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91b5e145-57f2-5307-99e4-eafd75643de4 | The concentration of a specific gas in solution depends on which of the following? | Temperature of the solution | Volume of the system | Solubility of the specific gas in that solution | Molecular weight of the gas | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
7b7f7b61-6bd1-500b-bfa7-dcef7ae8a213 | Which of the following statements is true about the partial pressure of a gas at equilibrium? | Directly proportional to its concentration of gas in solution | Inversely proportional to its concentration of gas in solution | Less than its concentration of gas in solution | Greater than its concentration of gas in solution | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
dd9833d1-8058-5dfc-a9d8-962d9f4c4590 | A vaporizer is mishandled and accidentally tipped on its side. Which of the following is the best course of action to take? | Run high fresh gas flows with the dial set to a high concentration for 30 minutes. | Run high fresh gas flows with the dial set to a low concentration for 30 minutes. | Run low fresh gas flows with the dial set to a low concentration for 30 minutes. | Run low fresh gas flows with the dial set to a high concentration for 30 minutes. | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
973f2910-489a-5526-9d89-4bc72a61abd5 | Which of the following would increase the output concentration of a volatile anesthetic from a vaporizer? | Fresh gas flow rate of 100 mL/min | Fresh gas flow rate of 20 L/min | Decreased operating room temperature | Significantly increasing the ratio of oxygen to nitrous oxide | 4 | D | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
b06f7854-4598-50c5-b336-2e7aa2245657 | To decrease temperature fluctuations while delivering an anesthetic agent, manufacturers seek to use vaporizer materials that have which of the following properties? | Low specific heat, high thermal conductivity | Low specific heat, low thermal conductivity | High specific heat, high thermal conductivity | High specific heat, low thermal conductivity | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
32890c9f-ed1d-53a6-a2bb-7aa6f8d1863c | 6. A portable E-cylinder of oxygen has 1760 psig. In approximately what time frame will the cylinder be depleted if used at 8 L/min? | 30 minutes | 45 minutes | 60 minutes | 85 minutes | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
02200767-785c-5405-811c-45402a212a8c | Which of the following statements defines the critical temperature? | The temperature at which a liquid will boil | The highest temperature at which a gas can exist in liquid form | The temperature at which a substance can exist as a gas or liquid | The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
3ed86ad8-b15d-5ffb-8627-58d0fc19307e | Which of the following describes the partial pressure of inhaled anesthetics in the central nervous system (CNS), blood, and alveoli at equilibrium? | CNS partial pressure (PCNS) = blood partial pressure (Pblood) = alveolar partial pressure (Palveolar) | PCNS > Pblood = Palveolar | PCNS < Pblood = Palveolar | PCNS = Pblood < Palveolar | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
56cca7ab-f77c-55dd-a356-be20fb69494d | Which of the following would increase the rate of rise of Fa/Fi? | A high blood:gas solubility | A high cardiac output | A low minute ventilation | A high anesthetic concentration | 4 | D | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
5d35be6f-8e8f-57d8-9970-401c6ab6dbde | After an 8-hour general anesthetic case with volatile agents, which tissue group plays the greatest role in determining emergence time? | Vessel-rich tissue | Muscle | Fat | Each is equal | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
9c871117-866d-5180-b574-9d5a76869d09 | Which of the following is the purpose of the check valve on the anesthesia machine? | To prevent hypoxic gas mixtures | To prevent gas flow from the common gas outlet to the vaporizers | To prevent overly high flows of oxygen | To ensure adequate ratios of oxygen to nitrogen | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
153813d4-2c91-58f1-b2a9-bbc97b09b3c7 | Which of the following flowmeter arrangements would be the most likely to lead to a hypoxic gas mixture? | N2O, Air, O2 | Air, N2O, O2 | N2O, O2 , Air | O2 , Air, N2O | 4 | D | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
63ae411c-c39b-5859-b15b-ae5a462a8de0 | Standards for basic anesthetic monitoring during general anesthesia include which of the following? | Continuous display of MAC | Continuous display of electrocardiogram | Continuous display of tidal volume | Continuous display of temperature | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
a6682a0f-c8d7-5a35-82af-6d86b6745c8b | 14. Which of the following would cause an abrupt decrease in the end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2 ) during general anesthesia? | Hyperthermia | Sepsis | Shivering | Pulmonary embolism | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
7b01c1e5-3864-5353-ac9a-c8cf239784f1 | To mitigate the effects of attenuation during ultrasonography, an anesthesiologist would perform which of the following maneuvers? | Use a low-frequency signal. | Use a high-frequency signal. | Increase the amplitude. | Decrease the amplitude. | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
d2d5b941-ade8-5cda-bc81-f8f75ee3fff0 | To maximize the axial resolution of an ultrasound image, an anesthesiologist would use which of the following? | Long pulses of low frequency | Long pulses of high frequency | Short pulses of low frequency | Short pulses of high frequency | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
f75f92fb-09ee-5221-ad78-a45b9843aa66 | Flow proportioning systems of anesthesia machines were designed to prevent which of the following? | Inconsistent proportions of volatile anesthetic gases | Hypoxic mixtures of nitrogen and oxygen | Inaccurate proportions of gas flow to the common gas outlet | Direct communication between the high-pressure and low-pressure circuits | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
5e0e2fcf-3cbd-524e-b668-2227f04235dd | Which of the following devices prevents the delivery of a hypoxic mixture by ensuring appropriate connections from the hospitals' pipeline gas supply to the anesthesia machine? | Second-stage oxygen pressure regulator | Pin Index Safety System | Diameter Index Safety System | Check valve | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
3ef1ad1f-0ac0-5a9b-86db-276712ae597a | An isolated power system (IPS) acts to prevent which of the following situations? | Prevention of operating room power loss | Prevention of an ungrounded operating room | Prevention of macroshock | Prevention of microshock | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
1694adaa-ae5d-585d-a9fa-8e6e2ecb6a1d | All of the following are functions of the equipment ground wire EXCEPT which one? | Provides a low-resistance path for fault currents to decrease the risk of macroshock. | Minimizes leakage currents that may cause microshock in certain patients. | Provides information to the line isolation monitor on the status of an ungroundedsystem. | Acts to eliminate the need for ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCIs). | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
395ec59d-53f2-53ef-a6f1-bd06e381a35a | When preparing to place a thoracic epidural, you palpate the inferior border of the scapula. This landmark corresponds to which level of the vertebral column? | C7-T1 | T4-T6 | T10-T11 | T7-T8 | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
b0bdc414-3df4-5a76-82a9-402dc61685c9 | Assuming normal anatomy, which of the following landmarks is appropriate for gaining subclavian venous access? | Needle insertion medial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, just medial to the carotid artery | Needle insertion above the inguinal ligament, lateral to the femoral artery | Needle insertion at the midpoint of the clavicle with the needle directed toward the suprasternal notch | Needle insertion at the lateral border of the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the interscalene groove | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
85e6ea56-9a47-55c0-be3a-525ce8ca3849 | While providing anesthesia for a 15-month-old, 5-kg girl undergoing strabismus surgery, you notice that the patient suddenly becomes hypotensive and bradycardic while the surgeons are applying direct pressure to the globe. Despite release of pressure, the patient continues to be hypotensive and bradycardic. After treatment with atropine, the patient becomes normotensive | CN VII | CN VI | CN V | CN III | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
1bb76e22-6dbf-5b17-bbdf-0e6cde9f9440 | Which of the following treatments for glaucoma has been shown to increase the duration of action of succinylcholine? | Echothiophate | Dipivefrin | Betaxolol | Cyclopentolate | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
fac72e79-03f6-520b-94c2-4c09500cf391 | 5. The muscles of the larynx are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve EXCEPT which of the following? | Thyroarytenoid | Thyroepiglotticus | Cricothyroid | Transverse arytenoids | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
f269a857-d01c-54fc-9dee-79434cd5ac5f | The glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) provides sensory innervation to all of the following structures EXCEPT which one? | Posterior 1/3 of tongue | Rostral epiglottis | Pharynx | Vocal cords | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
2815d069-33eb-5903-98fd-bba277c9880f | Which of the following structures would be effectively anesthetized by injection of lidocaine into the anterior tonsillar pillars bilaterally? | Soft palate and oropharynx | Anterior 2/3 of tongue | Hypopharynx | Vocal cords | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
e82630e5-5655-5e26-aceb-4ae986e17222 | Which of the following structures would be effectively anesthetized by injection of lidocaine inferior to the greater cornu of the hyoid bone? | Recurrent laryngeal nerve | Glossopharyngeal nerve | Superior laryngeal nerve, internal branch | Superior laryngeal nerve, external branch | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
3a35c4f4-622e-5782-867f-66a4f6360dd2 | While performing a preoperative assessment of your patient, you note that on recent transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) there was abnormal movement of the inferior wall with increased heart rates, whereas all other portions were noted to move normally. Which of the following arteries most likely has a stenotic lesion? | Posterior descending artery | Left circumflex artery | Left anterior descending artery | Right coronary artery | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
fe9576d7-21e1-5104-9404-571502b8ab06 | The leaflets of the aortic valve are named which of the following? | Anterior and posterior | Anterior, posterior, and septal | Right coronary, left coronary, and noncoronary | Right, left, and anterior | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
af8092ac-0458-5cdb-9d74-b15e5cd49855 | The nipple line is at what dermatomal level? | T2 | T4 | T6 | T8 | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
d2f697e1-d0dd-59e9-8589-cfe77118d01b | 12. In regard to the trachea, all of the following are true EXCEPT which one? | Normally half of the trachea is intrathoracic and half is extrathoracic. | Normal tracheal movement in an adult can result in endotracheal movement of 4 cm with neck flexion and extension. | The tracheal rings are located anteriorly. | The trachea is the only part of the bronchial tree that does not participate in gas exchange. | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
08775008-8a33-5102-8fa0-d6851bb113f9 | During bronchoscopy, where does the right upper lobe bronchus usually take off? | 5 cm past the carina | Located farther away from the carina than the lingular bronchus on the left | 2.5 cm past the carina | It has little anatomic variation | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
9e243fc2-c65a-5125-9b28-60ad4fef2afc | You are taking care of a 10-month-old boy presenting for bilateral orchiopexy. You plan to perform a caudal block for postoperative pain. All of the following | Posterior superior iliac spines (PSISs) | Sacral ala | Sacral cornu | Sacral hiatus | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
736d2755-56de-5381-9dee-0d5c7b69801b | When performing a single-shot caudal block, you must first pierce through which ligament? | Sacrococcygeal | Sacrotuberous | Sacrospinous | Sacroiliac | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
6192c7db-cbfe-5281-9fc2-809ecc0bfaab | All of the following are true of the femoral triangle EXCEPT which one? | Superior border: formed by the inguinal ligament | Lateral border: formed by the medial border of the sartorius muscle | Medial border: formed by the medial border of the adductor longus muscle | Medial to lateral structures: femoral nerve, artery, vein, lymphatics | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
22f45e15-f332-5ee7-b53b-31f00d263e85 | A fracture of the proximal humerus can result in all of the following EXCEPT which one? | Inability to abduct the arm at the shoulder | Decreased sensation over the shoulder | Wrist drop | Atrophy of shoulder muscles | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
6a4e87ba-ca75-5fec-bc7c-72be52fc70c9 | What is the anatomic location of the cords of the brachial plexus? | Above the clavicle, at the lateral border of the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle | At the clavicle, lateral to the subclavian artery | Below the clavicle, closely related to the axillary artery | Below the clavicle, closely related to the axillary vein | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
923b60a5-ccbe-5da1-92ff-37743121ba9f | 19. You are taking care of a 27-year-old G3P2 woman for whom you placed an epidural in early labor. Her labor has progressed slowly and she has been pushing for many hours. She ultimately has an unremarkable vaginal delivery of a health baby boy. The epidural is removed post delivery and she is eventually sent to the floor. During postdelivery rounds the next day, the patient complains of continued numbness on the anterolateral aspect of her thighs | Obturator nerve | Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve | Femoral nerve | Sciatic nerve | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
cf7c7a94-baf5-5694-a608-a9418004cccc | While in preparation for placement of a central line, you perform ultrasonography on the patient's neck and notice the internal jugular vein (IJV) overlying the common carotid artery. Which of the following maneuvers will aid in decreasing the overlap between the IJV and the common carotid artery? | Neck flexion | Trendelenburg position | Rotation of head 0°-45° to contralateral side | Ultrasound probe placement toward clavicle | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
09fc3a23-8f56-5191-8781-bfae88b876e9 | After performing an interscalene block, your patient complains of pain in his fourth and fifth digits. Which dermatomes are not adequately covered with an interscalene block? | C5-C6 | C6-C7 | C7-C8 | C8-T1 | 4 | D | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
d3ff6708-11e5-58a5-b377-a2448ca5bd40 | During neuraxial blockade, the level of sympathetic blockade is generally how far away from the sensory level? | 1-2 dermatomes above | 4-6 dermatomes above | 1-2 dermatomes below | 4-6 dermatomes below | 5 | A | 1 | 0 dermatome change | null | null | null | null |
29606f86-158c-5a24-86de-a1343e2ee011 | During neuraxial blockade, the level of sensory blockade, in general, is how many dermatomes away from the level of motor blockade? | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 5 | B | 1 | 8 | null | null | null | null |
865af3ff-862c-5a85-9ef5-0c0cfc6b101d | Cutaneous infiltration of a local anesthetic to block the intercostobrachial nerve provides anesthesia to which dermatome(s)? | C7 | C8 | T1 | T2 | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
35c554b2-cd69-5675-ba31-099039e4d867 | 5. Each respiratory center is correctly paired with its function EXCEPT which one of the following? | Dorsal respiratory center: provides ventilatory rate | Ventral respiratory center: coordinates exhalation | Apneustic center: prolongs exhalation via signals to ventral respiratory center | Pneumotaxic center: limits inspiration | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
2032b2c8-3eb2-54e0-8797-08534577715a | All of the following are examples of reflex or higher cortical structures that exert an influence on the respiratory centers/control of respiration EXCEPT which one? | Cough reflex | Hering-Breuer reflex | Reticular activating system | Bezold-Jarisch reflex | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
97f809bf-a993-5342-9831-e9a9eae6485c | Carotid body chemoreceptors communicate with the respiratory centers via which nerve? | Trigeminal | Glossopharyngeal | Vagus | Hypoglossal | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
6995bf51-9581-51f7-ab1c-33b79e791702 | An infarct involving the hypothalamus would most likely result from occlusion of which artery? | Anterior spinal artery | Vertebral artery | Anterior cerebral artery | Middle cerebral artery | 5 | C | 1 | Posterior cerebral artery | null | null | null | null |
74bd2e46-7993-5c35-9e9b-1a7f20d47e08 | Regarding the gray matter in the spinal cord, all of the following are correct EXCEPT which one? | Consists of neurons, neuronal processes, and neuroglia | Butterfly or H-shaped | Categorized into columns and laminae | Ratio of gray to white matter is least at the cervical and lumbar regions | 5 | D | 1 | Each of the 10 Rexed laminae involved in sensory or motor pathways | null | null | null | null |
126a46d7-fa30-512a-b2c3-cbef3adde1c6 | Which of the following pathways carries fibers that control fine touch, vibration, proprioception, and pressure? | Dorsal column | Spinothalamic | Corticospinal | Reticulospinal | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
f30de17e-a6e8-520d-b339-f3b2cba25d6a | All of the following are true regarding the descending motor tracts EXCEPT which one? | They originate in either the cerebral cortex or brainstem. | The pathways are generally made of a two-neuron system. | The upper motor neuron fibers target lower motor neurons of the spinal cord or cranial nerves. | They are involved in assisting with voluntary movement. | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
e5e45454-6538-59cb-97e4-19d6427552e5 | 12. Which of the following pathways carries fibers that are involved in pain and temperature sensation? | Dorsal column | Spinothalamic | Corticospinal | Reticulospinal | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
a6820714-00fb-546c-a5d2-248f8903545a | The main functions of the meninges include all of the following EXCEPT which one? | Protecting the brain and spinal cord from mechanical injury | Providing blood supply to the skull and to the hemispheres | Providing a space for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) | Producing cerebral spinal fluid | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
a1a6eb22-5b13-59e8-8642-763fb60c9dd4 | Which layer of the meninges is pain sensitive? | Dura | Pia | Arachnoid | Subarachnoid | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
570c8fe6-c573-5d23-9a4e-6dcf2e55b832 | What is the potential space between the arachnoid and pia mater? | Epidural | Subarachnoid | Subdural | Arachnoid | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
e3235d11-f2ab-552a-a6ce-d074d45645a6 | What is the potential space between the dura and arachnoid mater? | Epidural | Subarachnoid | Subdural | Arachnoid | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
c8d76b17-7cda-5d99-b7f0-98204bf38a06 | Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), in the absence of intracranial pathology, is MOST closely correlated with which parameter? | Intracranial pressure (ICP) | Central venous pressure (CVP) | Cerebral blood volume (CBV) | Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
00cbec32-84d9-5d6b-8c90-c0f29bcf6af1 | Which of the following situations has the least significant effect on cerebral blood flow (CBF)? | PaCO2 of 80 | Temperature of 34°C | Increased blood viscosity | Acute metabolic acidosis | 4 | D | 3 | null | null | null | null | null |
e148fa89-5803-5d0c-9dd2-6b316609b463 | In regard to cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate (CMR), and volatile anesthetics, which of the following is a potential detrimental adverse effect? | Increase in blood flow and a decrease in metabolic demand | Increase in ICP | Redistribution of blood flow away from ischemic areas of brain | Decreased formation of cerebral spinal fluid | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
f66f0d22-a5d8-5c5f-82e5-c47be09d5f46 | All of the following medications can be used to decrease elevated ICP EXCEPT which one? | Hypertonic saline | Furosemide | Propofol | Ketamine | 5 | D | 1 | Acetazolamide | null | null | null | null |
aed05d49-45a0-5065-9955-f73a29dbaf91 | Which of the following agents can cause an increase in CBF and CMRO2? | Nitrous oxide | Desflurane | Halothane | Sevoflurane | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
dd131f4e-4745-54e1-be7b-6d4be7e5cdaf | Which of the following inhalational agents facilitates CSF absorption? | Halothane | Isoflurane | Sevoflurane | Desflurane | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
2c804769-637b-561f-b146-b26f5eb6792a | 24. Clinical goals for preventing or limiting neuronal tissue damage include all of the following EXCEPT which one? | Optimizing CPP | Decreasing metabolic requirements (basal and electrical) | Limiting effects of mediators of cellular injury | Tight glucose control | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
5d482672-b41c-52fe-b3e7-0a93af667977 | What is the approximate total CSF volume? | 350-500 mL | 100-150 mL | 200-250 mL | 50-100 mL | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
b735c3f9-cb00-5741-ab8c-d9e95f162768 | Which of the following pairings is correct with respect to the production or absorption of CSF? | Choroid plexus; cerebral venous sinuses | Arachnoid villi; third ventricle | Choroid plexus; subarachnoid space | Choroid plexus; lateral ventricles | 5 | A | 1 | Arachnoid villi; lateral ventricles | null | null | null | null |
4b66a71e-bbc5-54c5-8861-f51a2ede0d18 | All of these medications decrease CSF production EXCEPT which one? | Acetazolamide | Furosemide | Thiopental | Ketamine | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
14ebb09e-da7f-5465-8b88-fc78181c5fe0 | Which of the following inhalational agents impedes CSF absorption? | Halothane | Isoflurane | Sevoflurane | Desflurane | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
aa34c33f-3192-5ab5-ac02-52f206b67475 | Which intravenous (IV) anesthetic has been shown to provide some protection against focal ischemia? | Phenobarbital | Propofol | Etomidate | Fentanyl | 5 | A | 1 | Midazolam | null | null | null | null |
0ba277bc-95e8-53a6-b5db-672860213bbd | In patients undergoing neurosurgery, all of the following are acceptable ventilator strategies EXCEPT which one? | Tidal volumes 6-8 cc/kg | Peak pressure <30 cm H2O | High positive end expiratory pressure | Avoidance of hypoventilation | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
b2b50b7d-017b-5d5d-aef5-e779d0a7b8f3 | All of the following are acceptable ways to decrease elevated ICP EXCEPT which one? | Total IV anesthesia | Mannitol administration | Opioid administration | Elevation of the head of the bed | 4 | C | 2 | null | null | null | null | null |
92d4161d-68d0-54c5-ab93-fb015e6af773 | In regard to skeletal muscle contraction, all of the following are true EXCEPT which one? | Calcium triggers contraction by reaction with regulatory proteins that, in the absence of calcium, prevent interaction of actin and myosin. | Calcium entry into nerve terminals triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft. | The binding of calcium to actin controls the movement of tropomyosin. | Myosin head releases ADP and Pi and triggers the power stroke of muscle contraction. | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
d195090d-0375-5738-91fd-d492253a9c5a | All of the following are potential substrates for immediately replenishing ATP within the muscle fiber EXCEPT which one? | Creatine phosphate | Glycogen | Free fatty acids (FFA) | Lactate | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
8e38fa1e-147c-59c1-9dbc-36a77ead502d | Binding of which molecule(s) is required for the myosin head to release its binding to actin? | ATP | GTP | ADP | cAMP | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
59bf5fef-587d-547a-85d6-e2e4fc4b2cb1 | Activation of which opioid receptor types can provide relief from opioidinduced itching? | Mu | Delta | Sigma | Kappa | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
aa1c69a7-eccd-547e-8c53-ca507a1b9746 | Which of the following drugs does not exhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism? | Methadone | Meperidine | Ketamine | Memantine | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
79ef2655-96ec-5188-a5e2-f30453b8b475 | Which of the following conditions describes the process of activation of Aβ fibers via tactile, nonnoxious stimuli causing inhibition of interneurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, leading to inhibition of pain signals transmitted via C fibers? | Stimulation produces analgesia | Stress-induced analgesia | Gate control theory | Hyperanalgesia | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
08fe1498-4d78-5063-bd67-353f8ece61d0 | Which of the following statements is false with regard to the pain experience of elderly patients as compared with younger patients? | Elderly patients may be undertreated because of stoicism or perceived different pain threshold. | Elderly patients may be more likely to experience confusion and delirium from treatment with opioids. | Elderly patients metabolize drugs more effectively than younger patients. | Neuraxial techniques can help circumvent the use of systemic opioids. | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
c2677c61-b853-511f-b616-e7a78ff05544 | 39. Which of the following statements most accurately describes the Monro-Kellie doctrine? | Given the nondistensible cranial vault, the volume of blood, CSF, and brain tissue must be in equilibrium to maintain ICP and CPP. | The cranial vault is distensible; therefore, there is adequate room for a spaceoccupying lesion without altering ICP. | Given the nondistensible cranial vault, brain tissue and CSF must remain in equilibrium to maintain ICP. CSF volume has no impact. | There is no relationship between brain tissue, CSF, and CBV and ICP. | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
c9237784-9be5-5fb2-a239-fef05adb1a8f | Which of the following is the most ubiquitous material in the epidural space? | Veins | Arteries | Fat | Lymphatics | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
1508a61e-f88d-5758-bb01-d0448cf55b3e | Which of the following is a typical tidal volume (TV) range during quiet breathing? | 4-6 mL/kg | 6-8 mL/kg | 8-10 mL/kg | 10-12 mL/kg | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
c320143f-956d-57fc-930c-5f5ce57a4f79 | Forced expiratory volume within the first second divided by forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) is typically greater than or equal to which one of the following? | 75% | 65% | 55% | 45% | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
468f58a5-5507-5678-9330-2bb12836095f | FVC is normally equal to which one of the following? | Inspiratory capacity (IC) | Vital capacity (VC) | Functional residual capacity (FRC) | Total lung capacity (TLC) | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
f45c2d64-8790-57dd-89bd-7dc73309cdb8 | Which lung volume is the primary determinant of oxygen reserve when apnea | Inspiratory capacity | Vital capacity | Functional residual capacity | Total lung capacity | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
bce6237a-96f2-5338-a5e8-db4112de5b9f | What is the name of the lung volume at passive end expiration? | Residual volume (RV) | Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) | Vital capacity (VC) | Functional residual capacity (FRC) | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
a1a92318-3036-5e3e-91d6-e13d117760d5 | 6. What volumes comprise TLC? | Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) + TV + ERV | IRV + TV | ERV + RV | VC + RV | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
de918ad8-d562-5617-aa56-8833e6486d65 | What volumes comprise IC? | IRV + TV + ERV | IRV + TV | ERV + RV | VC + RV | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
23de4414-73eb-546c-b9e4-3a488905992b | What volumes comprise FRC? | IRV + TV + ERV | IRV + TV | ERV + RV | VC + RV | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
bb6afd84-ef43-5261-83ab-ae5ad2a90dc4 | Which of the following statements is false regarding maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV)? | MVV is the largest volume that can be breathed in 1 minute voluntarily. | MVV measures the endurance of ventilatory muscles. | MVV is increased in patients with restrictive disease. | MVV is decreased in patients with obstructive disease. | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
cb0d389b-ebaa-5baf-9243-9e3791883dcc | Which of the following statements is false regarding FRC? | FRC increases 10% when a healthy subject lies down. | When FRC decreases, increased venous admixture results in arterial hypoxemia. | The midportion of the pulmonary volume-pressure curve at FRC defines lung compliance. | FRC may be used to quantify the degree of pulmonary restriction. | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
67398cd4-f0b3-50e1-9ce1-26744ba4cf12 | The amount of net pressure required for inflation of an alveolus is dependent on which of the following? | Surface tension | Density of gas | Radius of the alveolus | A and C | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
6c963083-c759-53ba-9484-9b1b1f15e95d | Which of the following "laws" describes the pressure required within the alveolus to remain inflated? | Laplace's law | Boyle's law | The ideal gas law | Henry's law | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
91fe16ba-c5a4-5236-838c-fb845036eedd | Which type of alveolar cells produces surfactant? | Type I | Type II | Type III | Type IV | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
d1a16d6d-04b6-5a9c-85b6-1aaefa963037 | Type II alveolar cells: | Produce surfactant in the lungs | Modulate local electrolyte balance | Provide for immunologic lung defense | A and B | 5 | D | 1 | All of the above | null | null | null | null |
4adc80db-f79f-5763-8307-d7c5a4bebb4d | Which of the following is/are depicted in a flow-volume loop? | Total lung capacity | Functional residual capacity | Tidal volume | All of the above | 4 | D | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
43b27697-7fab-5d14-9d9b-cd35f63544d1 | Which of the following statements about flow-volume loops is false? | Shape and peak airflow rates during expiration at high lung volumes are effort dependent. | Flow-volume loops provide more precise and useful information in the diagnosis of upper airway and extrathoracic obstruction compared with MRI. | A flow-volume loop graphically demonstrates the flow generated during a forced expiratory maneuver followed by a forced inspiratory maneuver, plotted against the volume of gas expired. | Flow-volume loops provide information about total lung volume, TV, FRC, and RV. | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
f7e7cab0-7025-5119-b625-aa9fcf6414ba | Which of the following pulmonary structures participates in gas exchange? | Tnal bronchioles | Alveoli | Alveolar ducts | A and B | 5 | E | 1 | B and C | null | null | null | null |
8a7f4f56-f904-544b-a71f-ebdb49e8fbdf | Which of the following statements regarding the distribution of ventilation in | There is an alveolar pressure gradient in the lung. | The negative intrapleural pressure results in more distended alveoli at the base of the lung. | More ventilation is delivered to dependent pulmonary areas. | The largest portion of TV reaches the apex of the lung. | 4 | C | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
8efe0c5c-710e-5d6e-b7ad-1bbf2e9c6d76 | Which of the following statements regarding the distribution of blood flow in the lung is false? | Blood flow into the lung is mainly gravity dependent. | West Zone 1 is the most gravity-dependent portion of the lung. | Blood flow depends on the relationship between pulmonary artery pressure, alveolar pressure, and pulmonary venous pressure. | West Zone 1 receives ventilation in the absence of perfusion. | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
791d9d32-2d41-518e-99ba-dd5f43326968 | Select the correct relationship between the pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa), alveolar pressure (PA), and pulmonary venous pressure (Ppv) in West Zone 3: | Ppa > Ppv > PA | Ppa = Ppv = PA | Ppa > PA > Ppv | PA > Ppa > Ppv | 4 | A | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
7c7ab101-5a97-5fd5-8d2e-a3050b99683f | The ideal V/Q ratio of 1 is believed to occur at approximately the level of which one of the following? | First rib | Third rib | Fifth rib | Seventh rib | 4 | B | 1 | null | null | null | null | null |
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Dataset Description
AnesBench is designed to assess anesthesiology-related reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). It provides bilingual (English and Chinese) anesthesiology questions across two separate files. Each question is labeled with a three-level categorization of cognitive demands based on dual-process theory (System 1, System 1.x, and System 2), enabling evaluation of LLMs' knowledge, application, and clinical reasoning abilities across diverse linguistic contexts.
| Subset | File | Total | System 1 | System 1.x | System 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | anesbench_en.json |
4,343 | 2,960 | 1,028 | 355 |
| Chinese | anesbench_zh.json |
3,529 | 2,784 | 534 | 211 |
JSON Sample
English (anesbench_en.json):
{
"id": "91b5e145-57f2-5307-99e4-eafd75643de4",
"question": "The concentration of a specific gas in solution depends on which of the following?",
"A": "Temperature of the solution",
"B": "Volume of the system",
"C": "Solubility of the specific gas in that solution",
"D": "Molecular weight of the gas",
"choice_num": 4,
"target": "C",
"category": 1
}
Chinese (anesbench_zh.json):
{
"A": "替代治疗",
"B": "手术治疗",
"C": "对症治疗",
"D": "静脉输注糖皮质激素",
"E": "补充盐皮质激素",
"id": "78587bd9-f3f6-4118-b6eb-95ed7c91a0ec",
"question": "Addison病抢救的主要措施是",
"choice_num": 5,
"target": "D",
"category": 1
}
Field Explanations
| Field | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
id |
string | A randomly generated ID using UUID |
question |
string | The question stem |
A–I |
string | Answer options (from A up to the total number of options) |
choice_num |
int | The number of options in this question |
target |
string | The correct answer to this question |
category |
int | The cognitive demand category of the question (1 = System 1, 2 = System 1.x, 3 = System 2) |
Cognitive Demand Categories
| Category | Label | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | System 1 | Fast, intuitive recall of factual knowledge |
| 2 | System 1.x | Pattern recognition and application of learned rules |
| 3 | System 2 | Deliberate, analytical clinical reasoning |
Recommended Usage
- Question Answering: QA in a zero-shot or few-shot setting, where the question is fed into a QA system. Accuracy should be used as the evaluation metric.
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