCFA ) accumul... | Peroxisomes are organelles that contain several enzymes and fatty acids required for many metabolic tasks in the cell , and upon peroxisome loss , their educts accumulate . One example is the accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids ( VLCFAs ) with a chain length of more than 20 carbons . These fatty acids cannot be... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"lipolysis",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"plant",
"products",
"diet",
"developmental",
"biology",
"nutrition",
"mitochondria",
"bioenergetics",
"peroxisomes",
"cellular",
"structures",
"and",
"organelles",
"lipids",
"crop",
"science",
"life",
"cycles",
"che... | 2018 | Dietary rescue of lipotoxicity-induced mitochondrial damage in Peroxin19 mutants |
Understanding how hepatitis C virus ( HCV ) induces and circumvents the host's natural killer ( NK ) cell-mediated immunity is of critical importance in efforts to design effective therapeutics . We report here the decreased expression of the NKG2D activating receptor as a novel strategy adopted by HCV to evade NK-cell... | Natural killer ( NK ) cells are part of the innate immune response against virus infection . Their activation is the net result of signals emanating from a panel of inhibitory and activating receptors , among which the NKG2D activating receptor plays a major role . NKG2D ligands , the MHC class I related Chain ( MIC ) ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunology/immune",
"response",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"immunology/immunity",
"to",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Evades NKG2D-Dependent NK Cell Responses through NS5A-Mediated Imbalance of Inflammatory Cytokines |
When visual contrast changes , retinal ganglion cells adapt by adjusting their sensitivity as well as their temporal filtering characteristics . The latter has classically been described by contrast-induced gain changes that depend on temporal frequency . Here , we explored a new perspective on contrast-induced changes... | Our sensory systems have to process stimuli under a wide range of environmental conditions . To cope with this challenge , the involved neurons adapt by adjusting their signal processing to the recently encountered intensity range . In the visual system , one finds , for example , that higher visual contrast leads to c... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Spike-Triggered Covariance Analysis Reveals Phenomenological Diversity of Contrast Adaptation in the Retina |
Leishmania ( L . ) killicki ( syn . L . tropica ) , which causes cutaneous leishmaniasis in Maghreb , was recently described in this region and identified as a subpopulation of L . tropica . The present genetic analysis was conducted to explore the spatio-temporal distribution of L . killicki ( syn . L . tropica ) and ... | Leishmania killicki ( syn . L . tropica ) was discovered in 1986 . Few studies have been conducted on this parasite exclusively described in Maghreb . Consequently , many elements on its epidemiology , transmission , population structure and dynamics remain unknown . To better understand the evolution of this parasite ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Comparison of Leishmania killicki (syn. L. tropica) and Leishmania tropica Population Structure in Maghreb by Microsatellite Typing |
Changes in climate and environmental conditions could be the driving factors for the transmission of hantavirus . Thus , a thorough collection and analysis of data related to the epidemic status of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( HFRS ) and the association between HFRS incidence and meteorological factors , suc... | China has the largest number of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome ( HFRS ) cases in the world . With the acceleration of China’s urbanization process , especially in the process of rapid transition of China’s agriculture-related landscapes to urban landscapes , the dual role of climate change and environmental chan... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"spring",
"statistics",
"china",
"atmospheric",
"science",
"geographical",
"locations",
"seasons",
"hemorrhagic",
"fever",
"with",
"renal",
"syndrome",
"mathematics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"climate",
"change",... | 2019 | Distribution of geographical scale, data aggregation unit and period in the correlation analysis between temperature and incidence of HFRS in mainland China: A systematic review of 27 ecological studies |
Nod-like receptors ( NLRs ) comprise a large family of intracellular pattern- recognition receptors . Members of the NLR family assemble into large multiprotein complexes , termed the inflammasomes . The NLR family , pyrin domain-containing 3 ( NLRP3 ) is triggered by a diverse set of molecules and signals , and forms ... | The innate immune system , the first line of defense against invading pathogens , plays a key role not only in limiting microbe replications at early stages of infection , but also in initiating and orchestrating antigen-specific adaptive immune responses . The innate immune responses against viruses usually rely on re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"immunity",
"innate",
"immunity",
"immunology",
"biology"
] | 2012 | Encephalomyocarditis Virus Viroporin 2B Activates NLRP3 Inflammasome |
Computational methods for predicting evolutionarily conserved rather than thermodynamic RNA structures have recently attracted increased interest . These methods are indispensable not only for elucidating the regulatory roles of known RNA transcripts , but also for predicting RNA genes . It has been notoriously difficu... | Not only is the prediction of evolutionarily conserved RNA structures important for elucidating the potential functions of RNA sequences and the mechanisms by which these functions are exerted , but it also lies at the core of RNA gene prediction . To get an accurate prediction of the conserved RNA structure , we need ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics",
"vertebrates",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2007 | SimulFold: Simultaneously Inferring RNA Structures Including Pseudoknots, Alignments, and Trees Using a Bayesian MCMC Framework |
Biophysical models of cardiac tension development provide a succinct representation of our understanding of force generation in the heart . The link between protein kinetics and interactions that gives rise to high cooperativity is not yet fully explained from experiments or previous biophysical models . We propose a b... | Force generation in cardiac muscle cells is driven by changes in calcium concentration . Relatively small changes in the calcium concentration over the course of a heart beat lead to the large changes in force required to fully contract and relax the heart . This is known as ‘cooperative activation’ , and involves a co... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Models",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | A Spatially Detailed Model of Isometric Contraction Based on Competitive Binding of Troponin I Explains Cooperative Interactions between Tropomyosin and Crossbridges |
The genus Henipavirus in the family Paramyxoviridae contains two viruses , Hendra virus ( HeV ) and Nipah virus ( NiV ) for which pteropid bats act as the main natural reservoir . Each virus also causes serious and commonly lethal infection of people as well as various species of domestic animals , however little is kn... | Hendra and Nipah viruses are 2 highly pathogenic paramyxoviruses that have emerged from bats within the last two decades . Both are capable of causing fatal disease in both humans and many mammal species . Serological and molecular evidence for henipa-like viruses have been reported from numerous locations including As... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"veterinary",
"diseases",
"emerging",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"virology",
"emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"veterinary",
"virology",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"veterinary",
"science"
] | 2012 | Cedar Virus: A Novel Henipavirus Isolated from Australian Bats |
Zygotic gene expression programs control cell differentiation in vertebrate development . In Xenopus , these programs are initiated by local induction of regulatory genes through maternal signaling activities in the wake of zygotic genome activation ( ZGA ) at the midblastula transition ( MBT ) . These programs lay dow... | Brahma-related-gene-1 ( Brg1 ) is a catalytic subunit of mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes . Loss of maternal Brg1 protein arrests development in mice at the 2-cell stage , while null homozygotes die at the blastocyst stage . These early requirements have precluded any analysis of Brg1’s embryonic functi... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Conclusion",
"Methods"
] | [
"morpholino",
"rna",
"interference",
"gene",
"regulation",
"messenger",
"rna",
"vertebrates",
"nucleotides",
"animals",
"xenopus",
"blastulas",
"animal",
"models",
"dna",
"transcription",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"amphibians",
"experimental",
"org... | 2017 | Brg1 chromatin remodeling ATPase balances germ layer patterning by amplifying the transcriptional burst at midblastula transition |
The mechanisms of evolution of plant viruses are being unraveled , yet the timescale of their evolution remains an enigma . To address this critical issue , the divergence time of plant viruses at the intra- and inter-specific levels was assessed . The time of the most recent common ancestor ( TMRCA ) of Rice yellow mo... | The timescale of the evolution of plant viruses is an enigma , and even its order of magnitude is unknown . This critical issue is addressed here by calculating the age of plant viruses . An accurate estimate of the age of Rice yellow mottle virus ( RYMV ) was obtained by statistical analysis of a set of dated sequence... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"virology/emerging",
"viral",
"diseases",
"virology/virus",
"evolution",
"and",
"symbiosis",
"evolutionary",
"biology/evolutionary",
"ecology"
] | 2008 | Diversification of Rice Yellow Mottle Virus and Related Viruses Spans the History of Agriculture from the Neolithic to the Present |
The olfactory ( OR ) and vomeronasal receptor ( VR ) repertoires are collectively encoded by 1700 genes and pseudogenes in the mouse genome . Most OR and VR genes were identified by comparative genomic techniques and therefore , in many of those cases , only their protein coding sequences are defined . Some also lack e... | The sense of smell in mice involves the detection of odors and pheromones by many hundreds of olfactory and vomeronasal receptors . The genes that encode these receptors account for around 5% of the whole gene catalog , but they are poorly understood because they are very similar to each other , and are thought to be t... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"genome",
"expression",
"analysis",
"neuroscience",
"animal",
"models",
"model",
"organisms",
"genome",
"analysis",
"bioassays",
"and",
"physiological",
"analysis",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"research",
"and",
"analysis",
"methods",
"gene",
"expression",
"mouse",
"models... | 2014 | The Olfactory Transcriptomes of Mice |
Host restriction factors constitute a formidable barrier for viral replication to which many viruses have evolved counter-measures . Human SAMD9 , a tumor suppressor and a restriction factor for poxviruses in cell lines , is antagonized by two classes of poxvirus proteins , represented by vaccinia virus ( VACV ) K1 and... | Zoonotic viral infections represent a major threat to public health . For many viruses , host species-specific difference in viral entry receptors presents a major hurdle for cross-species transmission . Poxviruses , however , can enter nearly any animal cell . Why many poxviruses show strict host species specificity a... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"poxviruses",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"hela",
"cells",
"pathogens",
"biological",
"cultures",
"microbiology",
"viruses",
"immunoprecipitation",
"dna",
"viruses",
"cell",
"cultures",
"research",
"and",
"analy... | 2018 | A paralogous pair of mammalian host restriction factors form a critical host barrier against poxvirus infection |
Wolbachia are maternally transmitted intracellular bacterial symbionts that infect approximately 40% of all insect species . Though several strains of Wolbachia naturally infect Drosophila melanogaster and provide resistance against viral pathogens , or provision metabolites during periods of nutritional stress , one v... | Wolbachia are obligate intracellular , symbiotic bacteria that infect approximately 40% of insect species , as well as filarial nematodes , arachnids and terrestrial isopods . While the vast majority of Wolbachia strains impose few fitness costs to their host , one strain wMelPop is unique as it lacks the ability to re... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"microbiology",
"invertebrate",
"genomics",
"animals",
"wolbachia",
"animal",
"models",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"developmental",
"biology",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",... | 2016 | Intensity of Mutualism Breakdown Is Determined by Temperature Not Amplification of Wolbachia Genes |
Proline–tyrosine nuclear localization signals ( PY-NLSs ) are recognized and transported into the nucleus by human Karyopherin ( Kap ) β2/Transportin and yeast Kap104p . Multipartite PY-NLSs are highly diverse in sequence and structure , share a common C-terminal R/H/KX2–5PY motif , and can be subdivided into hydrophob... | To travel between the cytoplasm and nucleus , proteins rely on a family of transport proteins known as the karyopherinβ family . Karyopherinβ2 , the human version of a family member , recognizes cargo proteins containing a class of nuclear localization signal known as the PY-NLS . The yeast homolog of Karyopherinβ2 , K... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"biophysics",
"biochemistry"
] | 2008 | Modular Organization and Combinatorial Energetics of Proline–Tyrosine Nuclear Localization Signals |
One of the most intriguing questions in evolution is how organisms exhibit suitable phenotypic variation to rapidly adapt in novel selective environments . Such variability is crucial for evolvability , but poorly understood . In particular , how can natural selection favour developmental organisations that facilitate ... | A striking feature of evolving organisms is their ability to acquire novel characteristics that help them adapt in new environments . The origin and the conditions of such ability remain elusive and is a long-standing question in evolutionary biology . Recent theory suggests that organisms can evolve designs that help ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"and",
"discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"learning",
"organismal",
"evolution",
"acoustics",
"social",
"sciences",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"developmental",
"biology",
"cognitive",
"psychology",
"sound",
"pressure",
"evolutionary",
"adaptation",
"evolutionary",
"genetics",
"physics",
"psycholog... | 2017 | How evolution learns to generalise: Using the principles of learning theory to understand the evolution of developmental organisation |
Pathogenic bacterial infections of the lung are life threatening and underpin chronic lung diseases . Current treatments are often ineffective potentially due to increasing antibiotic resistance and impairment of innate immunity by disease processes and steroid therapy . Manipulation miRNA directly regulating anti-micr... | MicroRNAs regulate pathogen recognition pathways by modulating translation . In the immune system , miRNAs have been identified as important regulators of gene expression programs , which regulate differentiation , growth and function of innate and adaptive immune cells . Using miRNA microarray , we demonstrated that l... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Antagonism of miR-328 Increases the Antimicrobial Function of Macrophages and Neutrophils and Rapid Clearance of Non-typeable Haemophilus Influenzae (NTHi) from Infected Lung |
Seminal fluid proteins transferred from males to females during copulation are required for full fertility and can exert dramatic effects on female physiology and behavior . In Drosophila melanogaster , the seminal protein sex peptide ( SP ) affects mated females by increasing egg production and decreasing receptivity ... | Reproduction requires more than a sperm and an egg . In animals with internal fertilization , other proteins in the seminal fluid and the female are essential for full fertility . Although hundreds of such reproductive proteins are known , our ability to understand how they interact remains limited . In this study , we... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"animal",
"models",
"drosophila",
"melanogaster",
"model",
"organisms",
"genetics",
"comparative",
"genomics",
"biology",
"genomics",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genomic",
"evolution"
] | 2014 | Evolutionary Rate Covariation Identifies New Members of a Protein Network Required for Drosophila melanogaster Female Post-Mating Responses |
Parasitic zoonoses ( PZs ) pose a significant but often neglected threat to public health , especially in developing countries . In order to obtain a better understanding of their health impact , summary measures of population health may be calculated , such as the Disability-Adjusted Life Year ( DALY ) . However , the... | Various parasites that infect humans require animals in some stage of their life cycle . Infection with these so-called zoonotic parasites may vary from asymptomatic carriership to long-term morbidity and even death . Although data are still scarce , it is clear that parasitic zoonoses ( PZs ) present a significant bur... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2014 | The Burden of Parasitic Zoonoses in Nepal: A Systematic Review |
Leishmaniases are neglected parasitic diseases in spite of the major burden they inflict on public health . The identification of novel drugs and targets constitutes a research priority . For that purpose we used Leishmania infantum initiation factor 4A ( LieIF ) , an essential translation initiation factor that belong... | Leishmaniases constitute a group of neglected parasitic diseases that inflict major burden on public health . Novel drugs and targets need to be identified since current therapies have adverse side effects . Herein , we focused on Leishmania infantum translation initiation factor 4A ( LieIF ) , as a potential drug targ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"cells",
"enzymes",
"immunology",
"enzymology",
"microbiology",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"protozoan",
"life",
"cycles",
"parasitic",
"protozoans",
"phosphatases",
"developmental",
"biology",
"protozoans"... | 2018 | Identification of novel leishmanicidal molecules by virtual and biochemical screenings targeting Leishmania eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A |
Biofilms are communities of bacteria that grow encased in an extracellular matrix that often contains proteins . The spatial organization and the molecular interactions between matrix scaffold proteins remain in most cases largely unknown . Here , we report that Bap protein of Staphylococcus aureus self-assembles into ... | Major components of the biofilm matrix scaffold are proteins that assemble to create a unified structure that maintain bacteria attached to each other and to surfaces . We provide evidence that a surface protein present in several staphylococcal species forms functional amyloid aggregates to build the biofilm matrix in... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"biofilms",
"cell",
"walls",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fluorescence",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"enzymes",
"pathogens",
"microbiology",
"enzymology",
"staphylococcus",
"aureus",
"electromagnetic",
"radiation",
"cellular",
... | 2016 | Staphylococcal Bap Proteins Build Amyloid Scaffold Biofilm Matrices in Response to Environmental Signals |
Guiding axon growth cones towards their targets is a fundamental process that occurs in a developing nervous system . Several major signaling systems are involved in axon-guidance , and disruption of these systems causes axon-guidance defects . However , the specific role of the environment in which axons navigate in r... | During nervous system development , once formed from neuroblasts , neurons grow axons in the direction of their synaptic partners . Genetic forces guide these axon growth cones towards the target . This is known as axon guidance or pathfinding . There are a number of proteins that regulate axon-pathfinding . The well-k... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | The Midline Protein Regulates Axon Guidance by Blocking the Reiteration of Neuroblast Rows within the Drosophila Ventral Nerve Cord |
Multipotent neural crest ( NC ) progenitors generate an astonishing array of derivatives , including neuronal , skeletal components and pigment cells ( chromatophores ) , but the molecular mechanisms allowing balanced selection of each fate remain unknown . In zebrafish , melanocytes , iridophores and xanthophores , th... | Multipotent neural crest ( NC ) progenitors generate an astonishing array of derivatives , including neuronal , skeletal components and pigment cells , but the molecular mechanisms allowing balanced selection of each fate remain unknown . In zebrafish , melanocytes , iridophores and xanthophores , the three chromatopho... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"fish",
"vertebrates",
"pigments",
"animals",
"cell",
"differentiation",
"epithelial",
"cells",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"developmental",
"biology",
"model",
"organisms",
"stem",
"cells... | 2018 | A systems biology approach uncovers the core gene regulatory network governing iridophore fate choice from the neural crest |
One key problem in precision genome editing is the unpredictable plurality of sequence outcomes at the site of targeted DNA double stranded breaks ( DSBs ) . This is due to the typical activation of the versatile Non-homologous End Joining ( NHEJ ) pathway . Such unpredictability limits the utility of somatic gene edit... | New gene editing tools precisely break DNA at pre-defined genomic locations , but cells repair these lesions using diverse pathways that often lead to unpredictable outcomes in the resulting DNA sequences . This sequence diversity in gene editing outcomes represents an important obstacle to the application of this tech... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"biotechnology",
"genome",
"engineering",
"fish",
"engineering",
"and",
"technology",
"nucleases",
"enzymes",
"synthetic",
"biology",
"dna-binding",
"proteins",
"vertebrates",
"cloning",
"enzymology",
"microhomology-mediated",
"end",
"joining",
"animals",
"synthetic",
"bioe... | 2018 | Robust activation of microhomology-mediated end joining for precision gene editing applications |
Brain metastasis ( BM ) is a major complication of lung adenocarcinoma ( LAD ) . An investigation of the pathogenic mechanisms of BM , as well as the identification of appropriate molecular markers , is necessary . The aim of this study was to determine the expression patterns of microRNAs ( miRNAs ) in LAD with BM , a... | Brain metastasis ( BM ) is a major complication of lung carcinoma . Here , we aimed to identify the key miRNAs involved in BM lung cancer . We first profiled miRNA expression in 32 tissues from NSCLC patients with BM and 55 tissues from NSCLC patients without BM . We independently validated our results in 68 additional... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"transfection",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"luciferase",
"diagnostic",
"radiology",
"natural",
"antisense",
"transcripts",
"gene",
"regulation",
"enzymes",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"enzymology",
"basic",
"cancer",
"research",
"in",
"vivo",
"imaging",... | 2019 | Molecular predictors of brain metastasis-related microRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma |
Tissue-specific gene expression plays a fundamental role in metazoan biology and is an important aspect of many complex diseases . Nevertheless , an organism-wide map of tissue-specific expression remains elusive due to difficulty in obtaining these data experimentally . Here , we leveraged existing whole-animal Caenor... | In animals , a crucial facet of any gene's function is the tissue or cell type in which that gene is expressed and the proteins that it interacts with in that cell . However , genome-wide identification of expression across the multitude of tissues of varying size and complexity is difficult to achieve experimentally .... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"computational",
"biology/sequence",
"motif",
"analysis",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/functional",
"genomics",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/gene",
"expression",
"computational",
"biology/transcriptional",
"regulation",
"developmental",
"biology/aging"
] | 2009 | Global Prediction of Tissue-Specific Gene Expression and Context-Dependent Gene Networks in Caenorhabditis elegans |
Dengue disease is currently a major health problem in Indonesia and affects all provinces in the country , including Semarang Municipality , Central Java province . While dengue is endemic in this region , only limited data on the disease epidemiology is available . To understand the dynamics of dengue in Semarang , we... | We studied dengue disease in Semarang municipality , Central Java , one of the endemic regions in Indonesia . The disease occurred in wide geographical regions which include urban , rural , coastal , and highland areas . All four dengue virus serotypes were found . The infecting serotypes were not associated with disea... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"epidemiology",
"epidemiology",
"dengue",
"fever",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"dengue",
"biology",
"viral",
"diseases",
"evolutionary",
"biology",
"genomic",
"evolution"
] | 2013 | Molecular Surveillance of Dengue in Semarang, Indonesia Revealed the Circulation of an Old Genotype of Dengue Virus Serotype-1 |
We consider the problem of genetic association testing of a binary trait in a sample that contains related individuals , where we adjust for relevant covariates and allow for missing data . We propose CERAMIC , an estimating equation approach that can be viewed as a hybrid of logistic regression and linear mixed-effect... | Case-control association testing has proven to be useful for identification of genetic variants that affect susceptibility to disease . One can expect to gain power for detecting such variants by including relevant covariates in the analysis , by accounting for any relatedness of sampled individuals , and by making use... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"variant",
"genotypes",
"genetic",
"mapping",
"simulation",
"and",
"modeling",
"diabetes",
"mellitus",
"endocrine",
"disorders",
"mathematics",
"statistics",
"(m... | 2016 | CERAMIC: Case-Control Association Testing in Samples with Related Individuals, Based on Retrospective Mixed Model Analysis with Adjustment for Covariates |
In line with the key role of methionine in protein biosynthesis initiation and many cellular processes most microorganisms have evolved mechanisms to synthesize methionine de novo . Here we demonstrate that , in the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus , a rare combination of stringent response-controlled CodY acti... | Prokaryote metabolism is key for our understanding of bacterial virulence and pathogenesis and it is also an area with huge opportunity to identify novel targets for antibiotic drugs . Here , we have addressed the so far poorly characterized regulation of methionine biosynthesis in S . aureus . We demonstrate that meth... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"bacteriology",
"bacterial",
"physiology",
"microbial",
"metabolism",
"gene",
"expression",
"gene",
"regulation",
"genetics",
"molecular",
"genetics",
"staphylococci",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"bacterial",
"pathogens",
"gram",
"positive"
] | 2013 | Methionine Biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus Is Tightly Controlled by a Hierarchical Network Involving an Initiator tRNA-Specific T-box Riboswitch |
A growing number of solved protein structures display an elongated structural domain , denoted here as alpha-rod , composed of stacked pairs of anti-parallel alpha-helices . Alpha-rods are flexible and expose a large surface , which makes them suitable for protein interaction . Although most likely originating by tande... | Many proteins have an elongated structural domain formed by a stack of alpha helices ( alpha-rod ) , often found to interact with other proteins . The identification of an alpha-rod in a protein can therefore tell something about both the function and the structure of that protein . Though alpha-rods can be readily ide... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"molecular",
"biology/bioinformatics",
"computational",
"biology/protein",
"structure",
"prediction",
"computational",
"biology/macromolecular",
"sequence",
"analysis",
"biochemistry/macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"and",
"machines"
] | 2009 | Detection of Alpha-Rod Protein Repeats Using a Neural Network and
Application to Huntingtin |
RNase H enzymes promote genetic stability by degrading aberrant RNA∶DNA hybrids and by removing ribonucleotide monophosphates ( rNMPs ) that are present in duplex DNA . Here , we report that loss of RNase H2 in yeast is associated with mutations that extend identity between the arms of imperfect inverted repeats ( quas... | Mutation rates are correlated with the level of gene expression in budding yeast , demonstrating a link between transcription and stability of the underlying DNA template . In the current work , we describe a novel type of transcription-associated mutation that converts imperfect inverted repeats ( quasi-palindromes or... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2013 | RNA∶DNA Hybrids Initiate Quasi-Palindrome-Associated Mutations in Highly Transcribed Yeast DNA |
Toll-like receptors ( TLRs ) are important regulators of the innate immune response to pathogens , including Mycobacterium leprae , which is recognized by TLR1/2 heterodimers . We previously identified a transmembrane domain polymorphism , TLR1_T1805G , that encodes an isoleucine to serine substitution and is associate... | Mycobacterium leprae ( ML ) causes a disabling and stigmatizing disease that is characterized by distinct immune responses . ML produces a spectrum of illness in humans , and several lines of evidence indicate that host genetic factors influence susceptibility and clinical manifestations . Leprosy can occur as the lepr... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"immunology/innate",
"immunity",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"the",
"immune",
"system"
] | 2008 | Human TLR1 Deficiency Is Associated with Impaired Mycobacterial Signaling and Protection from Leprosy Reversal Reaction |
Muscle contractions are generated by cyclical interactions of myosin heads with actin filaments to form the actomyosin complex . To simulate actomyosin complex stable states , mathematical models usually define an energy landscape with a corresponding number of wells . The jumps between these wells are defined through ... | Mathematical models are of fundamental importance in the quantitative verification of biological hypotheses . Muscle contraction models assume the existence of several stable states for the myosin head , whereas the transition rates between states are defined to fit experimental data . The ratio of the forward and back... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"cell",
"motility",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"actin",
"filaments",
"myofibrils",
"classical",
"mechanics",
"muscle",
"tissue",
"cardiovascular",
"anatomy",
"mathematical",
"models",
"muscle",
"contraction",
"mechanical",
"energy",
"molecular",
"motors",
... | 2016 | Including Thermal Fluctuations in Actomyosin Stable States Increases the Predicted Force per Motor and Macroscopic Efficiency in Muscle Modelling |
Epilepsy is a common disabling disease with complex , multifactorial genetic and environmental etiology . The small fraction of epilepsies subject to Mendelian inheritance offers key insight into epilepsy disease mechanisms; and pathologies brought on by mutations in a single gene can point the way to generalizable the... | Epilepsy is a common disabling disorder characterized by seizures with complex genetic and environmental components . The absence of a definitive pathophysiology for epilepsy stymies the development of effective treatment strategies . In a small fraction of epilepsy cases however , single gene mutations may illuminate ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Seizures Are Regulated by Ubiquitin-specific Peptidase 9 X-linked (USP9X), a De-Ubiquitinase |
The capacity of organisms to tune their development in response to environmental cues is pervasive in nature . This phenotypic plasticity is particularly striking in plants , enabled by their modular and continuous development . A good example is the activation of lateral shoot branches in Arabidopsis , which develop f... | Many organisms adjust their development depending on environmental conditions . This is particularly striking in plants , with development constantly tuned throughout their lives . A good example is the modulation of shoot branching in response to external environmental cues . We characterised hundreds of genetically d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"chemical",
"compounds",
"quantitative",
"trait",
"loci",
"population",
"genetics",
"brassica",
"nitrates",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"genome",
"analysis",
"population",
"biology",
"plants",
"flow... | 2019 | Natural variation in Arabidopsis shoot branching plasticity in response to nitrate supply affects fitness |
Hypoxic microenvironments are generated during fungal infection . It has been described that to survive in the human host , fungi must also tolerate and overcome in vivo microenvironmental stress conditions including low oxygen tension; however nothing is known how Paracoccidioides species respond to hypoxia . The genu... | The genus Paracoccidioides is composed of species that are causative agents of paracoccidioidomycosis ( PCM ) , a neglected human granulomatous mycosis , endemic in Latin America . To survive in the human host , fungi must tolerate and overcome in vivo micro environmental stress conditions , including low oxygen levels... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2015 | Characterization of the Paracoccidioides Hypoxia Response Reveals New Insights into Pathogenesis Mechanisms of This Important Human Pathogenic Fungus |
Multistability and scale-invariant fluctuations occur in a wide variety of biological organisms from bacteria to humans as well as financial , chemical and complex physical systems . Multistability refers to noise driven switches between multiple weakly stable states . Scale-invariant fluctuations arise when there is a... | Biological systems are able to adapt to rapidly and widely changing environments . Many biological organisms employ two distinct mechanisms that improve their survival in these circumstances: Firstly they exhibit rapid , qualitative changes in their internal dynamics; secondly they possess the ability to respond to cha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"complex",
"systems",
"mathematics",
"biophysic",
"al",
"simulations",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology"
] | 2012 | A Canonical Model of Multistability and Scale-Invariance in Biological Systems |
Germline mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli ( APC ) gene are responsible for familial adenomatous polyposis ( FAP ) , an autosomal dominant hereditary predisposition to the development of multiple colorectal adenomas and of a broad spectrum of extra-intestinal tumors . Moreover , somatic APC mutations play a r... | Although signal transduction pathways are often described as “on–off” systems , the more quantitative aspects of signalling are likely to represent a very important means of regulation of the downstream biological outcomes . Mutations in members of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway represent among the most common def... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"oncology/breast",
"cancer",
"developmental",
"biology/stem",
"cells",
"cell",
"biology",
"molecular",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/cancer",
"genetics",
"pathology/molecular",
"pathology"
] | 2009 | A Targeted Constitutive Mutation in the Apc Tumor Suppressor Gene Underlies Mammary But Not Intestinal Tumorigenesis |
Variations on the statement “the variant surface glycoprotein ( VSG ) coat that covers the external face of the mammalian bloodstream form of Trypanosoma brucei acts a physical barrier” appear regularly in research articles and reviews . The concept of the impenetrable VSG coat is an attractive one , as it provides a c... | African trypanosomes have evolved two key strategies to prevent killing by the host immune response and , thus , maintain a long-term infection in a mammal . Both are based on a densely packed coat of a single protein , the variant surface glycoprotein ( VSG ) , which covers the entire extracellular surface of the cell... | [
"Abstract",
"The",
"VSG",
"Coat",
"The",
"Roles",
"of",
"VSG",
"N-linked",
"Oligosaccharides",
"Non-VSG",
"Proteins",
"Present",
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"Interactions",
"with",
"the",
"Adaptive",
"and",
"Innate",
"Immune",
"System",
"Investigation",
"of",
"H... | [] | 2015 | How Does the VSG Coat of Bloodstream Form African Trypanosomes Interact with External Proteins? |
The Kato-Katz is the most common diagnostic method for Schistosoma mansoni infection . However , the day-to-day variability in host egg-excretion and its low detection sensitivity are major limits for its use in low transmission zones and after widespread chemotherapy . We evaluated the accuracy of circulating cathodic... | Recent momentum for the control of neglected tropical diseases has generated a renewed interest in the control of schistosomiasis , resulting in the increase of large scale mass drug administration of praziquantel in several countries . As a consequence , there is a need to develop more sensitive diagnostic tools , esp... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"test",
"evaluation",
"schistosomiasis",
"public",
"health",
"and",
"epidemiology",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"epidemiology",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"epidemiological",
"methods",
"parasitic",
"diseases"
] | 2012 | Evaluation of Circulating Cathodic Antigen (CCA) Urine-Tests for Diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Cameroon |
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus ( SFTSV ) , an emerging human pathogen naturally transmitted by ticks , has spread widely since it was first detected in 2010 . Although SFTSV-specific antibodies have been detected in wild birds , these natural reservoir and amplifying hosts for the virus have not been... | Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus ( SFTSV ) is an emerging human pathogen naturally transmitted by ticks . Our recent study has showed that some species of migratory birds , such as swan geese and spotted doves , can be parasitized by Haemaphysalis longicornis , an SFTSV vector , and antibodies against ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"reverse",
"transcriptase-polymerase",
"chain",
"reaction",
"invertebrates",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"immune",
"physiology",
"ixodes",
"immunology",
"social",
"sciences",
"vertebrates",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"animals",
"euthanasia",
"animal",
"behavior",... | 2019 | Susceptibility of spotted doves (Streptopelia chinensis) to experimental infection with the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome phlebovirus |
Telomeres distinguish chromosome ends from double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) and prevent chromosome fusion . However , telomeres can also interfere with DNA repair , as shown by a deficiency in nonhomologous end joining ( NHEJ ) and an increase in large deletions at telomeric DSBs . The sensitivity of telomeric regions to ... | The ends of chromosomes , called telomeres , prevent chromosome ends from appearing as DNA double-strand breaks ( DSBs ) and prevent chromosome fusion by forming a specialized nucleo-protein complex . The critical function of telomeres in end protection has a downside , in that it interferes with the repair of DSBs tha... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biology"
] | 2013 | The Role of ATM in the Deficiency in Nonhomologous End-Joining near Telomeres in a Human Cancer Cell Line |
Many meiotic systems in female animals include a lengthy arrest in G2 that separates the end of pachytene from nuclear envelope breakdown ( NEB ) . However , the mechanisms by which a meiotic cell can arrest for long periods of time ( decades in human females ) have remained a mystery . The Drosophila Matrimony ( Mtrm ... | Many meiotic systems in females animals include a lengthy arrest period ( spanning days in flies and to decades in humans ) that separates the early and late stages of meiosis . Such an arrest raises the question: how can the quiescent meiotic cell cycle be precisely awakened or re-started ? At least in principle , the... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Supporting",
"Information"
] | [
"cell",
"biology",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics"
] | 2007 | The Inhibition of Polo Kinase by Matrimony Maintains G2 Arrest in the Meiotic Cell Cycle |
Insect cuticle is composed primarily of chitin and structural proteins . To study the function of structural cuticular proteins , we focused on the proteins present in elytra ( modified forewings that become highly sclerotized and pigmented covers for the hindwings ) of the red flour beetle , Tribolium castaneum . We i... | Primitive insects have two pairs of membranous flight wings , but during the evolution of the beetle lineage the forewings lost their flight function and became modified as hard , rigid covers called elytra for protection of soft body parts of the abdomen and also the delicate flexible hindwings , which retained their ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"functional",
"genomics",
"rna",
"interference",
"gene",
"function",
"developmental",
"biology",
"molecular",
"development",
"proteins",
"gene",
"expression",
"structural",
"proteins",
"biology",
"extracellular",
"matrix",
"proteins",
"morphogens",
"biochemistry",
"genetics... | 2012 | Formation of Rigid, Non-Flight Forewings (Elytra) of a Beetle Requires Two Major Cuticular Proteins |
Scrub typhus , murine typhus , and leptospirosis are widely neglected infectious diseases caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi , Rickettsia typhi , and pathogenic Leptospira spp . , respectively . Patients usually present with non-specific symptoms and therefore are commonly diagnosed with acute undifferentiated febrile il... | Scrub typhus , murine typhus , and leptospirosis are diagnosed as acute undifferentiated febrile illness . Diagnostic tests for these diseases depend on antibody detection . However , antibody detection is still limited by its tendency to return negative results during the early phase of aforementioned diseases . In th... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"typhus",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"leptospira",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"microbiology",
"organisms",
"bacterial",
"diseases",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"molecular",
"biology",
"techniqu... | 2019 | Development of multiplex PCR for neglected infectious diseases |
Immune response against human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) includes a set of persistent cytotoxic NK and CD8 T cells devoted to eliminate infected cells and to prevent reactivation . CD8 T cells against HCMV antigens ( pp65 , IE1 ) presented by HLA class-I molecules are well characterized and they associate with efficient ... | Understanding the mechanisms of immune control of viral infection is crucial to improve diagnosis and to design efficient immunotherapies . CD8 T lymphocytes are key components of the cellular immunity against human cytomegalovirus ( HCMV ) , a widespread pathogen that cause severe illness and poor outcome in immunocom... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"blood",
"cells",
"urinary",
"system",
"procedures",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"organ",
"transplantation",
"immune",
"cells",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"pathogens",
"immunology",
"microbiology",
"cytomegalovirus",
"infection",
"cloning",... | 2018 | HCMV triggers frequent and persistent UL40-specific unconventional HLA-E-restricted CD8 T-cell responses with potential autologous and allogeneic peptide recognition |
HIV-1 undergoes multiple rounds of error-prone replication between transmission events , resulting in diverse viral populations within and among individuals . In addition , the virus experiences different selective pressures at multiple levels: during the course of infection , at transmission , and among individuals . ... | The speed at which HIV-1 evolves within individuals and across epidemics is substantially different . Identifying the mechanisms shaping this phenomenon has important implications for understanding disease severity and transmission of HIV-1 , especially when considering the spread of viruses that are resistant to drugs... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"organismal",
"evolution",
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"pathology",
"and",
"laboratory",
"medicine",
"viral",
"transmission",
"and",
"infection",
"pathogens",
"geographical",
"locations",
"microbiology",
"uganda",
"retroviruses",
"viruses",
"immunodeficiency",
... | 2018 | Evolution of HIV-1 within untreated individuals and at the population scale in Uganda |
The intricate shaping of the facial skeleton is essential for function of the vertebrate jaw and middle ear . While much has been learned about the signaling pathways and transcription factors that control facial patterning , the downstream cellular mechanisms dictating skeletal shapes have remained unclear . Here we p... | The exquisite functions of the vertebrate face require the precise formation of its underlying bones . Remarkably , many of the genes required to shape the facial skeleton are the same from fish to man . In this study , we use the powerful zebrafish system to understand how the skeletal components of the face acquire d... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"condensation",
"face",
"bmp",
"signaling",
"condensed",
"matter",
"physics",
"vertebrates",
"animals",
"notch",
"signaling",
"animal",
"models",
"osteichthyes",
"immune",
"receptor",
"signaling",
"developmental",
"biology",
"mod... | 2016 | Competition between Jagged-Notch and Endothelin1 Signaling Selectively Restricts Cartilage Formation in the Zebrafish Upper Face |
Sensory processing in the brain includes three key operations: multisensory integration—the task of combining cues into a single estimate of a common underlying stimulus; coordinate transformations—the change of reference frame for a stimulus ( e . g . , retinotopic to body-centered ) effected through knowledge about a... | Over the first few years of their lives , humans ( and other animals ) appear to learn how to combine signals from multiple sense modalities: when to “integrate” them into a single percept , as with visual and proprioceptive information about one's body; when not to integrate them ( e . g . , when looking somewhere els... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"circuit",
"models",
"neural",
"networks",
"computational",
"neuroscience",
"psychophysics",
"sensory",
"systems",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"sensory",
"perception",
"neuroscience",
"learning",
"and",
"memory",
"coding",
"mechanisms"
] | 2013 | Learning Multisensory Integration and Coordinate Transformation via Density Estimation |
Blocking Plasmodium falciparum transmission to mosquitoes has been designated a strategic objective in the global agenda of malaria elimination . Transmission is ensured by gametocyte-infected erythrocytes ( GIE ) that sequester in the bone marrow and at maturation are released into peripheral blood from where they are... | Malaria transmission is ensured by deformable mature gametocyte-infected erythrocytes being taken up when a mosquito bites . Non-deformable immature gametocyte stages are sequestered in the bone marrow , as their lack of deformability would lead to their splenic clearance . In the present study , we apply nano-filtrati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | cAMP-Signalling Regulates Gametocyte-Infected Erythrocyte Deformability Required for Malaria Parasite Transmission |
Scabies is a parasitic skin infestation caused by the burrowing mite Sarcoptes scabiei . It is common worldwide and spreads rapidly under crowded conditions , such as those found in socially disadvantaged communities of Indigenous populations and in developing countries . Pruritic scabies lesions facilitate opportunist... | Scabies , a neglected parasitic disease caused by the microscopic mite Sarcoptes scabiei , is a major driving force behind bacterial skin infections in tropical settings . Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are nearly twenty times more likely to die from acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease than... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"and",
"Discussion"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections",
"infectious",
"diseases/neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/tropical",
"and",
"travel-associated",
"diseases",
"infectious",
"diseases/skin",
"infections"
] | 2010 | A Tractable Experimental Model for Study of Human and Animal Scabies |
Trypanosoma cruzi , causative agent of Chagas disease in humans and dogs , is a vector-borne zoonotic protozoan parasite that can cause fatal cardiac disease . While recognized as the most economically important parasitic infection in Latin America , the incidence of Chagas disease in the United States of America ( US ... | Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease in humans and dogs and may eventually lead to mortalities related to cardiac failure . This parasite is most frequently transmitted by triatomine bug vectors , commonly called “kissing bugs . ” Although Chagas disease is predominately acquired in Lati... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [] | 2016 | Molecular Diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi Detected in the Vector Triatoma protracta from California, USA |
We define an interface-interaction network ( IIN ) to capture the specificity and competition between protein-protein interactions ( PPI ) . This new type of network represents interactions between individual interfaces used in functional protein binding and thereby contains the detail necessary to describe the competi... | Much of the work inside the cell is carried out by proteins interacting with other proteins . Each edge in a protein-protein interaction network reflects these functional interactions and each node a separate protein , creating a complex structure that nevertheless follows well-established global and local patterns rel... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"macromolecular",
"complex",
"analysis",
"systems",
"biology",
"biochemistry",
"physics",
"proteomic",
"databases",
"protein",
"interactions",
"proteins",
"protein",
"structure",
"macromolecular",
"assemblies",
"biology",
"computational",
"biology",
"proteomics",
"biophysics"... | 2013 | Interface-Resolved Network of Protein-Protein Interactions |
Zinc is an essential micronutrient for all living organisms and is involved in a plethora of processes including growth and development , and immunity . However , it is unknown if there is a common genetic and molecular basis underlying multiple facets of zinc function . Here we used natural variation in Arabidopsis th... | Plants have evolved mechanisms to cope with complex environments in which resources as well as potential threats are fluctuating . Thereby , plants modulate their growth based on multiple cues from the environment . In this study , by exploring natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis to study the role of zinc in regul... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"methods"
] | [
"genome-wide",
"association",
"studies",
"plant",
"growth",
"and",
"development",
"brassica",
"plant",
"physiology",
"developmental",
"biology",
"plant",
"science",
"model",
"organisms",
"experimental",
"organism",
"systems",
"genome",
"analysis",
"seedlings",
"plants",
... | 2018 | Natural allelic variation of the AZI1 gene controls root growth under zinc-limiting condition |
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome ( STSS ) is a severe invasive infection characterized by the sudden onset of shock and multiorgan failure; it has a high mortality rate . Although a number of studies have attempted to determine the crucial factors behind the onset of STSS , the responsible genes in group A Streptococ... | Group A streptococcus ( GAS ) causes life-threatening severe invasive diseases , including necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome . Although many studies have attempted to determine factors that are crucial for the onset of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome ( STSS ) , bacterial factors respo... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/disease",
"models",
"genetics",
"and",
"genomics/genetics",
"of",
"disease",
"microbiology/medical",
"microbiology",
"infectious",
"diseases/bacterial",
"infections"
] | 2010 | Highly Frequent Mutations in Negative Regulators of Multiple Virulence Genes in Group A Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Isolates |
Aberrant DNA methylation disrupts normal gene expression in cancer and broadly contributes to oncogenesis . We previously developed MethylMix , a model-based algorithmic approach to identify epigenetically regulated driver genes . MethylMix identifies genes where methylation likely executes a functional role by using t... | To elucidate the molecular basis of cancer we examine the variation and dynamics characterizing the flow of information from epigenome to the transcriptome and proteome . Conducting the first genome wide analysis of epigenome-proteome associations , we present a MethylMix analysis that leverages protein abundance data ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"breast",
"tumors",
"cancer",
"risk",
"factors",
"cancers",
"and",
"neoplasms",
"protein",
"abundance",
"oncology",
"epigenetics",
"dna",
"medical",
"risk",
"factors",
"dna",
"methylation",
"chromatin",
"research",
"and",
"an... | 2019 | The impact of DNA methylation on the cancer proteome |
The exosome complex functions in RNA metabolism and transcriptional gene silencing . Here , we report that mutations of two Arabidopsis genes encoding nuclear exosome components AtRRP6L1 and AtRRP6L2 , cause de-repression of the main flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C ( FLC ) and thus delay flowering in early-flower... | Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C ( FLC ) delays flowering; therefore , repressing expression of FLC provides a critical mechanism to regulate flowering . This mechanism involves multiple levels of regulation , including genetic regulation by transcription factors , and epigenetic regulation by modifications of genomic DNA... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"biology",
"and",
"life",
"sciences"
] | 2014 | Arabidopsis RRP6L1 and RRP6L2 Function in FLOWERING LOCUS C Silencing via Regulation of Antisense RNA Synthesis |
The effectiveness of a mass vaccination program can engender its own undoing if individuals choose to not get vaccinated believing that they are already protected by herd immunity . This would appear to be the optimal decision for an individual , based on a strategic appraisal of her costs and benefits , even though sh... | A major factor underlying the success of voluntary vaccination schemes is the public perception about the costs and benefits associated with vaccines . Individuals may avoid vaccination if they perceive the risk of infection to be low compared to the potential hazards and inconveniences associated with getting vaccinat... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Model",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"and",
"health",
"sciences",
"infectious",
"disease",
"epidemiology",
"applied",
"mathematics",
"immunology",
"sociology",
"social",
"sciences",
"vaccines",
"preventive",
"medicine",
"social",
"epidemiology",
"probability",
"distribution",
"mathematics",
"networ... | 2019 | Epidemic prevalence information on social networks can mediate emergent collective outcomes in voluntary vaccine schemes |
Clinical strains of HCMV encode 20 putative ORFs within a region of the genome termed ULb′ that are postulated to encode functions related to persistence or immune evasion . We have previously identified ULb′-encoded pUL138 as necessary , but not sufficient , for HCMV latency in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells ( H... | Human cytomegalovirus is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that , like all herpesviruses , establishes a life long relationship with its host through a latent infection . The molecular basis of viral latency is poorly understood , in part , because viral determinants of latency and the corresponding virus-host interactions are ... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"medicine",
"biochemistry",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"biology",
"microbiology",
"molecular",
"cell",
"biology"
] | 2011 | A Novel Human Cytomegalovirus Locus Modulates Cell Type-Specific Outcomes of Infection |
Appropriate diagnostics to monitor disease trends and assess the effectiveness and impact of interventions are essential for guiding treatment strategies at different thresholds of schistosomiasis transmission and for certifying elimination . Field validation of these assays is urgently needed before they can be adopte... | Immunodiagnostic assays are widely applied in the field to control schistosomiasis in P . R . China as the prevalence and infection intensity of schistosome infections decrease . Field evaluations are urgently needed before they can be adopted to support policy decisions of the national programme for the control and el... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods",
"Results",
"Discussion"
] | [
"medicine",
"infectious",
"diseases",
"test",
"evaluation",
"schistosomiasis",
"research",
"monitoring",
"diagnostic",
"medicine",
"science",
"policy",
"neglected",
"tropical",
"diseases",
"government",
"laboratories",
"parasitic",
"diseases",
"research",
"assessment",
"res... | 2011 | Tools to Support Policy Decisions Related to Treatment Strategies and Surveillance of Schistosomiasis Japonica towards Elimination |
Fe-S bound proteins are ubiquitous and contribute to most basic cellular processes . A defect in the ISC components catalyzing Fe-S cluster biogenesis leads to drastic phenotypes in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes . In this context , the Frataxin protein ( FXN ) stands out as an exception . In eukaryotes , a defect in ... | Iron sulfur ( Fe-S ) clusters are ubiquitous cofactors found in proteins which function in very diverse pathways ranging from respiration to DNA repair . The mitochondrial Fe-S biogenesis machinery ISC was inherited from the bacterial ancestor of mitochondria . In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes , deficiency of core IS... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [] | 2015 | Turning Escherichia coli into a Frataxin-Dependent Organism |
Organisms evolve two routes to surviving infections—they can resist pathogen growth ( resistance ) and they can endure the pathogenesis of infection ( tolerance ) . The sum of these two properties together defines the defensive capabilities of the host . Typically , studies of animal defenses focus on either understand... | To boost its defenses , an organism may increase its resistance to infection by reducing the fitness of the invading pathogen; alternatively , the host may increase its tolerance by reducing the damage caused by a given quantity of pathogen . Melanization is an immune response that has been linked to defense in the fly... | [
"Abstract",
"Introduction",
"Results",
"Discussion",
"Materials",
"and",
"Methods"
] | [
"infectious",
"diseases",
"immunology"
] | 2008 | A Signaling Protease Required for Melanization in Drosophila Affects Resistance and Tolerance of Infections |
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