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england.c-0.ab589156-4961-4d24-a446-a2295205f42d
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england.c-0
{ "id": "england.c-0", "content": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.[7] It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It has land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, and is otherwise surrounded by ...
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england.c-12.bc2195ac-a071-48de-8670-566c1dcb3fc0
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england.c-12
{ "id": "england.c-12", "content": "Roman military withdrawals left Britain open to invasion by pagan, seafaring warriors from north-western continental Europe, chiefly the Saxons, Angles, Jutes and Frisians who had long raided the coasts of the Roman province. These groups then began to settle in increasing number...
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england.c-8.fe6441e8-e87b-48ff-a45c-7cbb310452d3
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england.c-8
{ "id": "england.c-8", "content": "The Battersea Shield is one of the most significant pieces of ancient Celtic art found in Britain.\nDuring the Iron Age, Celtic culture, deriving from the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures, arrived from Central Europe. Brythonic was the spoken language during this time. Society was t...
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england.c-37.1e26975a-c06f-4015-afe6-a0d73bc1b413
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england.c-37
{ "id": "england.c-37", "content": "The Malvern Hills located in the English counties of Worcestershire and Herefordshire. The hills have been designated by the Countryside Agency as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.\nGeographically, England includes the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great B...
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england.c-35.6775cb73-73fe-49fd-b2e9-110b251bb29e
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england.c-35
{ "id": "england.c-35", "content": "Outside the London region, England's highest tier is the 48 ceremonial counties.[102] These are used primarily as a geographical frame of reference. Of these, 38 developed gradually since the Middle Ages; these were reformed to 51 in 1974 and to their current number in 1996.[103]...
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england.c-41.25661435-b26e-47c9-ac70-b80140babb7b
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england.c-41
{ "id": "england.c-41", "content": "Climate\nMain article: Climate of England\nEngland has a temperate maritime climate: it is mild with temperatures not much lower than 0 °C (32 °F) in winter and not much higher than 32 °C (90 °F) in summer.[117] The weather is damp relatively frequently and is changeable. The col...
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england.c-13.c87e5fab-8dad-470f-880b-e0ebc058c41d
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england.c-13
{ "id": "england.c-13", "content": ". Details of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain are consequently subject to considerable disagreement; the emerging consensus is that it occurred on a large scale in the south and east but was less substantial to the north and west, where Celtic languages continued to be spoke...
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england.c-17.3305f8d2-9cbb-4d88-b709-9302192c1198
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england.c-17
{ "id": "england.c-17", "content": "Subsequently, the House of Plantagenet from Anjou inherited the English throne under Henry II, adding England to the budding Angevin Empire of fiefs the family had inherited in France including Aquitaine.[46] They reigned for three centuries, some noted monarchs being Richard I, ...
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england.c-40.e7a5e855-b50f-4c18-9fab-7ce29d801938
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england.c-40
{ "id": "england.c-40", "content": "The village of Glenridding and Ullswater in Cumbria.\nThe Pennines, known as the \"backbone of England\", are the oldest range of mountains in the country, originating from the end of the Paleozoic Era around 300 million years ago.[115] Their geological composition includes, amon...
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england.c-37.b021ff21-362d-46d6-9ef9-f9e232030f2b
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england.c-37
{ "id": "england.c-37", "content": "The Malvern Hills located in the English counties of Worcestershire and Herefordshire. The hills have been designated by the Countryside Agency as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.\nGeographically, England includes the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great B...
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england.c-37
{ "id": "england.c-37", "content": "The Malvern Hills located in the English counties of Worcestershire and Herefordshire. The hills have been designated by the Countryside Agency as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.\nGeographically, England includes the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great B...
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england.c-32.6d7f6c8f-f7cd-41ff-87c8-50060be8a5fe
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england.c-32
{ "id": "england.c-32", "content": "The Royal Courts of Justice\nThe English law legal system, developed over the centuries, is the basis of common law[92] legal systems used in most Commonwealth countries[93] and the United States (except Louisiana). Despite now being part of the United Kingdom, the legal system o...
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england.c-25.9ae8aeef-e9a4-4bd3-a3b5-8a147fc3a8aa
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england.c-25
{ "id": "england.c-25", "content": "The River Thames during the Georgian period from the Terrace of Somerset House looking towards St. Paul's, c. 1750\nUnder the newly formed Kingdom of Great Britain, output from the Royal Society and other English initiatives combined with the Scottish Enlightenment to create inno...
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england.c-31.64626365-22fc-44a5-8efd-13ca7c0ff386
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england.c-31
{ "id": "england.c-31", "content": "Today England is governed directly by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, although other countries of the United Kingdom have devolved governments.[89] There has been debate about how to counterbalance this in England. Originally it was planned that various regions of England w...
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england.c-20.88cd224a-2b69-4ce9-af03-728552f7fddf
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england.c-20
{ "id": "england.c-20", "content": "Competing with Spain, the first English colony in the Americas was founded in 1585 by explorer Walter Raleigh in Virginia and named Roanoke. The Roanoke colony failed and is known as the lost colony after it was found abandoned on the return of the late-arriving supply ship.[56] ...
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england.c-29.12b48823-abb9-4092-913f-c9180d00295c
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england.c-29
{ "id": "england.c-29", "content": "The Victorian era is often cited as a Golden Age. Painting done by William Powell Frith to show cultural divisions.\nSince the 20th century, there has been significant population movement to England, mostly from other parts of the British Isles, but also from the Commonwealth, pa...
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england.c-12.246ae767-8ac3-4193-8a09-6610168ce5f0
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england.c-12
{ "id": "england.c-12", "content": "Roman military withdrawals left Britain open to invasion by pagan, seafaring warriors from north-western continental Europe, chiefly the Saxons, Angles, Jutes and Frisians who had long raided the coasts of the Roman province. These groups then began to settle in increasing number...
1pos
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england.c-43.7a5e86b5-a885-4e0a-b9d1-bb95093eb93d
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england.c-43
{ "id": "england.c-43", "content": "The fauna of England is similar to that of other areas in the British Isles with a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate life in a diverse range of habitats.[121] National nature reserves in England are designated by Natural England as key places for wildlife and natural feat...
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england.c-37.128b12fd-435e-4a87-90ca-b9707f5eb5ce
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england.c-37
{ "id": "england.c-37", "content": "The Malvern Hills located in the English counties of Worcestershire and Herefordshire. The hills have been designated by the Countryside Agency as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.\nGeographically, England includes the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great B...
1pos
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england.c-32.b4316888-75f3-4bf0-9109-fc423df071e1
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england.c-32
{ "id": "england.c-32", "content": "The Royal Courts of Justice\nThe English law legal system, developed over the centuries, is the basis of common law[92] legal systems used in most Commonwealth countries[93] and the United States (except Louisiana). Despite now being part of the United Kingdom, the legal system o...
1pos
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england.c-44.e1a169e3-0a6d-42a1-b966-ef22c22477eb
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england.c-44
{ "id": "england.c-44", "content": "Red deer in Richmond Park. The park was created by Charles I in the 17th century as a deer park.[125]\nEngland has a temperate oceanic climate in most areas, lacking extremes of cold or heat, but does have a few small areas of subarctic and warmer areas in the South West. Towards...
1pos
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england.c-4.c63d9484-c49c-4884-af5f-7cfc7144f479
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england.c-4
{ "id": "england.c-4", "content": "Toponymy\nSee also: Toponymy of England\nThe name \"England\" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means \"land of the Angles\".[16] The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages. They came from the Angeln re...
1pos
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england.c-36.7f632a44-4e2e-4f5c-9def-8db00ba02efd
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england.c-36
{ "id": "england.c-36", "content": "At the community level, much of England is divided into civil parishes with their own councils; in Greater London only one such parish, Queen's Park, exists as of 2014 after they were abolished in 1965 until legislation allowed their recreation in 2007.\n\nLondon\nFrom 1994 until...
1pos
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england.c-8.093a5ad6-4cda-4c5c-99d0-d21c870df043
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england.c-8
{ "id": "england.c-8", "content": "The Battersea Shield is one of the most significant pieces of ancient Celtic art found in Britain.\nDuring the Iron Age, Celtic culture, deriving from the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures, arrived from Central Europe. Brythonic was the spoken language during this time. Society was t...
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england.c-38.ac5652b1-9187-4651-9ea0-cc1bf6edb250
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england.c-38
{ "id": "england.c-38", "content": "The ports of London, Liverpool, and Newcastle lie on the tidal rivers Thames, Mersey and Tyne respectively. At 220 miles (350 km), the Severn is the longest river flowing through England.[110] It empties into the Bristol Channel and is notable for its Severn Bore (a tidal bore), ...
1pos
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england.c-43.593d2fb9-c9b9-4a16-97d6-cf4db85fb5ea
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england.c-43
{ "id": "england.c-43", "content": "The fauna of England is similar to that of other areas in the British Isles with a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate life in a diverse range of habitats.[121] National nature reserves in England are designated by Natural England as key places for wildlife and natural feat...
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england.c-0.08c2e2f6-2efe-4675-b912-18c3057a6182
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england.c-0
{ "id": "england.c-0", "content": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.[7] It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It has land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, and is otherwise surrounded by ...
1pos
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england.c-8.dc77f6c9-28c9-476c-b000-31eefff6bf20
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england.c-8
{ "id": "england.c-8", "content": "The Battersea Shield is one of the most significant pieces of ancient Celtic art found in Britain.\nDuring the Iron Age, Celtic culture, deriving from the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures, arrived from Central Europe. Brythonic was the spoken language during this time. Society was t...
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england.c-18.6dbcddcd-a10f-453d-a7d3-2e291dd56b2e
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england.c-18
{ "id": "england.c-18", "content": "Between 1453 and 1487, a civil war known as the War of the Roses waged between the two branches of the royal family, the Yorkists and Lancastrians.[50] Eventually it led to the Yorkists losing the throne entirely to a Welsh noble family the Tudors, a branch of the Lancastrians he...
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england.c-17.00bc2719-51eb-4d83-acc7-4ec0c26d8563
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england.c-17
{ "id": "england.c-17", "content": "Subsequently, the House of Plantagenet from Anjou inherited the English throne under Henry II, adding England to the budding Angevin Empire of fiefs the family had inherited in France including Aquitaine.[46] They reigned for three centuries, some noted monarchs being Richard I, ...
1pos
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england.c-37.50346226-8715-41c8-9ee6-fd3ff6dfa6f7
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england.c-37
{ "id": "england.c-37", "content": "The Malvern Hills located in the English counties of Worcestershire and Herefordshire. The hills have been designated by the Countryside Agency as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.\nGeographically, England includes the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great B...
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{ "id": "england.c-0", "content": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.[7] It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It has land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, and is otherwise surrounded by ...
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{ "id": "england.c-43", "content": "The fauna of England is similar to that of other areas in the British Isles with a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate life in a diverse range of habitats.[121] National nature reserves in England are designated by Natural England as key places for wildlife and natural feat...
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{ "id": "england.c-17", "content": "Subsequently, the House of Plantagenet from Anjou inherited the English throne under Henry II, adding England to the budding Angevin Empire of fiefs the family had inherited in France including Aquitaine.[46] They reigned for three centuries, some noted monarchs being Richard I, ...
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{ "id": "england.c-38", "content": "The ports of London, Liverpool, and Newcastle lie on the tidal rivers Thames, Mersey and Tyne respectively. At 220 miles (350 km), the Severn is the longest river flowing through England.[110] It empties into the Bristol Channel and is notable for its Severn Bore (a tidal bore), ...
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{ "id": "england.c-3", "content": "England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. The country's capital is London, the...
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{ "id": "england.c-31", "content": "Today England is governed directly by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, although other countries of the United Kingdom have devolved governments.[89] There has been debate about how to counterbalance this in England. Originally it was planned that various regions of England w...
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{ "id": "england.c-40", "content": "The village of Glenridding and Ullswater in Cumbria.\nThe Pennines, known as the \"backbone of England\", are the oldest range of mountains in the country, originating from the end of the Paleozoic Era around 300 million years ago.[115] Their geological composition includes, amon...
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{ "id": "england.c-3", "content": "England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. The country's capital is London, the...
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{ "id": "england.c-41", "content": "Climate\nMain article: Climate of England\nEngland has a temperate maritime climate: it is mild with temperatures not much lower than 0 °C (32 °F) in winter and not much higher than 32 °C (90 °F) in summer.[117] The weather is damp relatively frequently and is changeable. The col...
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{ "id": "england.c-8", "content": "The Battersea Shield is one of the most significant pieces of ancient Celtic art found in Britain.\nDuring the Iron Age, Celtic culture, deriving from the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures, arrived from Central Europe. Brythonic was the spoken language during this time. Society was t...
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{ "id": "england.c-12", "content": "Roman military withdrawals left Britain open to invasion by pagan, seafaring warriors from north-western continental Europe, chiefly the Saxons, Angles, Jutes and Frisians who had long raided the coasts of the Roman province. These groups then began to settle in increasing number...
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{ "id": "england.c-33", "content": "The Secretary of State for Justice is the minister responsible to Parliament for the judiciary, the court system and prisons and probation in England.[98] Crime increased between 1981 and 1995 but fell by 42% in the period 1995–2006.[99] The prison population doubled over the sam...
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{ "id": "england.c-44", "content": "Red deer in Richmond Park. The park was created by Charles I in the 17th century as a deer park.[125]\nEngland has a temperate oceanic climate in most areas, lacking extremes of cold or heat, but does have a few small areas of subarctic and warmer areas in the South West. Towards...
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{ "id": "england.c-25", "content": "The River Thames during the Georgian period from the Terrace of Somerset House looking towards St. Paul's, c. 1750\nUnder the newly formed Kingdom of Great Britain, output from the Royal Society and other English initiatives combined with the Scottish Enlightenment to create inno...
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{ "id": "england.c-40", "content": "The village of Glenridding and Ullswater in Cumbria.\nThe Pennines, known as the \"backbone of England\", are the oldest range of mountains in the country, originating from the end of the Paleozoic Era around 300 million years ago.[115] Their geological composition includes, amon...
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{ "id": "england.c-27", "content": "multi-storey square industrial buildings beyond a river\nThe Battle of Trafalgar was a naval engagement between the Royal Navy and the combined fleets of France and Spain during the Napoleonic Wars.[74]\nLondon became the largest and most populous metropolitan area in the world d...
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{ "id": "england.c-2", "content": "England is the origin of the English language, the English legal system (which served as the basis for the common law systems of many other countries), association football, and the Anglican branch of Christianity; its parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by ...
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{ "id": "england.c-26", "content": "During the Industrial Revolution, many workers moved from England's countryside to new and expanding urban industrial areas to work in factories, for instance at Birmingham and Manchester,[69] with the latter the world's first industrial city.[70] England maintained relative stab...
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{ "id": "england.c-2", "content": "England is the origin of the English language, the English legal system (which served as the basis for the common law systems of many other countries), association football, and the Anglican branch of Christianity; its parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by ...
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{ "id": "england.c-3", "content": "England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. The country's capital is London, the...
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{ "id": "england.c-3", "content": "England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. The country's capital is London, the...
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{ "id": "england.c-37", "content": "The Malvern Hills located in the English counties of Worcestershire and Herefordshire. The hills have been designated by the Countryside Agency as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.\nGeographically, England includes the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great B...
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{ "id": "england.c-36", "content": "At the community level, much of England is divided into civil parishes with their own councils; in Greater London only one such parish, Queen's Park, exists as of 2014 after they were abolished in 1965 until legislation allowed their recreation in 2007.\n\nLondon\nFrom 1994 until...
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{ "id": "england.c-36", "content": "At the community level, much of England is divided into civil parishes with their own councils; in Greater London only one such parish, Queen's Park, exists as of 2014 after they were abolished in 1965 until legislation allowed their recreation in 2007.\n\nLondon\nFrom 1994 until...
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england.c-24
{ "id": "england.c-24", "content": "Painting of seated male figure, with long black hair wearing a white cape and breeches.\nThe English Restoration restored the monarchy under King Charles II and peace after the English Civil War.\nIn 1666 the Great Fire of London gutted the city of London, but it was rebuilt shor...
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england.c-12.cac7e757-45df-408c-9687-66a0a80e09c2
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england.c-12
{ "id": "england.c-12", "content": "Roman military withdrawals left Britain open to invasion by pagan, seafaring warriors from north-western continental Europe, chiefly the Saxons, Angles, Jutes and Frisians who had long raided the coasts of the Roman province. These groups then began to settle in increasing number...
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england.c-37.002a54b1-e4d0-4ca3-8155-19620fec8882
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england.c-37
{ "id": "england.c-37", "content": "The Malvern Hills located in the English counties of Worcestershire and Herefordshire. The hills have been designated by the Countryside Agency as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.\nGeographically, England includes the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great B...
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england.c-17.f9acc5a4-aeef-43a7-a2f5-b15dc87723dc
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england.c-17
{ "id": "england.c-17", "content": "Subsequently, the House of Plantagenet from Anjou inherited the English throne under Henry II, adding England to the budding Angevin Empire of fiefs the family had inherited in France including Aquitaine.[46] They reigned for three centuries, some noted monarchs being Richard I, ...
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england.c-44.9c2f8564-9cc4-4d83-a6f5-5ee22e250c51
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{ "id": "england.c-44", "content": "Red deer in Richmond Park. The park was created by Charles I in the 17th century as a deer park.[125]\nEngland has a temperate oceanic climate in most areas, lacking extremes of cold or heat, but does have a few small areas of subarctic and warmer areas in the South West. Towards...
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england.c-20.b68bd731-2e8d-4a0d-9ce1-d7614102d1c4
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{ "id": "england.c-20", "content": "Competing with Spain, the first English colony in the Americas was founded in 1585 by explorer Walter Raleigh in Virginia and named Roanoke. The Roanoke colony failed and is known as the lost colony after it was found abandoned on the return of the late-arriving supply ship.[56] ...
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england.c-16
{ "id": "england.c-16", "content": "King Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt, 1415.\nKing Henry V at the Battle of Agincourt, fought on Saint Crispin's Day and concluded with an English victory against a larger French army in the Hundred Years' War\nA dispute over the succession to Edward led to an unsuccessful Norw...
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england.c-36.4f52108a-fbe5-40b6-abc7-f6bd7f8bc930
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england.c-36
{ "id": "england.c-36", "content": "At the community level, much of England is divided into civil parishes with their own councils; in Greater London only one such parish, Queen's Park, exists as of 2014 after they were abolished in 1965 until legislation allowed their recreation in 2007.\n\nLondon\nFrom 1994 until...
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england.c-12.98d10461-8fb9-438b-ac63-f0f5482737b2
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england.c-12
{ "id": "england.c-12", "content": "Roman military withdrawals left Britain open to invasion by pagan, seafaring warriors from north-western continental Europe, chiefly the Saxons, Angles, Jutes and Frisians who had long raided the coasts of the Roman province. These groups then began to settle in increasing number...
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england.c-31.6f23fbae-f47f-41d6-8e3d-8cf0136d4b43
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england.c-31
{ "id": "england.c-31", "content": "Today England is governed directly by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, although other countries of the United Kingdom have devolved governments.[89] There has been debate about how to counterbalance this in England. Originally it was planned that various regions of England w...
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england.c-43.06e2ac27-3331-4a21-bf01-75c437c2db36
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{ "id": "england.c-43", "content": "The fauna of England is similar to that of other areas in the British Isles with a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate life in a diverse range of habitats.[121] National nature reserves in England are designated by Natural England as key places for wildlife and natural feat...
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england.c-40.a1ed6064-512e-4a42-94ae-8df70d6edbf1
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england.c-40
{ "id": "england.c-40", "content": "The village of Glenridding and Ullswater in Cumbria.\nThe Pennines, known as the \"backbone of England\", are the oldest range of mountains in the country, originating from the end of the Paleozoic Era around 300 million years ago.[115] Their geological composition includes, amon...
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england.c-40
{ "id": "england.c-40", "content": "The village of Glenridding and Ullswater in Cumbria.\nThe Pennines, known as the \"backbone of England\", are the oldest range of mountains in the country, originating from the end of the Paleozoic Era around 300 million years ago.[115] Their geological composition includes, amon...
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england.c-8.7d92f95b-a3ab-431d-a790-4aabec6d8088
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england.c-8
{ "id": "england.c-8", "content": "The Battersea Shield is one of the most significant pieces of ancient Celtic art found in Britain.\nDuring the Iron Age, Celtic culture, deriving from the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures, arrived from Central Europe. Brythonic was the spoken language during this time. Society was t...
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england.c-4.c3738273-828d-439d-8e6b-3e06365a868b
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england.c-4
{ "id": "england.c-4", "content": "Toponymy\nSee also: Toponymy of England\nThe name \"England\" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means \"land of the Angles\".[16] The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages. They came from the Angeln re...
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england.c-25.58be9d2e-1f1a-4259-86f6-c79ef42501cb
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england.c-25
{ "id": "england.c-25", "content": "The River Thames during the Georgian period from the Terrace of Somerset House looking towards St. Paul's, c. 1750\nUnder the newly formed Kingdom of Great Britain, output from the Royal Society and other English initiatives combined with the Scottish Enlightenment to create inno...
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england.c-43.3bd06bd6-b8aa-4905-8a85-e51788ee161f
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england.c-43
{ "id": "england.c-43", "content": "The fauna of England is similar to that of other areas in the British Isles with a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate life in a diverse range of habitats.[121] National nature reserves in England are designated by Natural England as key places for wildlife and natural feat...
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england.c-3.b6314cda-19d2-4bef-81ee-723cc3356824
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england.c-3
{ "id": "england.c-3", "content": "England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. The country's capital is London, the...
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england.c-0.8c88bd64-24c0-4718-a025-a9e9359840b9
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england.c-0
{ "id": "england.c-0", "content": "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.[7] It is located on the island of Great Britain, of which it covers about 62%, and more than 100 smaller adjacent islands. It has land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, and is otherwise surrounded by ...
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england.c-44.cc6df614-7b7f-4e5d-94d2-d580856e305e
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england.c-44
{ "id": "england.c-44", "content": "Red deer in Richmond Park. The park was created by Charles I in the 17th century as a deer park.[125]\nEngland has a temperate oceanic climate in most areas, lacking extremes of cold or heat, but does have a few small areas of subarctic and warmer areas in the South West. Towards...
1pos
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england.c-25.ae3b11de-3329-406c-a865-13012fb9423f
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england.c-25
{ "id": "england.c-25", "content": "The River Thames during the Georgian period from the Terrace of Somerset House looking towards St. Paul's, c. 1750\nUnder the newly formed Kingdom of Great Britain, output from the Royal Society and other English initiatives combined with the Scottish Enlightenment to create inno...
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england.c-35.c9b6337d-6921-44d3-aea8-3b24fa1cdd8b
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england.c-35
{ "id": "england.c-35", "content": "Outside the London region, England's highest tier is the 48 ceremonial counties.[102] These are used primarily as a geographical frame of reference. Of these, 38 developed gradually since the Middle Ages; these were reformed to 51 in 1974 and to their current number in 1996.[103]...
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england.c-32.1dc03a8e-5190-4d01-9fc4-50b8543f558e
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england.c-32
{ "id": "england.c-32", "content": "The Royal Courts of Justice\nThe English law legal system, developed over the centuries, is the basis of common law[92] legal systems used in most Commonwealth countries[93] and the United States (except Louisiana). Despite now being part of the United Kingdom, the legal system o...
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england.c-1.c47984ea-f4ef-4f17-bb54-d5d4ccbd4035
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england.c-1
{ "id": "england.c-1", "content": "The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic. It takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in the 10th century and has had extensive cultural and le...
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england.c-43.a86f9d4f-f6b6-46b4-af22-ca47bec92083
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england.c-43
{ "id": "england.c-43", "content": "The fauna of England is similar to that of other areas in the British Isles with a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate life in a diverse range of habitats.[121] National nature reserves in England are designated by Natural England as key places for wildlife and natural feat...
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england.c-33.50d1a6db-39be-492d-b2c0-c573046095df
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england.c-33
{ "id": "england.c-33", "content": "The Secretary of State for Justice is the minister responsible to Parliament for the judiciary, the court system and prisons and probation in England.[98] Crime increased between 1981 and 1995 but fell by 42% in the period 1995–2006.[99] The prison population doubled over the sam...
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england.c-38.547dfce8-9b32-4f37-9605-de7dc0f8d239
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england.c-38
{ "id": "england.c-38", "content": "The ports of London, Liverpool, and Newcastle lie on the tidal rivers Thames, Mersey and Tyne respectively. At 220 miles (350 km), the Severn is the longest river flowing through England.[110] It empties into the Bristol Channel and is notable for its Severn Bore (a tidal bore), ...
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england.c-2.d96392a4-f8f2-4a7a-96ff-cd300f0e6573
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england.c-2
{ "id": "england.c-2", "content": "England is the origin of the English language, the English legal system (which served as the basis for the common law systems of many other countries), association football, and the Anglican branch of Christianity; its parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by ...
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england.c-13.cba2ba3d-a354-4682-b956-8b855d40166d
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england.c-13
{ "id": "england.c-13", "content": ". Details of the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain are consequently subject to considerable disagreement; the emerging consensus is that it occurred on a large scale in the south and east but was less substantial to the north and west, where Celtic languages continued to be spoke...
1pos
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england.c-3.706a209d-926f-45ab-9cc6-32affbdcdd17
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england.c-3
{ "id": "england.c-3", "content": "England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. The country's capital is London, the...
1pos
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england.c-9.6df80d62-8870-4499-a19d-43d816a1dae3
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england.c-9
{ "id": "england.c-9", "content": "Ancient history\nThe Romans invaded Britain in 43 AD during the reign of Emperor Claudius, subsequently conquering much of Britain, and the area was incorporated into the Roman Empire as Britannia province.[30] The best-known of the native tribes who attempted to resist were the C...
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england.c-38.1e0e3394-12a7-495d-8641-5375c763ccc5
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england.c-38
{ "id": "england.c-38", "content": "The ports of London, Liverpool, and Newcastle lie on the tidal rivers Thames, Mersey and Tyne respectively. At 220 miles (350 km), the Severn is the longest river flowing through England.[110] It empties into the Bristol Channel and is notable for its Severn Bore (a tidal bore), ...
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england.c-33.2d45c5e5-83b6-4a82-941a-bd86809366b5
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england.c-33
{ "id": "england.c-33", "content": "The Secretary of State for Justice is the minister responsible to Parliament for the judiciary, the court system and prisons and probation in England.[98] Crime increased between 1981 and 1995 but fell by 42% in the period 1995–2006.[99] The prison population doubled over the sam...
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england.c-37.5fbb692b-b54d-409b-8a05-b85a4ee1cabf
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england.c-37
{ "id": "england.c-37", "content": "The Malvern Hills located in the English counties of Worcestershire and Herefordshire. The hills have been designated by the Countryside Agency as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.\nGeographically, England includes the central and southern two-thirds of the island of Great B...
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england.c-3.2851f1ab-da15-4f5e-9ab4-d0e0251c3abd
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england.c-3
{ "id": "england.c-3", "content": "England's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. The country's capital is London, the...
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england.c-44.570a85f0-4619-47ce-a6de-727649792407
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england.c-44
{ "id": "england.c-44", "content": "Red deer in Richmond Park. The park was created by Charles I in the 17th century as a deer park.[125]\nEngland has a temperate oceanic climate in most areas, lacking extremes of cold or heat, but does have a few small areas of subarctic and warmer areas in the South West. Towards...
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england.c-26.a269680a-a2df-4977-822d-bd3c38c4592c
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england.c-26
{ "id": "england.c-26", "content": "During the Industrial Revolution, many workers moved from England's countryside to new and expanding urban industrial areas to work in factories, for instance at Birmingham and Manchester,[69] with the latter the world's first industrial city.[70] England maintained relative stab...
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england.c-27.c230f225-7210-4d04-8b80-6779535a0f8d
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england.c-27
{ "id": "england.c-27", "content": "multi-storey square industrial buildings beyond a river\nThe Battle of Trafalgar was a naval engagement between the Royal Navy and the combined fleets of France and Spain during the Napoleonic Wars.[74]\nLondon became the largest and most populous metropolitan area in the world d...
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england.c-38.1d6d1c20-a1a7-4536-9f10-5d4d0da1a22c
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england.c-38
{ "id": "england.c-38", "content": "The ports of London, Liverpool, and Newcastle lie on the tidal rivers Thames, Mersey and Tyne respectively. At 220 miles (350 km), the Severn is the longest river flowing through England.[110] It empties into the Bristol Channel and is notable for its Severn Bore (a tidal bore), ...
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