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aialt
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MedINST32

@inproceedings{han2024medinst,
  title={MedINST: Meta Dataset of Biomedical Instructions},
  author={Han, Wenhan and Fang, Meng and Zhang, Zihan and Yin, Yu and Song, Zirui and Chen, Ling and Pechenizkiy, Mykola and Chen, Qingyu},
  booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024",
  year={2024}
}

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Paper for aialt/MedINST32

MedINST: Meta Dataset of Biomedical Instructions

Paper • 2410.13458 • Published Oct 17, 2024 • 7

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You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Absence of effect of prenatal ethanol on adult emotionality and ethanol consumption in rats. Lower peak blood ethanol concentrations after 1 and 2 g of ethanol per kg were found in pregnant rats than in virgin females. No significant differences in adult "emotionality" or ethanol consumption were found in rats exposed ...	[blood <Organism_substance>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Sox9 neural crest determinant gene controls patterning and closure of the posterior frontal cranial suture. Cranial suture development involves a complex interaction of genes and tissues derived from neural crest cells (NCC) and paraxial mesoderm. In mice, the posterior frontal (PF) suture closes during the first month...	[neural crest <Tissue>] [posterior frontal cranial suture <Multi-tissue_structure>] [Cranial suture <Multi-tissue_structure>] [tissues <Tissue>] [neural crest cells <Cell>] [NCC <Cell>] [paraxial mesoderm <Multi-tissue_structure>] [posterior frontal (PF) suture <Multi-tissue_structure>] [sutures <Multi-tissue_structure...	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Definition of pathogens It remains difficult to determine whether the organisms detected by the DNA Detection Kit are true pathogens. This also applies, although to a much lesser degree, to conventional blood culture analysis. However, detected organisms were considered to be pathogens if the results of culture tests f...	[blood <Organism_substance>] [blood <Organism_substance>] [sputum <Organism_substance>] [urine <Organism_substance>] [pus <Organism_substance>] [fluid <Organism_substance>] [blood <Organism_substance>] [blood <Organism_substance>] [malignant lymphoma <Pathological_formation>] [ML <Pathological_formation>] [blood <Organ...	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Determination of eprosartan in human plasma and urine by LC/MS/MS. A protein precipitation, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the determination of eprosartan in human plasma and urine. The solvent system also served as a protein precipitation reagent. ...	[plasma <Organism_substance>] [urine <Organism_substance>] [plasma <Organism_substance>] [urine <Organism_substance>] [plasma <Organism_substance>] [urine <Organism_substance>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Discussion Among adolescent boys in Chapaevsk, Russia, higher serum levels of sum of dioxin-like compounds and sum of dioxin TEQs were positively associated with increased age, consumption of fish, local meats other than chicken, and inversely with weeks of gestation. The age association was found despite a narrow age ...	[serum <Organism_substance>] [meats <Organism_subdivision>] [blood <Organism_substance>] [serum <Organism_substance>] [serum <Organism_substance>] [serum <Organism_substance>] [serum sample <Organism_substance>] [fetal <Developing_anatomical_structure>] [blood samples <Organism_substance>] [samples <Organism_substance>...	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Induction of apoptosis in skeletal tissues: phosphate-mediated chick chondrocyte apoptosis is calcium dependent. In an earlier study, we have shown that Pi induced apoptosis of terminally differentiated hypertrophic chondrocytes. To ascertain whether Ca2+ modulates Pi-induced cell death, we asked the following two ques...	[skeletal tissues <Tissue>] [chondrocyte <Cell>] [chondrocytes <Cell>] [cell <Cell>] [cell <Cell>] [chondrocyte <Cell>] [mitochondrial <Cellular_component>] [cells <Cell>] [chondrocyte <Cell>] [cell <Cell>] [cell <Cell>] [cell <Cell>] [mitochondrial <Cellular_component>] [mitochondrial membrane <Cellular_component>] [m...	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Confocal and scanning microscopic images of mammoth's and human hair. Taphonomic changes, indicated by arrow-heads and straight white arrow in the confocal image. Bacterial-fungal colonies are shown by broken arrows. Red arrow indicates space between cuticle and hair shaft due to shrinkage. Extensive taphonomic changes...	[hair <Multi-tissue_structure>] [hair shaft <Multi-tissue_structure>] [hair <Multi-tissue_structure>] [hair <Multi-tissue_structure>] [hair <Multi-tissue_structure>] [hair <Multi-tissue_structure>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	[Biotechnological and biomedical aspects of production and study of metal cation-phospholipid complexes]. Problems relating to the technology of a phospholipid preparation from natural materials, liposome production, and studies into the mechanisms of interaction between metal (trace elements) cations and model bilayer...	[bilayer lipid membranes <Cellular_component>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	[Treatment of squamous intraepithelial lesion of type CIN2 et CIN3 with laser CO2 vaporization: retrospective study of 52 cases]. OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out over an 8-year period in order to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of laser CO2 vaporization in the treatment of squamous intraepithelial lesion of...	[squamous intraepithelial lesion <Pathological_formation>] [squamous intraepithelial lesion <Pathological_formation>] [cervical lesions <Pathological_formation>] [exo-cervical lesions <Pathological_formation>] [lesions <Pathological_formation>] [lesion <Pathological_formation>] [exocervical lesions <Pathological_format...	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Abbreviations Ac-DEVD-AMC = N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin; Ac-DEVD-CHO = N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde; COX = cyclooxygenase; Deltapsim = mitochondrial membrane potential; DAPI = 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; DMEM = Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ...	[mitochondrial membrane <Cellular_component>] [fetal <Developing_anatomical_structure>] [serum <Organism_substance>] [FLS <Cell>] [fibroblast-like synoviocytes <Cell>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	MoClo cloning protocol Restriction-ligations were set up by pipetting in one tube approximately 40 fmol (~100 ng of DNA for a 4 kb plasmid) of each DNA component (PCR product or plasmid), 10 U of the required restriction enzyme (BsaI or BpiI) and 10 U T4 DNA ligase (using high concentration ligase, 20 U/microl) in Prom...	[DH10b cells <Cell>] [cells <Cell>] [competent cells <Cell>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	(a) Schematic drawing of the magnetic tweezers. A DNA molecule is attached at one end to the bottom of the flow cell and at the other end to a magnetic bead. This molecule can be pulled and twisted using small magnets placed above the flow cell. The position of the magnetic bead is measured using an inverted microscope...	[cell <Cell>] [cell <Cell>] [cell <Cell>] [plectonemes <Cellular_component>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Epstein-Barr virus-associated nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: undifferentiated "lymphoepithelioma-like" carcinoma as a distinct entity with better prognosis. BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) has been demonstrated in some ethnic groups. The pathobiology and the role of...	[nonsmall cell lung carcinoma <Pathological_formation>] ["lymphoepithelioma-like" carcinoma <Pathological_formation>] [nonsmall cell lung carcinoma <Pathological_formation>] [NSCLC <Pathological_formation>] [tumors <Pathological_formation>] [NSCLC <Pathological_formation>] [nasopharyngeal carcinoma <Pathological_format...	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	An unusual case of benign mucous membrane pemphigoid. This case of benign mucous membrane pemphigoid (BMMP) is unusual in that blistering, scarring lesions were confined to the skin for 15 years before mucous membranes were involved. The onset of this disorder at the age of 38 is also unusual. Detailed immunological in...	[mucous membrane <Multi-tissue_structure>] [mucous membrane <Multi-tissue_structure>] [lesions <Pathological_formation>] [skin <Organ>] [mucous membranes <Multi-tissue_structure>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Heart sound and electrocardiogram recording devices for telemedicine environments. There is currently a worldwide trend to bring healthcare services as close as possible to the patient, either through home healthcare systems, or telemedicine. There is thus a general need for equipment that can capture patient data elec...	[Heart <Organ>] [cardiovascular <Anatomical_system>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Introduction Hip fractures in the aged constitute a major health problem with substantial morbidity [1], mortality [2, 3], and, as the ageing population increases, an increasing burden on the health care system [4]. Fracture risk varies markedly between countries [5]. In a study by Kanis et al. [6], comparing 10-year p...	[Hip <Organism_subdivision>] [hip <Organism_subdivision>] [hip <Organism_subdivision>] [hip <Organism_subdivision>] [hip <Organism_subdivision>] [hip <Organism_subdivision>] [hip <Organism_subdivision>] [hip <Organism_subdivision>] [hip <Organism_subdivision>] [hip <Organism_subdivision>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Linn) in rats. The hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) root powder were examined in hypercholesterolaemic male albino rats. A 4-week administration of GG root powder (5 and 10 gm% in diet) to hypercholesterolaemic ra...	[root <Organ>] [root <Organ>] [plasma <Organism_substance>] [hepatic <Organ>] [plasma <Organism_substance>] [fecal <Organism_substance>] [hepatic <Organ>] [root <Organ>] [hepatic <Organ>] [root <Organ>] [fecal matter <Organism_substance>] [hepatic <Organ>] [hepatic <Organ>] [root <Organ>] [plasma <Organism_substance>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis. The mean (90% CI) slope estimate from the linezolid concentration-R-R interval analysis was -0.0017 (-0.0022 to -0.0011) ms/ng/ml. This translates to mean (90% CI) predicted decreases in heart rate of approximately 1.5 (1.0 to 2.0) and 3.0 (2.1 to 4.1) beats/min at the mean Cma...	[heart <Organ>] [heart <Organ>] [heart <Organ>] [plasma <Organism_substance>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Sickle cell disease: continuous arterial spin-labeling perfusion MR imaging in children. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured with continuous arterial spin-labeling perfusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in 14 children with sickle cell disease and seven control subjects. Mean CBF values were higher in patients (P ...	[Sickle cell <Cell>] [arterial <Multi-tissue_structure>] [Cerebral <Organ>] [blood <Organism_substance>] [arterial <Multi-tissue_structure>] [sickle cell <Cell>] [cerebral artery <Multi-tissue_structure>] [right anterior <Multi-tissue_structure>] [cerebral artery <Multi-tissue_structure>] [right hemisphere <Organism_su...	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	A generative model for image segmentation based on label fusion. We propose a nonparametric, probabilistic model for the automatic segmentation of medical images, given a training set of images and corresponding label maps. The resulting inference algorithms rely on pairwise registrations between the test image and ind...	[brain <Organ>] [white matter <Multi-tissue_structure>] [cerebral cortex <Multi-tissue_structure>] [ventricles <Multi-tissue_structure>] [subcortical structures <Multi-tissue_structure>] [brain <Organ>] [brain <Organ>] [hippocampal <Multi-tissue_structure>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Acute ablation of Langerhans cells enhances skin immune responses. Understanding the function of Langerhans cells (LCs) in vivo has been complicated by conflicting results from LC-deficient mice. Human Langerin-DTA mice constitutively lack LCs and develop exaggerated contact hypersensitivity (CHS) responses. Murine Lan...	[Langerhans cells <Cell>] [skin <Organ>] [Langerhans cells <Cell>] [LCs <Cell>] [LC <Cell>] [LCs <Cell>] [LCs <Cell>] [Langerin(+) dermal dendritic cells <Cell>] [dDCs <Cell>] [Langerin(+) dDCs <Cell>] [skin <Organ>] [LCs <Cell>] [LCs <Cell>] [LC <Cell>] [LCs <Cell>] [Langerin(+) dDCs <Cell>] [LCs <Cell>] [LC <Cell>] [...	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Basilar papilla The basilar papilla is found in a recess that opens into the saccular space at one end, and is limited by a thin contact membrane at the other. The contact membrane separates the endolymphatic fluid in the papillar recess from the perilymphatic fluid at the round window (Lewis and Narins 1999; Wever 198...	[Basilar papilla <Multi-tissue_structure>] [basilar papilla <Multi-tissue_structure>] [saccular space <Immaterial_anatomical_entity>] [contact membrane <Multi-tissue_structure>] [contact membrane <Multi-tissue_structure>] [endolymphatic fluid <Organism_substance>] [papillar <Multi-tissue_structure>] [perilymphatic flui...	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Oesophageal candidiasis and croup in a child with defective neutrophil motility. Severe oesophageal candidiasis and croup due to involvement of the larynx developed insidiously in a girl aged 20 months. There had been delayed separation of the umbilical cord and repeated infections associated with a defect of neutrophi...	[Oesophageal <Organ>] [neutrophil <Cell>] [oesophageal <Organ>] [larynx <Multi-tissue_structure>] [neutrophil <Cell>] [oesophagus <Organ>] [oesophageal <Organ>] [neutrophil <Cell>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Immunoglobulins associated with elevated riboflavin binding by plasma from cancer patients. Plasma from 182 patients with different malignant diseases was tested for riboflavin binding by immunoglobulins, which have been recently identified as major carriers of this micronutrient. A wide range of binding (5.9 to 130 pm...	[plasma <Organism_substance>] [cancer <Pathological_formation>] [Plasma <Organism_substance>] [breast cancer <Pathological_formation>] [melanoma <Pathological_formation>] [plasma <Organism_substance>] [urinary <Organism_substance>] [cancer <Pathological_formation>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Neural network analysis of spectroscopic data of lycopene and beta-carotene content in food samples compared to HPLC-UV-vis. In this study a neural network (NN) model was designed to predict lycopene and beta-carotene concentrations in food samples, combined with a simple and fast technique, such as UV-vis spectroscopy...	[concentrate <Organism_substance>] [juice <Organism_substance>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Inhibition of calmodulin-dependent myosin light-chain kinase by growth-hormone-releasing factor and vasoactive intestinal peptide. In view of the ability of calmodulin to bind vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and growth-hormone-releasing factor (GRF) with high affinity [Stallwood, Brugger, Baggenstoss, Stemmer, Shir...	[intestinal <Multi-tissue_structure>] [intestinal <Multi-tissue_structure>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Oscillatory alpha-band mechanisms and the deployment of spatial attention to anticipated auditory and visual target locations: supramodal or sensory-specific control mechanisms? Oscillatory alpha-band activity (8-15 Hz) over parieto-occipital cortex in humans plays an important role in suppression of processing for inp...	[parieto-occipital cortex <Multi-tissue_structure>] [cortex <Multi-tissue_structure>] [lesion <Pathological_formation>] [parietal regions <Organism_subdivision>] [parietal lobes <Multi-tissue_structure>] [neural <Multi-tissue_structure>] [scalp <Multi-tissue_structure>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Abdominal approach for the ligation of bleeding oesophageal varices. The conventional surgical treatment of bleeding oesophageal varices in the emergency situation is based upon the Boerema-Crile operation of transthoracic oesophagotomy and ligation of the varices. This and the other methods of treatment of this condit...	[Abdominal <Organism_subdivision>] [oesophageal varices <Multi-tissue_structure>] [oesophageal varices <Multi-tissue_structure>] [transthoracic <Organism_subdivision>] [varices <Multi-tissue_structure>] [transabdominal <Organism_subdivision>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	The LHRH pulse generator: a mediobasal hypothalamic location. The location and mechanism of LHRH pulse generator are discussed based on our series of experiments. Suckling stimulus is a novel stimulus that inhibits LH pulses without any cooperation from ovarian steroids, unlike other stimuli such as stress, photoperiod...	[mediobasal hypothalamic <Multi-tissue_structure>] [ovarian <Organ>] [mediobasal hypothalamus <Multi-tissue_structure>] [fetal brain tissue <Tissue>] [nerve terminal <Multi-tissue_structure>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Neurologic diagnosis and treatment in patients with computed tomography and nasal endoscopy negative facial pain. OBJECTIVE: To determine the helpfulness of specialist neurology referral for patients with facial pain, a normal sinus computed tomography (CT) scan, and normal nasal endoscopy findings. STUDY DESIGN: Prosp...	[nasal <Organism_subdivision>] [facial <Organism_subdivision>] [facial <Organism_subdivision>] [sinus <Immaterial_anatomical_entity>] [nasal <Organism_subdivision>] [facial <Organism_subdivision>] [sinus <Immaterial_anatomical_entity>] [nasal <Organism_subdivision>] [sinus <Immaterial_anatomical_entity>] [intracranial ...	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Neutrophil function in chronic neutrophilic leukemia: defective respiratory burst in response to phorbol esters. Functional analyses were performed on neutrophils isolated from 6 patients from two institutions who displayed features of chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL). These neutrophils demonstrated a consistent def...	[Neutrophil <Cell>] [neutrophilic <Cell>] [respiratory <Anatomical_system>] [neutrophils <Cell>] [neutrophilic <Cell>] [neutrophils <Cell>] [plasma <Organism_substance>] [neutrophils <Cell>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Conclusions Myocardial ischaemia during DCMR is independently predictive of cardiac events among patients with previous myocardial revascularisation.	[Myocardial <Multi-tissue_structure>] [cardiac <Organ>] [myocardial <Multi-tissue_structure>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Endoscopic injection therapy for acute upper GI bleeding. In summary, we have found this technique to be useful in patients in whom coagulation therapy is not possible or effective. It must still be considered a technique which is undergoing evaluation. Prospective randomized trials comparing this therapy with other cu...	[upper GI <Organism_subdivision>] [upper GI <Organism_subdivision>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	3.2. Molecular Mechanisms Mediating the Perinatal Beta-Cell Adaptive Response to Early-Life Stressors Molecular mechanisms responsible for impaired beta-cell mass formation after IUCR or IUPR have come under investigation. First, it has been proposed that IUCR can result in a reduction of the embryonic beta-cell progen...	[Beta-Cell <Cell>] [beta-cell <Cell>] [embryonic beta-cell <Cell>] [beta-cell <Cell>] [pancreatic <Organ>] [fetal <Developing_anatomical_structure>] [beta-cell <Cell>] [pancreatic <Organ>] [embryonic <Developing_anatomical_structure>] [beta-cell <Cell>] [beta-cell <Cell>] [islet <Multi-tissue_structure>] [beta-cell <Ce...	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Percutaneous coronary intervention for the very late stent thrombosis in right coronary artery. A: a balloon angioplasty was performed to treat total occlusion of the stented right coronary artery. B: final coronary angiogram showed good distal flow without residual stenosis.	[coronary <Multi-tissue_structure>] [right coronary artery <Multi-tissue_structure>] [right coronary artery <Multi-tissue_structure>] [coronary <Multi-tissue_structure>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Sensitivity analysis of the influence of source-term and environmental parameters on the radiological risk of coal-fired plants. A sensitivity analysis was undertaken to determine the influence of different source-term and environmental parameters on the radiological risks from a coal-fired plant (CFP). It was found th...	[body organs <Organ>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Involvement of de novo ceramide synthesis in radiocontrast-induced renal tubular cell injury. We reported previously that various radiocontrast media cause apoptosis in porcine proximal tubular (LLC-PK(1)) cells, in which reduction in B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2 expression and caspase-3 activation are implicated. In the pr...	[renal tubular cell <Cell>] [proximal tubular (LLC-PK(1)) cells <Cell>] [renal tubular cells <Cell>] [LLC-PK(1) cells <Cell>] [Cell <Cell>] [renal <Organ>] [renal <Organ>] [cell <Cell>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	Results primary pancreatic sarcomas are extremely rare. Pancreatic sarcomas are more aggressive than other pancreatic neoplasms.	[pancreatic sarcomas <Pathological_formation>] [Pancreatic sarcomas <Pathological_formation>] [pancreatic neoplasms <Pathological_formation>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative--part IV: membranes for CRRT. The extracorporeal membrane used in a continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for the treatment of a critically ill patient with acute renal failure (ARF) is vitally important for several reasons, including its influence on biocompatibility and fil...	[membranes <Multi-tissue_structure>] [extracorporeal membrane <Multi-tissue_structure>] [renal <Organ>] [renal <Organ>] [membrane <Multi-tissue_structure>] [membrane <Multi-tissue_structure>] [membranes <Multi-tissue_structure>]	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...
You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Organism_subdiv...	[Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva: case report and literature review]. We describe the case of a patient in whom evaluation of effort angina revealed a tight stenosis of a right coronary artery anomalously arising from the left sinus of Valsalva, which was successfully treat...	[right coronary artery <Multi-tissue_structure>] [sinus <Immaterial_anatomical_entity>] [right coronary artery <Multi-tissue_structure>] [sinus <Immaterial_anatomical_entity>] [right coronary artery <Multi-tissue_structure>] [aortic sinus <Immaterial_anatomical_entity>] [aorta <Multi-tissue_structure>] [pulmonary trunk...	[ [ "You are provided with a text. Your objective is to identify, extract and classify all anatomical entities mentioned in the text, maintaining the order in which they appear. Types are [Pathological_formation, Organ, Tissue, Multi-tissue_structure, Developing_anatomical_structure, Cell, Anatomical_system, Orga...