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It starts thinking about all of these options. The 22nd, this committee is formed formally. But more importantly, Kennedy gives a speech to state the United States' opinion. And I'll just read it right here. To halt this offensive buildup, a strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to Cuba i... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
And I'll just read it right here. To halt this offensive buildup, a strict quarantine on all offensive military equipment under shipment to Cuba is being initiated. All ships of any kind bound for Cuba from whatever nation or port will, if found to contain cargos of offensive weapons, be turned back. This quarantine wi... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
This quarantine will be extended if needed to other types of cargo and carriers. We are not at this time, however, denying the necessities of life as the Soviets attempted to do in their Berlin blockade of 1948. So the Kennedy administration's position became slightly more nuanced. They said we can't do an all-out bloc... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
They said we can't do an all-out blockade. One, that is an act of war. Two, that is to a large degree inhumane. Why should we starve the Cuban people? What we're going to do is kind of a filter on the cargo going into Cuba. We will only stop, we will only inspect things that we suspect are holding armaments. And we wil... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Why should we starve the Cuban people? What we're going to do is kind of a filter on the cargo going into Cuba. We will only stop, we will only inspect things that we suspect are holding armaments. And we will only turn back the ships that are actually doing it. But then on the 24th, there is a cable from Khrushchev. A... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
And we will only turn back the ships that are actually doing it. But then on the 24th, there is a cable from Khrushchev. And it says, if you coolly weigh the situation which has developed, not giving way to passions, you will understand that the Soviet Union cannot fail to reject the arbitrary demands of the United Sta... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
So the game of chicken is beginning to emerge. The United States is just saying, look, this is unacceptable. We're going to stop you from shipping arms to Cuba. On the 24th, Khrushchev is saying, who are you to tell us what to do? And there's this kind of undercurrent of, wait, you've already got stuff set up in Italy ... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
On the 24th, Khrushchev is saying, who are you to tell us what to do? And there's this kind of undercurrent of, wait, you've already got stuff set up in Italy and Turkey, not too far from us. How can you dare, and they call it a blockade, even though the US is calling it a quarantine. This is an act of aggression. And ... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
This is an act of aggression. And we will ignore it. So both parties are kind of saying, we don't care what you're going to do. We're going to do whatever we have to do. And this whole time, I mean, both sides are getting tense. The whole world is kind of taking sides. You're making public statements about what's right... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
We're going to do whatever we have to do. And this whole time, I mean, both sides are getting tense. The whole world is kind of taking sides. You're making public statements about what's right or wrong. So we really are getting very close to the brink of a very major confrontation between the Soviet Union and the Unite... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
You're making public statements about what's right or wrong. So we really are getting very close to the brink of a very major confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States. You can read the book 13 Days, Robert Kennedy. There's also the movie 13 Days, which actually is not based on the book. But both of ... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
There's also the movie 13 Days, which actually is not based on the book. But both of them really kind of give the account of what happened over this period. But then you fast forward to the 25th, and Kennedy essentially replies that, look, these are offensive weapons, and these require the responses I have announced. I... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
I hope that your government will take necessary action to permit restoration of the earlier situation. So Kennedy's saying, look, we have to do this. These are offensive weapons. We cannot tolerate these weapons so close to US borders. And so also on the 25th, the quarantine's in effect. It does get challenged. The US ... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
We cannot tolerate these weapons so close to US borders. And so also on the 25th, the quarantine's in effect. It does get challenged. The US does start to inspect some ships. They tried to inspect one ship that got away a little bit. And the Soviets did. So the Soviets, even though they're speaking the game of chicken,... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
The US does start to inspect some ships. They tried to inspect one ship that got away a little bit. And the Soviets did. So the Soviets, even though they're speaking the game of chicken, they did turn back 14 ships. And the best guess is that those 14 ships probably did contain some type of armament. So even though pub... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
So the Soviets, even though they're speaking the game of chicken, they did turn back 14 ships. And the best guess is that those 14 ships probably did contain some type of armament. So even though publicly everyone is playing a very strong game, behind the scenes there is a little bit of a softening of the stance. And t... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
And then you fast forward to the 26th, and Khrushchev essentially sends his first proposal. And it's interesting here because in Khrushchev's mind, and this is a fascinating letter to read. It's a fairly long letter, so I'm not going to go into the whole thing. And you can get it at this URL right over here. It's a fas... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
And you can get it at this URL right over here. It's a fascinating letter. I may be able to do a whole video where I just read this letter. He kind of goes into the nuance of what he views as a defensive or an offensive weapons. He admits, he implicitly admits, that the missiles are there, that they're not these benign... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
He kind of goes into the nuance of what he views as a defensive or an offensive weapons. He admits, he implicitly admits, that the missiles are there, that they're not these benign weapons. But he, in his letter, he kind of makes a nuance that he views them as defensive weapons. He says, look, you guys attempted to ous... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
He says, look, you guys attempted to oust Castro already. We view Castro as an ally. We think that by placing these weapons here, you will be less likely to be able to oust Castro because you will be afraid of these weapons. So Khrushchev is kind of setting up, we don't have, Khrushchev's saying, we don't have any inte... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
So Khrushchev is kind of setting up, we don't have, Khrushchev's saying, we don't have any intention of using these to attack you for no reason. We're just putting these here to essentially defend one of our allies. So he's saying that's the reason that they placed those weapons there in the first place, kind of saying... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
You were the ones that took the first shot. Now we are defending it. That might have been the rationale. Another rationale for why they did it is just, and probably the more strategic rationale, is that we already did have these missiles that were pointed at the Soviet Union in Turkey and Italy. And the Soviet Union ju... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Another rationale for why they did it is just, and probably the more strategic rationale, is that we already did have these missiles that were pointed at the Soviet Union in Turkey and Italy. And the Soviet Union just wanted to have parity. So they wanted to put missiles near the US on some ally's country from the Sovi... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
So on the 26th, Khrushchev's first proposal that was given through a cable says, if assurances were given by the president and the government of the United States that the USA itself would not participate, so assurances, let me underline this in a different color. Assurances that the USA itself would not participate in... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Then, too, the question, and the communists always like talking about labor, then, too, the question of armaments would disappear, since if there is no threat, then armaments are a burden for every people. So in this first proposal that came over a cable, he's essentially saying, look, if you guys just promise not to a... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
And this stance right here really does make it look like their main interest in having those missiles was kind of to protect Cuba, so that the US would not try to oust the communists from there. But then on the next day, Khrushchev has a broadcast, a public broadcast, where he kind of changes his tone a little bit. Now... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
So he's sending a little mixed messages. His first message was kind of a softer stance. Look, you guys just promised not to invade Cuba, and we're going to pull out of Cuba. The second stance is saying, no, no, no. We're only going to take our missiles out of Cuba if you take your missiles out of Italy and Turkey. And ... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
The second stance is saying, no, no, no. We're only going to take our missiles out of Cuba if you take your missiles out of Italy and Turkey. And on the same day, another U-2 spy plane gets shot down over Cuba. And this is when both armies are really kind of like hair-trigger notice. So it's a really scary situation. A... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
And this is when both armies are really kind of like hair-trigger notice. So it's a really scary situation. And this was actually done by a local decision by a Soviet commander. And Khrushchev actually did not want this to happen. And lucky for, I guess, the world, the US did not use this alone as a reason to engage in... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
And Khrushchev actually did not want this to happen. And lucky for, I guess, the world, the US did not use this alone as a reason to engage in war. They said, maybe it's an accident. If this happens again, then we'll use it as war. So it was lucky that this did not trigger an immediate war with the Soviets. But the Ken... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
If this happens again, then we'll use it as war. So it was lucky that this did not trigger an immediate war with the Soviets. But the Kennedy administration still had the question, which of these requests were the Soviets really making? This is a more significant request. Are they requesting for both? And so it was eve... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
This is a more significant request. Are they requesting for both? And so it was eventually decided on the 27th that, hey, let's just pretend like we didn't even know, that the Americans didn't even know about the second request that asked for more. And let's just reply to this first request. So you essentially have Ken... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
And let's just reply to this first request. So you essentially have Kennedy agreeing to Khrushchev and saying, OK, we'll do your first request. We will agree not to invade Cuba if you remove your missiles. And then essentially what happens, and that puts Khrushchev in a weird situation because this is something that he... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
And then essentially what happens, and that puts Khrushchev in a weird situation because this is something that he did recommend, but they were ignoring this over here. But through back channels, we said we'll officially agree to this. But through back channels, the Kennedy administration said, and we would also be on ... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
And what the Soviets also didn't know at that time is that the Americans were planning on, that these missiles, to a large degree, by this point in time, were already obsolete because we already had Polaris missiles that were deployable by submarines. And clearly, submarines can deploy things much closer to the action.... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
You can't surveil them and all the rest. So the US kind of agreed to it, but they did it secretly. And the whole point here is that neither side wanted to look like they're giving in. Neither side wanted to look weak. But on the 28th, there was finally an agreement. And so publicly, the first Khrushchev proposal was ag... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Neither side wanted to look weak. But on the 28th, there was finally an agreement. And so publicly, the first Khrushchev proposal was agreed to by both Khrushchev and the United States. Khrushchev agreed to not send any more weapons and also dismantle the weapons that were there. And the Americans agreed that they woul... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Khrushchev agreed to not send any more weapons and also dismantle the weapons that were there. And the Americans agreed that they would not invade Cuba. And so you can imagine, the big winner here is probably Fidel Castro because the whole time, he's paranoid that the US is planning another attack on him. And at least ... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
And at least publicly now, they're saying that they cannot invade. And if they did, it would look like they're going back on their word. And privately, the US agreed to remove its missiles from Turkey and Italy. They didn't want to do this publicly because then it would look like they're being weak. Then it would look ... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
They didn't want to do this publicly because then it would look like they're being weak. Then it would look like the Soviets were able to do this aggressive action. And by doing it, they were able to extract something out of the United States, which is actually the reality. They were able to. By doing this action, they... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
They were able to. By doing this action, they were able to get these missiles removed from Turkey and Italy. But the United States wanted to look strong. There's always an approaching election. Especially after the Bay of Pigs, he needed to look like a strong leader. And so to some degree, you have to give Khrushchev c... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
There's always an approaching election. Especially after the Bay of Pigs, he needed to look like a strong leader. And so to some degree, you have to give Khrushchev credit for this. He kind of swallowed his pride and allowed it to publicly look like he lost the negotiation. He publicly made it look like he got nothing ... | Cuban Missile Crisis The 20th century World history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Europeans and Native Americans looked, dressed, and thought differently in fundamental ways that led to misunderstandings and even violence between them. So let's take some time to compare some ways in which Native American cultural ideas differed from European cultural ideas. So how is it possible to make a direct com... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
One way is to choose a few categories of social interaction and belief and identify how each group conceived of them. Here, I've chosen ideas about land and property ownership, gender roles, and religion as areas to compare. Now, before we start, I wanna put a big asterisk here and say that these are generalizations. J... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Just as the English, French, Spanish, Dutch didn't have all exactly the same religion or concept of proper gender roles, the Algonquians, Iroquois, Pueblos, and Mississippians weren't identical either. But there were some similarities among European groups and among Native American groups that allow us to compare and c... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
One major difference between Europeans and Native Americans was in their ideas about land ownership. To Europeans, land was owned by individuals and passed down through families. They had the right to fence off a plot of land and prevent trespassing. For Native Americans, land ownership was less defined and more tempor... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
For Native Americans, land ownership was less defined and more temporary. One tribe might claim control of a hunting range or one family might farm a plot of land for a season, but they didn't own it forever. Most land was free for everyone to use, but not to own. So when Europeans arrived, Native Americans might agree... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
So when Europeans arrived, Native Americans might agree to let them farm and hunt in their territories, but they didn't expect that Europeans would then fence off that land and prevent others from using it. Likewise, Europeans were confused when Native Americans continued to use land that they thought they had purchase... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
To them, trading relationships were important, and they required a lot of feasting and gift-giving to cement ties between tribes. Europeans were frequently frustrated by the amount of pomp and circumstance Native Americans demanded to complete what they saw as a simple business transaction. Partly, this had to do with ... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
While Europeans gained high status in society by owning a lot of things and therefore being rich, Native Americans achieved high status by giving a lot of things away, being a source of riches for others. So unlike in Europe where there were huge gaps between the rich and the poor, Native American societies were compar... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Europeans couldn't tell if Native Americans were just naturally generous, kind people, or if they maybe just didn't get how business worked. And to Native Americans, Europeans seemed greedy and selfish, allowing others to starve and do without so that they could enrich themselves. Differences in gender roles also confu... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
In European societies, men were the heads of household and they were in charge of outdoor labor. Women took care of the home, but they also had relatively few rights. They couldn't participate politically, own property, or get divorced. In Native American societies, men hunted and fished and conducted warfare, which of... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
In Native American societies, men hunted and fished and conducted warfare, which often meant that they were away from home for weeks or months. Consequently, women did the farming since they were home to tend the crops. Native women also had a lot more freedom than European women. They could get divorced. They could gi... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
They could get divorced. They could give political advice to councils. Many Native American societies were matrilineal, so children belonged to their mother's family rather than their father's. And when a couple got married, the man moved in with his wife's family, not the other way around. To Europeans, gender roles i... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
And when a couple got married, the man moved in with his wife's family, not the other way around. To Europeans, gender roles in Native society almost seemed like they were flipped upside down. And they took this as evidence that Native people were uncivilized. To Native Americans, it looked like Europeans could barely ... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
To Native Americans, it looked like Europeans could barely care for themselves. They had to be taught how to farm, how to fish, even how to hunt effectively in the New World. Finally, Native and European religious practices differed, at least on the surface. Native Americans tended to believe that one great creator had... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
Native Americans tended to believe that one great creator had made the world and that nature was imbued with spirits who would reward or punish them based on how well they took care of the land. In fact, this actually wasn't that much different from the Catholicism of Europeans who believed in a single God, but also ma... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
When Europeans introduced them to Jesus and Mary and the saints, many Native Americans were happy to include them in their pantheon of helpful spirits. But this angered Europeans who insisted on exclusive worship of the Christian God. All of these differences led to fraught interactions between Europeans and Native Ame... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
But despite these differences, they also adopted many useful aspects of each other's culture over time, especially in terms of trade. Native Americans were keen to get their hands on the metal implements for cooking and farming and hunting that Europeans possessed, as well as guns and horses, which were great for trans... | Comparing European and Native American cultures US history Khan Academy (2).mp3 |
And then in 1910, the Korean Peninsula is formally annexed into the Japanese Empire. So the Japanese are essentially this imperialist power here. And they stay in power in the Korean Peninsula all the way until the end of World War II. And it's probably worth saying here, and it's probably worth making a bunch of video... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And it's probably worth saying here, and it's probably worth making a bunch of videos here, that the Japanese occupation was not a pleasant occupation for the Korean people. They subjugated the Korean people in multiple ways. Forced labor, forced prostitution. They tried to eradicate the Korean language and the Korean ... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
They tried to eradicate the Korean language and the Korean culture. So this was not in any way a pleasant occupation. They weren't pleasant imperialists. But you fast forward all the way to 1945. We know that Japan loses World War II. And the major two victors on the Allied side that are kind of acting in this part of ... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
But you fast forward all the way to 1945. We know that Japan loses World War II. And the major two victors on the Allied side that are kind of acting in this part of the world are the United States and the Soviet Union. And so 1945, you have the Soviets coming from above. You have the Soviets coming from above. That's ... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And so 1945, you have the Soviets coming from above. You have the Soviets coming from above. That's the Soviets coming from above. And eventually you have the Americans coming from below. They occupy Japan first. So this is the USA. And they essentially, remember at this point, even though this is kind of the beginning... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And eventually you have the Americans coming from below. They occupy Japan first. So this is the USA. And they essentially, remember at this point, even though this is kind of the beginning of the Cold War, at this point in World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union are allies. And so the United States kind o... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And they essentially, remember at this point, even though this is kind of the beginning of the Cold War, at this point in World War II, the United States and the Soviet Union are allies. And so the United States kind of tells the Soviet Union, hey, why don't we just stop at the 38th parallel? Well, why don't we just st... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And the United States actually didn't even think that the Soviets would stop there. But they actually did. And from the Soviets' point of view, it's believed that they stopped there. Because the United States didn't get there at the same time. So there was no one to stop them from going further south. But it's believed... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
Because the United States didn't get there at the same time. So there was no one to stop them from going further south. But it's believed that the Soviets wanted to uphold their side of the agreement so that they would be a trusted party to negotiations in Europe and maybe get more in Europe, which is what the Soviets ... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
So what happens after World War II is that what's now North Korea, essentially, becomes under the influence of the Soviets. Everything below the 38th parallel becomes under the influence of the United States. The Soviets essentially install this gentleman right over here to lead North Korea, Kim Il-sung, or the part of... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
At this point, this was just kind of viewed as a point where the Soviets and the United States should kind of meet up, where they would have to stop. It wasn't meant to be an actual partition of the country. But as we'll see, it actually becomes a partition of the country. But the Soviets install Kim Il-sung. He sets u... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
But the Soviets install Kim Il-sung. He sets up essentially a communist dictatorship in the north. And this is the current leader of North Korea's dad. This is Kim Jong-il's dad. So he gets installed in the north. And in the south, if you fast forward a little bit to 1948, there is an attempt at elections. But those el... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
This is Kim Jong-il's dad. So he gets installed in the north. And in the south, if you fast forward a little bit to 1948, there is an attempt at elections. But those elections are seriously rigged. And this gentleman, Syngman Rhee, comes to power. And although he might look like a nice, pleasant man, he was actually fa... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
But those elections are seriously rigged. And this gentleman, Syngman Rhee, comes to power. And although he might look like a nice, pleasant man, he was actually fairly ruthless. And he is unanimously considered a strong man. And on both sides of this, once again, this is one of those situations where you really can't ... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And he is unanimously considered a strong man. And on both sides of this, once again, this is one of those situations where you really can't call either of these guys good guys, because both of them have done some pretty nasty things to soldiers on either side and to innocent civilians. But Syngman Rhee comes to power ... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And his, I guess, most attractive feature to the Americans is that he is not a communist. And so you have this situation setting up, communist north above 38th parallel, non-communist south controlled by Syngman Rhee, supported by the United States. The other thing that happens is that the Soviets help build up the Nor... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
The United States is not as encouraging of a strong South Korean military. So you start having an imbalance between the military of the north and the south. And obviously, either one of these parties, Kim Il-sung wants to unite Korea under his rule, under his communist rule. Syngman Rhee wants to unite Korea under his ... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
Syngman Rhee wants to unite Korea under his authoritarian rule. So they're both kind of setting up troops along the border. And this whole time, you have skirmishes going on across the border. And just to give you a context, you're probably saying, wait, this was right next to China, what was going on there. And if you... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And just to give you a context, you're probably saying, wait, this was right next to China, what was going on there. And if you go to China in 1949, the communists come to power. There was a civil war leading up to that between the communists led by Mao Zedong and the nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek. Mao Zedong com... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
Mao Zedong comes to power. He wants to support the communists in North Korea, especially because some of those communists in North Korea actually helped fight on the communist side during the Chinese Civil War. So this is an important factor right here. Mao Zedong is interested in spreading communism. He doesn't like t... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
Mao Zedong is interested in spreading communism. He doesn't like the Americans in South Korea. And he feels some type of allegiance to the communists in North Korea. So now you fast forward to June 25, 1950. And in the north, you have a major imbalance. There's a lot, the North Korean army, and it's not called North Ko... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
So now you fast forward to June 25, 1950. And in the north, you have a major imbalance. There's a lot, the North Korean army, and it's not called North Korea at this point. They both consider themselves Korea, competing, I guess, governments of Korea. The army in the north is disproportionately stronger than the south.... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
They both consider themselves Korea, competing, I guess, governments of Korea. The army in the north is disproportionately stronger than the south. And so they invade. They view this as their chance at unifying the peninsula. And essentially, they're able to almost just kind of storm through the Korean peninsula. Immed... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
They view this as their chance at unifying the peninsula. And essentially, they're able to almost just kind of storm through the Korean peninsula. Immediately when that happens, the UN, and especially the United States, and this is because at this point, the Soviet Union was boycotting the Security Council, so they cou... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
The UN immediately starts supplying naval and air support for the South Koreans. But the disparity is so big that the North Koreans are able to just keep marching forward. Within a few days, literally by July 1, the United States decides to commit ground forces, because we had substantial ground forces in Japan, which ... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
This is the Korean peninsula right here, and this is Japan. I know I could have probably found a bigger picture of that. But America had military forces in Japan that they could send. And so the Americans enter the battle in a major way very early on. But that doesn't stop the North Koreans for some time. So the North ... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And so the Americans enter the battle in a major way very early on. But that doesn't stop the North Koreans for some time. So the North Koreans get all the way. They're able to occupy all of the Korean peninsula except for kind of the northeastern corner. So they get around this far. And so over here you have the city ... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
They're able to occupy all of the Korean peninsula except for kind of the northeastern corner. So they get around this far. And so over here you have the city of Pusan, and this is called the Pusan perimeter. And it's at the Pusan perimeter that you have a little bit of a, the United States and Korean forces combined a... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And it's at the Pusan perimeter that you have a little bit of a, the United States and Korean forces combined are able to halt the North Koreans. And you have kind of a slight stalemate for a couple of months here. But while that stalemate is happening, the United States is able to, and especially the UN, but it's main... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
But even more, and at this point, the United States and the UN forces go under the control of Douglas MacArthur, General Douglas MacArthur, who's a bit of an interesting character. Until this point, he was able to kind of rule Japan with an iron fist. He's a hugely popular war hero in America. And the current president... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And the current president, Truman, kind of has a little trouble controlling MacArthur, especially during the Korean War. And we'll see that MacArthur really oversteps his bounds during the course of this war. Now at this point, you have the South Koreans and the Americans kind of cornered out down here inside the Pusan... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
It looks like North Korea is on the verge of victory, but the US is able to build forces. And the Korean War really just starts becoming into a game of risk. I don't know if you've ever played the game of risk, but whenever it's somebody's turn, they're able to spread their forces, but then they get spread thin, and th... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And we'll see as the rest of the Korean War is essentially a back and forth between the communists in the North, supported by the Chinese, although the Chinese aren't in the war officially just yet, and then the Americans in the South. And the first really smart thing that MacArthur does is he says, look, instead of tr... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
So in September 15, while you have kind of this stalemate over here, the United States, they have an amphibious landing, so they send troops from all of these places. They have an amphibious landing at Incheon, which is near Seoul. So they land at Incheon, which is roughly over there. I'm not super accurate here. And w... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
I'm not super accurate here. And what's interesting about that is, in any battle, all of these Korean troops right here, they have supply chains. They have to get food and supplies and fresh troops from up here. And so the further in you go into enemy territory, the more spread out your troops get. And the strategies h... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And so the further in you go into enemy territory, the more spread out your troops get. And the strategies here is, instead of fighting through this, what if we outflank them and are able to land a significant force right here and immediately disrupt the supply lines of the North Koreans? And that's essentially what th... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And it was successful. So MacArthur looks like a genius over here. And he's able to retake Seoul. He's able to take what's kind of the North Korean capital at this point, Pyongyang. And you have the Americans marching north. So all of a sudden, it started off with the North Koreans being able to roll down. And now all ... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
He's able to take what's kind of the North Korean capital at this point, Pyongyang. And you have the Americans marching north. So all of a sudden, it started off with the North Koreans being able to roll down. And now all of a sudden, the Americans and the South Koreans are able to roll up. And they're feeling pretty g... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
And now all of a sudden, the Americans and the South Koreans are able to roll up. And they're feeling pretty good about themselves. And the whole time, Truman's trying to keep MacArthur under check. MacArthur's excited. He's ultra confident. He thinks that the troops are going to be home by Christmas. He doesn't think ... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
MacArthur's excited. He's ultra confident. He thinks that the troops are going to be home by Christmas. He doesn't think China is serious about supporting the North Koreans. And even more, he almost, it seems like, wants to pick a fight with China. Because he wants to maybe eliminate communism in China as well. He's ki... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
He doesn't think China is serious about supporting the North Koreans. And even more, he almost, it seems like, wants to pick a fight with China. Because he wants to maybe eliminate communism in China as well. He's kind of on this mission to eliminate communism from all of Asia. So Truman is saying, limited war. Don't c... | Korean War overview The 20th century World history Khan Academy.mp3 |
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