Dataset Viewer
Auto-converted to Parquet Duplicate
original_text
stringlengths
250
1.74k
scrambled_text_random
stringlengths
258
1.98k
scrambled_text_alphabetical
stringlengths
258
1.98k
scrambled_text_numerical
stringlengths
258
1.98k
Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical of all justifications for authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including nation-states, and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state with stateless socie...
advocates, institutions, maintain, anarchism, reading, on, movement, of, free, and, abolish, that, as, of, is, the, of, and, as, the, movement, including, capitalism, nation, is, movement, of, voluntary, societies, the, a, placed, socialist, it, usually, stateless, this, the, spectrum, to, claims, justifications, autho...
a, a, abolish, advocates, all, anarchism, anarchism, anarchism, and, and, and, and, and, as, as, associations, authority, capitalism, claims, coercion, described, farthest, for, for, free, hierarchy, historically, including, institutions, is, is, is, it, justifications, left, left, libertarian, libertarian, maintain, m...
a, a, as, as, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, all, and, and, and, and, and, for, for, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, free, left, left, that, this, wing, wing, with, seeks, state, claims, nation, placed, states, abolish, reading, usually, coercion, farthest, maintain, movement, movement, movement, spectr...
A, or a, is the first letter and the first vowel of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is a (pronounced ), plural aes. It is similar in shape to the Ancient Greek letter Alpha, from which it derives. The up...
of, the, alphabet, a, languages, middle, in, greek, is, vowel, also, the, it, in, alphabet, from, the, crossed, and, in, and, to, western, is, in, the, slanting, derives, be, other, is, pronounced, forms, sides, the, double, which, in, or, the, its, first, alpha, latter, consists, bar, is, horizontal, it, handwriting, ...
a, a, a, a, a, a, aes, alpha, alphabet, alphabet, alphabets, also, ancient, and, and, and, and, and, bar, based, be, be, by, by, can, children, commonly, consists, crossed, derives, double, english, english, especially, european, first, first, fonts, fonts, forms, found, from, greek, handwriting, horizontal, in, in, in...
a, a, a, a, a, a, ɑ, be, be, by, by, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, on, or, to, to, aes, and, and, and, and, and, bar, can, its, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, two, also, from, name, read, type, used, used, alpha, based, first, first, fonts,...
Alabama () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered by Tennessee to the north; Georgia to the east; Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south; and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th largest by area and the 24th-most populous of the U.S. states.
30th, populous, u, united, and, area, alabama, georgia, a, largest, alabama, 24th, state, s, to, states, the, is, the, states, the, the, east, of, bordered, the, of, and, mexico, mississippi, the, by, is, north, of, south, the, region, in, most, florida, by, west, the, the, to, to, tennessee, the, southeastern, to, gul...
24th, 30th, a, alabama, alabama, and, and, and, area, bordered, by, by, east, florida, georgia, gulf, in, is, is, largest, mexico, mississippi, most, north, of, of, of, populous, region, s, south, southeastern, state, states, states, tennessee, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, to, to, to, u, united...
a, s, u, by, by, in, is, is, of, of, of, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, 24th, 30th, area, east, gulf, most, west, north, south, state, mexico, region, states, states, united, alabama, alabama, florida, georgia, largest, bordered, populous, tennessee, mississippi, southe...
In Greek mythology, Achilles ( ) or Achilleus () was a hero of the Trojan War who was known as being the greatest of all the Greek warriors. A central character in Homer's Iliad, he was the son of the Nereid Thetis and Peleus, king of Phthia and famous Argonaut. Achilles was raised in Phthia along his childhood compani...
tribe, achilles, his, in, character, of, a, in, iliad, the, famous, son, the, thetis, a, was, was, childhood, or, education, of, as, being, is, greatest, central, hero, known, of, nereid, along, of, mythical, and, the, argonaut, iliad, peleus, the, his, the, the, commander, myrmidons, all, received, and, trojan, raised...
a, a, achilles, achilles, achilleus, all, along, and, and, and, argonaut, as, as, being, by, centaur, central, character, childhood, chiron, commander, companion, education, famous, greatest, greek, greek, he, he, hero, his, his, homer, iliad, iliad, in, in, in, in, is, king, known, myrmidons, mythical, mythology, nere...
a, a, s, as, as, by, he, he, in, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, all, and, and, and, his, his, son, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, was, was, was, was, who, hero, king, along, being, greek, greek, homer, iliad, iliad, known, tribe, chiron, famous, nereid, peleus, phthia, phthia, raise...
Abraham Lincoln ( ; February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American lawyer, politician, and statesman who served as the 16th president of the United States from 1861 until his assassination in 1865. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in ...
lincoln, statesman, the, the, constitutional, s, to, union, as, 1865, american, assassination, 1865, modernizing, was, the, power, who, through, until, lawyer, and, american, government, nation, served, and, and, succeeded, insurgent, the, the, 1861, abolishing, war, april, 15, slavery, federal, the, from, in, abraham,...
12, 15, 16th, 1809, 1861, 1865, 1865, a, abolishing, abraham, american, american, an, and, and, and, april, as, as, assassination, civil, confederacy, constitutional, defeating, defend, economy, expanding, february, federal, from, government, his, in, in, insurgent, lawyer, led, lincoln, lincoln, modernizing, nation, o...
a, s, u, 12, 15, an, as, as, in, in, of, of, to, and, and, and, his, led, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, was, who, 16th, 1809, 1861, 1865, 1865, from, april, civil, power, union, union, until, defend, lawyer, nation, served, states, united, abraham, economy, federal, lincoln, lincoln, slavery, throug...
Aristotle (; Aristotélēs, ; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath. His writings cover a broad range of subjects spanning the natural sciences, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology and the arts. As the founder of the Peripatetic school of philosophy in the Lyceum in Athens, he be...
polymath, the, aristotélēs, psychology, and, ancient, athens, subjects, peripatetic, an, and, natural, as, lyceum, greek, broad, the, bc, the, writings, aristotle, the, set, a, of, followed, of, was, linguistics, politics, modern, wider, groundwork, the, of, philosophy, philosopher, 322, 384, science, the, the, school,...
322, 384, a, an, ancient, and, and, aristotelian, aristotle, aristotélēs, arts, as, athens, bc, began, broad, cover, development, economics, followed, for, founder, greek, groundwork, he, his, in, in, linguistics, lyceum, modern, natural, of, of, of, of, peripatetic, philosopher, philosophy, philosophy, politics, polym...
a, an, as, bc, he, in, in, of, of, of, of, 322, 384, and, and, for, his, set, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, arts, that, began, broad, cover, greek, range, which, wider, athens, lyceum, modern, school, ancient, founder, natural, science, followed, politics, polymath, sciences, spanning, subjects, writings...
An American in Paris is a jazz-influenced symphonic poem (or tone poem) for orchestra by American composer George Gershwin first performed in 1928. It was inspired by the time that Gershwin had spent in Paris and evokes the sights and energy of the French capital during the .
paris, orchestra, in, jazz, inspired, poem, of, composer, it, in, the, influenced, gershwin, poem, tone, and, for, a, by, george, the, the, american, an, 1928, evokes, symphonic, paris, gershwin, and, energy, during, was, spent, that, time, by, american, first, the, or, sights, had, capital, french, in, performed, is
1928, a, american, american, an, and, and, by, by, capital, composer, during, energy, evokes, first, for, french, george, gershwin, gershwin, had, in, in, in, influenced, inspired, is, it, jazz, of, or, orchestra, paris, paris, performed, poem, poem, sights, spent, symphonic, that, the, the, the, the, time, tone, was
a, an, by, by, in, in, in, is, it, of, or, and, and, for, had, the, the, the, the, was, 1928, jazz, poem, poem, that, time, tone, first, paris, paris, spent, during, energy, evokes, french, george, sights, capital, american, american, composer, gershwin, gershwin, inspired, orchestra, performed, symphonic, influenced
The Academy Award for Best Production Design recognizes achievement for art direction in film. The category's original name was Best Art Direction, but was changed to its current name in 2012 for the 85th Academy Awards. This change resulted from the Art Directors' branch of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Scien...
name, original, sciences, the, art, film, change, the, it, its, of, for, changed, in, recognizes, directors, designers, direction, film, production, the, to, best, art, the, decorators, in, best, is, branch, was, motion, branch, and, for, best, the, interior, academy, shared, in, from, the, category, current, 2012, pic...
1947, 2012, 85th, a, academy, academy, academy, achievement, ampas, and, art, art, art, arts, award, award, awarded, awards, being, best, best, best, branch, branch, but, category, change, changed, current, decorators, design, design, designers, direction, direction, directors, film, film, for, for, for, from, in, in, ...
a, s, in, in, in, is, is, it, of, of, to, to, and, art, art, art, but, for, for, for, its, set, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, 1947, 2012, 85th, arts, best, best, best, film, film, from, name, name, this, with, ampas, award, award, being, since, awards, branch, branch, change, design, design, mo...
The Academy Awards, mainly known as the Oscars, are awards for artistic and technical merit for the film industry. They are presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences located in Beverly Hills, California, United States, in recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the...
prestigious, regarded, located, the, awards, known, are, academy, awards, mainly, and, and, merit, of, awards, united, in, industry, the, film, sciences, the, states, hills, for, awards, in, california, academy, as, the, oscar, picture, entertainment, worldwide, s, membership, the, they, technical, the, are, the, and, ...
a, academy, academy, academy, academy, achievements, and, and, and, annually, are, are, are, art, artistic, arts, as, as, as, assessed, awards, awards, awards, awards, beverly, by, by, by, california, cinematic, deco, depicts, entertainment, excellence, film, for, for, hills, in, in, in, in, in, in, industry, industry,...
a, s, as, as, as, by, by, by, in, in, in, in, in, in, of, of, and, and, and, are, are, are, art, for, for, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, arts, deco, film, many, most, they, hills, known, merit, oscar, style, awards, awards, awards, awards, knight, mainly, motion, oscars, states, states, united,...
Actresses (Catalan: Actrius) is a 1997 Catalan language Spanish drama film produced and directed by Ventura Pons and based on the award-winning stage play E.R. by Josep Maria Benet i Jornet. The film has no male actors, with all roles played by females. The film was produced in 1996.
catalan, catalan, maria, 1996, the, winning, and, by, josep, film, females, film, actresses, with, in, 1997, actors, r, roles, produced, a, award, by, by, and, played, e, benet, drama, based, stage, play, pons, jornet, the, male, was, language, actrius, the, on, spanish, all, no, produced, ventura, film, has, directed,...
1996, 1997, a, actors, actresses, actrius, all, and, and, award, based, benet, by, by, by, catalan, catalan, directed, drama, e, females, film, film, film, has, i, in, is, jornet, josep, language, male, maria, no, on, play, played, pons, produced, produced, r, roles, spanish, stage, the, the, the, ventura, was, winning...
a, e, i, r, by, by, by, in, is, no, on, all, and, and, has, the, the, the, was, 1996, 1997, film, film, film, male, play, pons, with, award, based, benet, drama, josep, maria, roles, stage, actors, jornet, played, actrius, catalan, catalan, females, spanish, ventura, winning, directed, language, produced, produced, act...
Animalia is an illustrated children's book by Graeme Base. It was originally published in 1986, followed by a tenth anniversary edition in 1996, and a 25th anniversary edition in 2012. Over four million copies have been sold worldwide. A special numbered and signed anniversary edition was also published in 1996, with a...
1996, edition, anniversary, book, s, 25th, signed, 1986, numbered, anniversary, special, was, also, four, a, anniversary, gold, jacket, a, base, and, sold, been, children, 2012, an, copies, and, illustrated, was, graeme, published, million, over, is, worldwide, in, an, followed, published, 1996, in, edition, a, edition...
1986, 1996, 1996, 2012, 25th, a, a, a, also, an, an, and, and, animalia, anniversary, anniversary, anniversary, base, been, book, by, by, children, copies, edition, edition, edition, embossed, followed, four, gold, graeme, have, illustrated, in, in, in, in, is, it, jacket, million, numbered, originally, over, published...
a, a, a, s, an, an, by, by, in, in, in, in, is, it, and, and, was, was, 1986, 1996, 1996, 2012, 25th, also, base, been, book, four, gold, have, over, sold, with, tenth, copies, graeme, jacket, signed, edition, edition, edition, million, special, animalia, children, embossed, followed, numbered, published, published, wo...
International Atomic Time (abbreviated TAI, from its French name ) is a high-precision atomic coordinate time standard based on the notional passage of proper time on Earth's geoid. TAI is a weighted average of the time kept by over 450 atomic clocks in over 80 national laboratories worldwide. It is a continuous scale ...
leap, high, epoch, a, and, of, has, of, the, seconds, coordinate, basis, abbreviated, 450, average, scale, precision, is, over, kept, and, coordinated, in, international, surface, the, clocks, based, utc, it, from, with, over, the, time, a, realisation, which, 80, timekeeping, time, proper, is, earth, used, civil, labo...
450, 80, a, a, a, a, abbreviated, all, and, and, atomic, atomic, atomic, average, based, basis, by, civil, clocks, continuous, coordinate, coordinated, earth, earth, epoch, fixed, for, for, french, from, geoid, has, high, in, international, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, it, its, kept, laboratories, leap, leap, name, ...
a, a, a, a, s, s, 80, by, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, 450, all, and, and, for, for, has, its, tai, tai, the, the, the, the, the, utc, from, high, kept, leap, leap, name, over, over, over, time, time, time, time, time, time, time, used, with, based, basis, civil, earth, earth, epo...
Altruism is the principle and practice of concern for the well-being and/or happiness of other humans or animals. While objects of altruistic concern vary, it is an important moral value in many cultures and religions. It may be considered a synonym of selflessness, the opposite of selfishness.
selfishness, religions, other, cultures, or, altruistic, well, the, the, the, a, may, is, moral, of, opposite, concern, of, selflessness, be, of, an, in, while, is, objects, and, principle, and, it, value, for, it, concern, vary, considered, of, many, or, of, and, synonym, important, humans, practice, animals, altruism...
a, altruism, altruistic, an, and, and, and, animals, be, being, concern, concern, considered, cultures, for, happiness, humans, important, in, is, is, it, it, many, may, moral, objects, of, of, of, of, of, opposite, or, or, other, practice, principle, religions, selfishness, selflessness, synonym, the, the, the, value,...
a, an, be, in, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, and, and, and, for, may, the, the, the, many, vary, well, being, moral, other, value, while, humans, animals, concern, concern, objects, synonym, altruism, cultures, opposite, practice, happiness, important, principle, religions, altruistic, considered, selfish...
Alice O'Connor (born Alisa Zinovyevna Rosenbaum; , 1905 – March 6, 1982), better known by her pen name Ayn Rand (), was a Russian-born American writer and public philosopher. She is known for her fiction and for developing a philosophical system she named Objectivism. Born and educated in Russia, she moved to the Unite...
rand, best, she, fountainhead, born, united, born, she, in, zinovyevna, ayn, to, 1926, her, and, published, death, several, and, novel, and, she, was, after, atlas, rand, for, a, russian, developing, in, plays, were, better, to, periodicals, her, pen, afterward, rosenbaum, in, 1905, philosophy, publishing, she, philoso...
1905, 1926, 1943, 1957, 1982, 1982, 6, a, a, achieved, after, afterward, alice, alisa, american, and, and, and, and, and, atlas, ayn, best, better, born, born, born, broadway, by, collections, connor, death, developing, early, educated, essays, fame, fiction, fiction, for, for, fountainhead, her, her, her, her, her, he...
6, a, a, o, by, in, in, in, in, is, of, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, ayn, for, for, her, her, her, her, her, her, her, non, own, pen, she, she, she, she, she, the, the, the, two, two, was, 1905, 1926, 1943, 1957, 1982, 1982, best, born, born, born, fame, name, rand, rand, that, were, with, work, after, alice, a...
Alain Connes (; born 1 April 1947 in Draguignan) is a French mathematician, known for his contributions to the study of operator algebras and noncommutative geometry. He is a professor at the , , Ohio State University and Vanderbilt University. He was awarded the Fields Medal in 1982.
is, and, his, connes, for, contributions, vanderbilt, 1982, a, fields, university, he, is, study, university, known, in, a, mathematician, draguignan, the, was, and, the, ohio, french, awarded, the, professor, in, operator, medal, algebras, of, at, geometry, to, 1, noncommutative, alain, he, born, 1947, april, state
1, 1947, 1982, a, a, alain, algebras, and, and, april, at, awarded, born, connes, contributions, draguignan, fields, for, french, geometry, he, he, his, in, in, is, is, known, mathematician, medal, noncommutative, of, ohio, operator, professor, state, study, the, the, the, to, university, university, vanderbilt, was
1, a, a, at, he, he, in, in, is, is, of, to, and, and, for, his, the, the, the, was, 1947, 1982, born, ohio, alain, april, known, medal, state, study, connes, fields, french, awarded, algebras, geometry, operator, professor, draguignan, university, university, vanderbilt, contributions, mathematician, noncommutative
Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa. Algeria is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. It...
the, north, most, and, times, sahara, mediterranean, in, arid, 200, the, far, southeast, the, niger, making, is, the, the, geography, tenth, semi, country, it, the, algeria, people, the, to, north, part, to, the, the, algiers, most, than, africa, with, east, is, and, in, population, most, by, a, to, in, largest, domina...
200, 32nd, 44, a, a, a, africa, africa, africa, africa, algeria, algeria, algeria, algeria, algeria, algiers, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, area, area, arid, as, as, bordered, by, by, by, by, by, by, by, capital, city, coast, considered, continent, country, country, country, country, covers, democratic, dominating,...
a, a, a, s, s, s, 44, an, as, as, by, by, by, by, by, by, by, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, to, to, to, to, to, 200, and, and, and, and, and, and, far, has, sea, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, t...
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species. Social anthropology studies patterns of behavior, while cultural anthropology studies cultural meaning, including norms and va...
humans, of, the, cultural, commonly, anthropology, cultural, a, biological, in, portmanteau, linguistic, meaning, social, language, studies, concerned, humanity, while, norms, is, cultures, term, past, today, anthropology, anthropology, including, with, anthropology, biology, the, studies, species, development, of, of,...
a, and, and, and, anthropology, anthropology, anthropology, anthropology, anthropology, anthropology, behavior, behavior, biological, biological, biology, both, commonly, concerned, cultural, cultural, cultures, development, how, human, human, human, humanity, humans, in, including, including, influences, is, is, langu...
a, in, is, is, of, of, of, or, and, and, and, how, the, the, the, both, life, past, past, term, used, with, human, human, human, norms, study, today, while, humans, social, social, values, biology, meaning, present, species, studies, studies, studies, studies, behavior, behavior, commonly, cultural, cultural, cultures,...
Agricultural science (or agriscience for short) is a broad multidisciplinary field of biology that encompasses the parts of exact, natural, economic and social sciences that are used in the practice and understanding of agriculture. Professionals of the agricultural science are called agricultural scientists or agricul...
of, exact, or, encompasses, of, social, or, biology, broad, are, science, understanding, is, that, parts, the, called, a, agriscience, short, sciences, multidisciplinary, and, in, agriculturists, practice, of, professionals, are, for, science, agriculture, used, field, natural, agricultural, and, the, agricultural, tha...
a, agricultural, agricultural, agricultural, agriculture, agriculturists, agriscience, and, and, are, are, biology, broad, called, economic, encompasses, exact, field, for, in, is, multidisciplinary, natural, of, of, of, of, or, or, parts, practice, professionals, science, science, sciences, scientists, short, social, ...
a, in, is, of, of, of, of, or, or, and, and, are, are, for, the, the, the, that, that, used, broad, exact, field, parts, short, called, social, biology, natural, science, science, economic, practice, sciences, scientists, agriculture, agriscience, encompasses, agricultural, agricultural, agricultural, professionals, un...
Alchemy (from Arabic: al-kīmiyā; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, khumeía) is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition that was historically practiced in China, India, the Muslim world, and Europe. In its Western form, alchemy is first attested in a number of pseudepigraphical t...
form, was, historically, and, greco, in, pseudepigraphical, tradition, alchemy, of, alchemy, protoscientific, written, ancient, that, its, europe, china, philosophical, greek, a, arabic, from, the, texts, is, roman, the, ancient, egypt, world, few, is, philosophy, an, natural, centuries, in, during, from, number, a, pr...
a, a, ad, al, alchemy, alchemy, an, ancient, ancient, and, and, arabic, attested, branch, centuries, china, during, egypt, europe, few, first, first, form, from, from, greco, greek, historically, in, in, in, in, india, is, is, its, khumeía, kīmiyā, muslim, natural, number, of, of, philosophical, philosophy, practiced, ...
a, a, ad, al, an, in, in, in, in, is, is, of, of, and, and, few, its, the, the, was, form, from, from, that, china, egypt, first, first, greco, greek, india, roman, texts, world, arabic, branch, during, europe, kīmiyā, muslim, number, χυμεία, alchemy, alchemy, ancient, ancient, khumeía, natural, western, written, attes...
Alien primarily refers to: Alien (law), a person in a country who is not a national of that country Enemy alien, the above in times of war Extraterrestrial life, life which does not originate from Earth Specifically, a lifeform with extraterrestrial intelligence For fictional extraterrestrial life, see Extraterres...
law, alien, life, enemy, to, earth, who, primarily, life, not, alien, times, extraterrestrials, which, species, extraterrestrial, its, see, originate, native, for, does, specifically, war, species, person, intelligence, country, fictional, a, in, not, of, is, extraterrestrial, of, alien, refers, a, that, environment, a...
a, a, a, a, a, above, alien, alien, alien, country, country, does, earth, enemy, environment, extraterrestrial, extraterrestrial, extraterrestrial, extraterrestrials, fiction, fictional, for, from, in, in, in, intelligence, introduced, is, its, law, life, life, life, lifeform, national, native, not, not, not, of, of, o...
a, a, a, a, a, in, in, in, is, of, of, to, to, for, its, law, not, not, not, see, the, war, who, does, from, life, life, life, that, with, above, alien, alien, alien, earth, enemy, times, which, native, person, refers, country, country, fiction, species, species, lifeform, national, fictional, originate, primarily, int...
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. They observe astronomical objects such as stars, planets, moons, comets and galaxies – in either observational (by analyzing the data) or theoretical astronomy. Examples of topics...
of, related, observe, their, of, or, or, is, as, by, examples, scientist, is, include, as, whole, of, a, or, fields, the, an, of, a, but, which, scope, study, cosmology, the, outside, the, a, specific, stars, or, analyzing, solar, distinct, astronomer, planets, such, either, galaxies, or, they, the, comets, astronomy, ...
a, a, a, a, an, analyzing, and, as, as, astronomer, astronomers, astronomical, astronomy, astronomy, astronomy, but, by, comets, cosmology, data, distinct, earth, either, evolution, examples, field, field, fields, focuses, formation, galaxies, galaxies, in, in, include, is, is, moons, objects, observational, observe, o...
a, a, a, a, an, as, as, by, in, in, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, or, or, or, or, and, but, the, the, the, the, the, the, who, data, such, they, earth, field, field, moons, scope, solar, stars, stars, study, their, which, whole, comets, either, fields, origin, topics, focuses, include, objects, observe, outside, ...
ASCII ( ), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character encoding standard for electronic communication. ASCII codes represent text in computers, telecommunications equipment, and other devices. Because of technical limitations of computer systems at the time it was invented, ASCII...
but, code, because, devices, electronic, just, time, in, is, has, evolved, millions, invented, the, equipment, code, same, modern, 128, of, these, technical, it, code, the, ascii, severely, 95, the, as, character, to, from, computer, other, of, standard, limited, computers, its, of, represent, codes, communication, are...
128, 128, 95, a, abbreviated, american, and, are, are, as, ascii, ascii, ascii, ascii, at, because, but, character, code, code, code, codes, communication, computer, computer, computers, devices, electronic, encoding, equipment, evolved, first, for, for, from, has, has, have, in, information, interchange, invented, is,...
a, 95, as, at, in, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, to, 128, 128, and, are, are, but, for, for, has, has, its, set, the, the, the, the, use, was, code, code, code, from, have, just, only, same, text, time, ascii, ascii, ascii, ascii, codes, first, other, scope, these, which, which, which, modern, points, points, because, de...
Animation is the method that encompasses myriad filmmaking techniques, by which still images are manipulated to create moving images. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets (cels) to be photographed and exhibited on film. Animation has been recognized as an artisti...
animations, claymation, industry, images, to, medium, the, or, has, celluloid, alongside, in, these, method, artistic, entertainment, moving, in, sheets, are, generated, made, drawn, photographed, many, other, animation, specifically, animation, within, been, still, cgi, transparent, motion, continued, create, on, stop...
alongside, an, and, animation, animation, animation, animation, animations, animations, are, are, are, artistic, as, be, been, by, by, celluloid, cels, cgi, claymation, computer, computer, continued, create, drawn, encompasses, entertainment, exhibited, exist, film, filmmaking, forms, generated, hand, has, has, imagery...
an, as, be, by, by, in, in, is, on, on, or, to, to, to, and, are, are, are, cgi, has, has, the, the, been, cels, film, hand, made, many, stop, that, with, drawn, exist, forms, other, still, these, which, create, images, images, images, medium, method, motion, moving, myriad, sheets, within, imagery, painted, artistic, ...
Apollo or Apollon is one of the Olympian deities in classical Greek and Roman religion and Greek and Roman mythology. Apollo has been recognized as a god of archery, music and dance, truth and prophecy, healing and diseases, the Sun and light, poetry, and more. One of the most important and complex of the Greek gods, ...
mythology, apulu, he, apollo, and, the, truth, classical, to, of, recognized, as, the, roman, complex, a, of, in, goddess, deities, known, and, beautiful, and, the, of, apollo, mythology, and, in, or, apollon, the, zeus, or, the, and, has, youth, light, the, he, greek, as, and, sun, athletic, and, gods, and, artemis, a...
a, a, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, apollo, apollo, apollo, apollon, apulu, archery, artemis, as, as, as, athletic, be, beardless, beautiful, been, brother, classical, complex, considered, dance, deities, diseases, ephebe, etruscan, god, god, goddess, gods, greek, greek, greek, greek, has,...
a, a, as, as, as, be, he, he, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, god, god, has, one, one, son, sun, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, been, gods, hunt, leto, more, most, most, twin, zeus, apulu, dance, greek...
Andre Kirk Agassi ( ; born April 29, 1970) is an American former world No. 1 tennis player. He is an eight-time major champion and an Olympic gold medalist, as well as a runner-up in seven other majors. Agassi is widely considered one of the greatest tennis players of all time.
a, april, other, is, time, as, as, majors, greatest, andre, up, an, all, tennis, well, eight, 29, one, and, player, in, time, widely, tennis, an, an, gold, champion, american, he, agassi, 1, olympic, major, is, born, no, kirk, 1970, world, considered, seven, of, agassi, players, former, is, the, medalist, runner, of
1, 1970, 29, a, agassi, agassi, all, american, an, an, an, and, andre, april, as, as, born, champion, considered, eight, former, gold, greatest, he, in, is, is, is, kirk, major, majors, medalist, no, of, of, olympic, one, other, player, players, runner, seven, tennis, tennis, the, time, time, up, well, widely, world
1, a, 29, an, an, an, as, as, he, in, is, is, is, no, of, of, up, all, and, one, the, 1970, born, gold, kirk, time, time, well, andre, april, eight, major, other, seven, world, agassi, agassi, former, majors, player, runner, tennis, tennis, widely, olympic, players, american, champion, greatest, medalist, considered
The Austroasiatic languages are a large language family spoken throughout mainland Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Asia. These languages are natively spoken by the majority of the population in Vietnam and Cambodia, and by minority populations scattered throughout parts of Thailand, Laos, India, Myanmar, Malaysia...
autonomous, spoken, speakers, languages, throughout, people, the, the, china, the, asia, southeast, recognized, family, asia, east, historical, austroasiatic, mon, a, remainder, 22, language, vietnam, languages, laos, and, groups, only, of, of, have, while, national, and, by, wa, malaysia, in, the, languages, india, an...
117, 22, a, a, a, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, approximately, are, are, are, are, are, asia, asia, asia, austroasiatic, austroasiatic, austroasiatic, autonomous, bangladesh, be, by, by, by, cambodia, cambodia, china, considered, de, east, established, facto, family, family, groups, have, have, historical...
a, a, a, s, 22, an, be, by, by, by, de, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, no, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, wa, wa, 117, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, are, are, mon, mon, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, two, asia, asia, asia, east, have, have, laos,...
The Afroasiatic languages (or Afro-Asiatic, sometimes Afrasian), also known as Hamito-Semitic or Semito-Hamitic, are a language family (or "phylum") of about 400 languages spoken predominantly in West Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahara and Sahel. Over 500 million people are native speakers ...
those, european, continent, indigenous, sahel, the, over, congo, also, the, or, predominantly, niger, vast, of, into, after, of, and, are, language, horn, including, semitic, the, and, branches, afrasian, constituting, of, and, linguists, the, are, of, branch, not, omotic, of, six, asiatic, largest, in, the, africa, se...
400, 500, a, about, afrasian, africa, africa, african, afro, afroasiatic, afroasiatic, afroasiatic, after, all, also, an, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, as, asia, asiatic, belonging, berber, branch, branches, chadic, congo, considered, constituting, continent, cushitic, divide, egyptian, european, family, family, f...
a, an, as, in, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, or, to, to, 400, 500, all, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, not, six, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, afro, also, asia, horn, indo, into, most, over, sino, vast, west, about, after, congo, known, niger, north, parts, sahel, those, africa, africa, berber, branch, chad...
Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra, is a sovereign landlocked country and microstate on the Iberian Peninsula, in the eastern Pyrenees, bordered by France to the north and Spain to the south. Believed to have been created by Charlemagne, Andorra was ruled by the count of Urgell until 988, when it was trans...
the, urgell, of, the, charlemagne, it, to, microstate, president, is, the, south, officially, country, transferred, capital, princes, in, andorra, was, andorra, vella, its, spain, la, bordered, have, by, diocese, principality, andorra, roman, of, catholic, to, 988, a, by, been, city, until, it, by, and, by, of, and, be...
1278, 988, a, a, and, and, and, and, andorra, andorra, andorra, andorra, been, believed, bishop, bordered, by, by, by, by, by, capital, catalonia, catholic, charlemagne, charter, city, co, count, country, created, currently, diocese, eastern, formed, france, france, have, headed, iberian, in, in, in, is, is, is, it, it...
a, a, by, by, by, by, by, co, in, in, in, is, is, is, it, it, la, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, to, to, to, 988, and, and, and, and, its, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, was, was, was, 1278, been, city, have, when, count, north, roman, ruled, south, spain, spain, until, vella, bishop, formed, franc...
In mathematics and statistics, the arithmetic mean ( ), arithmetic average, or just the mean or average (when the context is clear) is the sum of a collection of numbers divided by the count of numbers in the collection. The collection is often a set of results from an experiment, an observational study, or a survey. T...
an, the, means, the, from, a, of, a, the, arithmetic, by, mathematics, and, in, set, and, in, helps, mean, or, statistics, because, clear, sum, of, of, a, when, arithmetic, in, collection, average, it, of, mean, harmonic, average, mean, the, is, of, types, results, is, divided, an, or, the, distinguish, statistics, fro...
a, a, a, an, an, and, and, and, arithmetic, arithmetic, arithmetic, as, average, average, because, by, clear, collection, collection, collection, context, contexts, count, distinguish, divided, experiment, from, from, geometric, harmonic, helps, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, it, just, mathematics, mathematics, mean, ...
a, a, a, an, an, as, by, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, or, and, and, and, set, sum, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, from, from, just, mean, mean, mean, some, such, term, when, clear, count, helps, means, often, other, study, types, survey, average, average, because, context, di...
The American Football Conference (AFC) is one of the two conferences of the National Football League (NFL), the highest professional level of American football in the United States. The AFC and its counterpart, the National Football Conference (NFC), each contain 16 teams with 4 divisions. Both conferences were created...
conference, 2022, current, of, s, the, three, afc, american, realignments, the, divisions, the, ten, and, the, afc, the, as, league, city, a, the, football, in, are, all, have, expansions, contain, teams, afl, championship, with, conference, champions, football, the, of, conference, of, bengals, conference, afc, kansas...
16, 16, 1970, 2022, 4, a, afc, afc, afc, afc, afc, afl, afl, all, american, american, american, and, and, and, and, are, as, became, bengals, between, both, champions, championship, championship, chiefs, cincinnati, city, conference, conference, conference, conference, conferences, conferences, contain, counterpart, cr...
4, a, s, 16, 16, as, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, afc, afc, afc, afc, afc, afl, afl, all, and, and, and, and, are, for, its, new, nfc, nfc, nfl, nfl, nfl, one, ten, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, who, 1970, 2022, both, city, ea...
Animal Farm is a beast fable, in the form of a satirical allegorical novella, by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945. It tells the story of a group of anthropomorphic farm animals who rebel against their human farmer, hoping to create a society where the animals can be equal, free, and happy. Ul...
happy, 17, the, animals, august, a, can, form, of, before, pig, it, in, napoleon, a, and, of, was, farm, beast, published, against, up, it, in, the, george, on, animals, of, satirical, a, story, tells, animal, the, under, the, hoping, farm, orwell, first, rebellion, betrayed, by, to, dictatorship, where, equal, a, as, ...
17, 1945, a, a, a, a, a, a, against, allegorical, and, and, animal, animals, animals, anthropomorphic, as, as, august, bad, be, beast, before, betrayed, by, can, create, dictatorship, ends, england, equal, fable, farm, farm, farm, farmer, first, form, free, george, group, happy, hoping, human, in, in, in, is, is, it, i...
a, a, a, a, a, a, 17, as, as, be, by, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, on, to, up, and, and, bad, can, pig, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, who, 1945, ends, farm, farm, farm, form, free, beast, equal, fable, first, group, happy, human, named, rebel, state, story, tells, their, under, where, animal, august...
Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniotic, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class Amphibia. They are a paraphyletic group encompassing all tetrapods excluding the amniotes (tetrapods with an amniotic membrane, such as modern reptiles, birds, and mammals). All extant (living) amphibians belong to the subc...
as, constitute, starts, anamniotic, salamanders, amniotic, lissamphibia, in, encompassing, a, they, terrestrial, woodland, semiaquatic, living, caecilians, with, three, subclass, adapted, and, modern, typically, living, bypass, amphibians, are, species, anura, vertebrate, paraphyletic, group, fossorial, inhabit, most, ...
a, a, adaptations, adapted, all, all, amniotes, amniotic, amphibia, amphibians, amphibians, amphibians, an, anamniotic, and, and, and, animals, anura, aquatic, arboreal, are, are, as, as, as, as, be, behavioural, belong, birds, but, bypass, caecilians, class, constitute, cycle, developed, ecosystems, ectothermic, encom...
a, a, an, as, as, as, as, be, in, of, or, to, to, to, to, all, all, and, and, and, are, are, but, out, the, the, the, even, four, have, have, life, most, some, such, such, that, they, this, wide, with, with, with, with, anura, birds, class, cycle, frogs, gills, group, known, their, three, belong, bypass, extant, larvae...
Alaska ( ) is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America. It borders British Columbia and Yukon in Canada to the east and it shares a western maritime border in the Bering Strait with Russia's Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. The Chukchi and Beaufort Seas of the Arctic Ocean lie to the north and ...
of, a, pacific, exclave, and, s, northwest, columbia, beaufort, and, on, arctic, in, yukon, borders, russia, s, shares, bering, ocean, the, western, to, the, north, the, in, to, technically, u, the, is, alaska, a, strait, exclave, the, south, canada, the, autonomous, u, and, the, lie, seas, it, with, to, and, it, marit...
a, a, a, alaska, alaska, america, and, and, and, and, arctic, autonomous, beaufort, bering, border, borders, british, canada, chukchi, chukotka, columbia, contiguous, east, exclave, exclave, extremity, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, largest, lie, lies, maritime, non, north, north, northwest, ocean, ocean, of, of, of, okru...
a, a, a, s, s, s, u, u, in, in, in, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, on, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, lie, non, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, east, lies, seas, semi, with, north, north, ocean, ocean, okrug, south, state, world, yukon, alaska, alaska, arctic, bering, border, canada, russia, shares...
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. While humans s...
pigs, regions, cattle, goats, the, around, crop, whereby, ago, dominate, farming, agriculture, large, development, agriculture, began, the, based, and, least, came, grains, twentieth, agricultural, in, scale, and, of, surpluses, food, rise, of, 500, 11, and, output, civilization, planting, domesticated, live, the, for,...
000, 000, 10, 105, 11, 11, 500, ago, ago, ago, agricultural, agriculture, agriculture, agriculture, and, and, and, and, aquaculture, around, around, at, at, based, began, came, cattle, century, cities, civilization, created, crop, cultivated, development, domesticated, domesticated, dominate, enabled, encompasses, farm...
10, 11, 11, at, at, in, in, in, in, of, of, of, on, to, to, 000, 000, 105, 500, ago, ago, ago, and, and, and, and, for, key, non, the, the, the, the, was, came, crop, food, food, food, live, only, pigs, rise, that, them, were, were, based, began, goats, human, large, least, least, scale, sheep, while, world, years, yea...
Algae (, ; : alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular microalgae, such as Chlorella, Prototheca and the diatoms, to multicellular forms, s...
the, group, green, algae, it, are, for, in, most, eukaryotic, is, microalgae, the, stoneworts, is, stomata, seaweeds, lack, from, most, an, largest, up, and, water, which, alga, the, of, of, and, of, aquatic, most, included, diverse, are, algae, length, and, and, to, such, forms, spirogyra, are, complex, and, a, such, ...
a, a, a, a, alga, alga, algae, algae, algae, algae, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, aquatic, are, are, are, are, are, are, as, as, as, brown, by, called, carried, cell, charophyta, chlorella, clades, complex, complex, diatoms, distinct, distinct, diverse, division, eukaryotic, example, for, for, forms, forms, fo...
a, a, a, a, an, as, as, as, by, in, in, is, is, it, of, of, of, to, to, up, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, are, are, are, for, for, may, the, the, the, the, the, the, alga, alga, cell, from, from, grow, kelp, lack, land, many, most, most, most, such, such, such, term, that, that, that, algae, algae, ...
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedures (such as the "variation" among and between groups) used to analyze the differences among means. ANOVA was developed by the statistician Ronald Fisher. ANOVA is based on the law of total variance, where the obse...
the, in, means, or, variance, equal, to, in, difference, anova, are, variation, a, by, beyond, two, the, two, developed, other, between, the, particular, two, to, is, the, law, as, collection, total, population, is, anova, the, among, fisher, test, and, therefore, t, whether, the, its, used, variation, more, the, in, a...
a, a, a, among, among, analysis, analyze, and, and, and, anova, anova, anova, anova, anova, are, as, associated, attributable, based, between, between, beyond, by, collection, components, developed, difference, differences, different, equal, estimation, fisher, form, generalizes, groups, in, in, in, into, is, is, is, i...
a, a, a, t, as, by, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, or, to, to, to, and, and, and, are, its, law, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, two, two, was, form, into, more, more, such, test, test, test, used, used, among, among, anova, anova, anova, anova, anova, based, equal, means, means, m...
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin (a historical trivial name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carbon–carbon bonds are single. Alkanes have the general chemical form...
formula, complex, of, of, large, methane, and, alkane, that, consists, alkanes, like, atoms, which, 2, to, simplest, 5, the, tree, is, a, bonds, methylethyl, historical, single, an, or, an, alkanes, octane, carbon, name, have, alkane, called, meanings, in, of, where, tetradecane, from, organic, range, and, methyl, word...
1, 1, 2, 5, 6, a, a, acyclic, alkane, alkane, alkanes, alkanes, all, also, an, an, an, an, and, and, arbitrarily, are, arranged, atoms, bonds, called, carbon, carbon, carbon, case, chemical, chemistry, complex, complexity, consists, ethyl, formula, from, general, has, have, historical, hydrocarbon, hydrogen, in, in, in...
1, 1, 2, 5, 6, a, a, n, an, an, an, an, in, in, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, or, or, to, all, and, and, are, has, the, the, the, the, the, also, case, from, have, like, name, that, tree, atoms, bonds, ethyl, large, other, other, range, where, which, words, alkane, alkane, called, carbon, carbon, carbon, isomer, methyl, ...
United States appellate procedure involves the rules and regulations for filing appeals in state courts and federal courts. The nature of an appeal can vary greatly depending on the type of case and the rules of the court in the jurisdiction where the case was prosecuted. There are many types of standard of review for ...
review, where, was, in, court, the, regulations, the, the, however, appeals, decision, lower, as, abuse, for, de, case, and, and, begin, discretion, novo, higher, files, appeal, a, the, for, a, nature, petition, jurisdiction, of, standard, vary, can, there, to, a, for, of, an, and, procedure, the, purpose, rules, of, t...
a, a, a, abuse, an, and, and, and, and, appeal, appeals, appeals, appeals, appellate, are, as, begin, can, case, case, court, court, court, courts, courts, de, decision, depending, discretion, federal, files, filing, for, for, for, for, greatly, higher, however, in, in, involves, jurisdiction, lower, many, most, nature...
a, a, a, s, an, as, de, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, and, and, and, and, are, can, for, for, for, for, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, case, case, many, most, novo, such, type, vary, when, abuse, begin, court, court, court, files, lower, party, rules, rules, state, there, types, where, ...
An appellate court, commonly called a court of appeal(s), appeal court, court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal. In much of the world, court systems are divided into at least three levels: the trial court, which ...
least, court, primarily, basis, of, of, its, decisions, to, second, last, the, appellate, is, varying, a, in, often, appeal, to, cases, court, operate, called, appellate, facts, hears, court, supreme, court, the, testimony, hear, particular, supreme, appeal, s, court, determine, court, rules, initially, case, is, world...
a, a, a, a, a, an, an, and, and, and, any, appeal, appeal, appeal, appellate, appellate, appellate, appellate, are, at, at, basis, called, can, case, cases, commonly, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, courts, courts, decisions, determine, discretion...
a, a, a, a, a, s, s, an, an, at, at, in, is, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, or, or, or, to, to, and, and, and, any, are, can, its, law, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, case, hear, into, last, much, that, basis, cases, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, court, co...
Arraignment is a formal reading of a criminal charging document in the presence of the defendant, to inform them of the charges against them. In response to arraignment, in some jurisdictions, the accused is expected to enter a plea; in other jurisdictions, no plea is required. Acceptable pleas vary among jurisdictions...
and, contest, them, in, accused, some, pleas, required, in, nolo, pleas, other, pleas, the, setting, but, presence, them, generally, or, a, the, proceed, circumstances, a, reasons, jurisdictions, peremptory, is, the, response, the, pleas, vary, arraignment, guilty, of, formal, a, bar, the, a, plea, of, alford, the, rea...
a, a, a, a, acceptable, accused, against, alford, allowed, among, and, and, are, arraignment, arraignment, bar, but, cannot, charges, charging, circumstances, contendere, contest, criminal, defendant, document, enter, expected, formal, generally, guilty, guilty, in, in, in, in, in, in, include, inform, is, is, is, juri...
a, a, a, a, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, no, no, of, of, of, of, or, to, to, to, and, and, are, bar, but, not, out, the, the, the, the, the, the, why, nolo, plea, plea, plea, some, some, them, them, they, vary, among, enter, other, pleas, pleas, pleas, pleas, trial, alford, cannot, formal, guilty, guilty, inform...
Assistive technology (AT) is a term for assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices for people with disabilities and the elderly. Disabled people often have difficulty performing activities of daily living (ADLs) independently, or even with assistance. ADLs are self-care activities that include toileting, mobility ...
term, unable, can, disabled, assistive, who, with, personal, dressing, effects, for, and, recovering, technology, or, costs, tasks, daily, so, to, lifestyle, greater, and, who, ability, assistive, independence, devices, access, have, who, assistive, challenges, strokes, cannot, critical, do, or, experience, people, bat...
a, a, a, ability, access, accomplish, accomplish, accomplishing, activities, activities, adaptive, adls, adls, adls, affect, allowing, ambulation, ameliorate, an, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, assist, assistance, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, assistive, ...
a, a, a, an, an, at, be, by, by, do, in, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, or, or, or, or, so, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, can, can, can, can, due, for, for, for, for, for, had, the, the, the, the, the, use, who, who, who, who, who, adls, adls, adls, care, care, even, feed...
The abacus (: abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a hand-operated calculating tool of unknown origin used since ancient times in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, millennia before the adoption of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system.
numeral, europe, the, or, and, tool, the, russia, frame, hindu, operated, abacus, hand, adoption, a, in, the, used, ancient, calculating, before, counting, abacuses, is, system, arabic, china, unknown, of, the, also, since, abaci, origin, ancient, east, called, millennia, a, times, near, of
a, a, abaci, abacus, abacuses, adoption, also, ancient, ancient, and, arabic, before, calculating, called, china, counting, east, europe, frame, hand, hindu, in, is, millennia, near, numeral, of, of, operated, or, origin, russia, since, system, the, the, the, the, times, tool, unknown, used
a, a, in, is, of, of, or, and, the, the, the, the, also, east, hand, near, tool, used, abaci, china, frame, hindu, since, times, abacus, arabic, before, called, europe, origin, russia, system, ancient, ancient, numeral, unknown, abacuses, adoption, counting, operated, millennia, calculating
Bitumen (, ) is an immensely viscous constituent of petroleum. Depending on its exact composition it can be a sticky, black liquid or an apparently solid mass that behaves as a liquid over very large time scales. In the U.S., the material is commonly referred to as asphalt. Whether found in natural deposits or refined ...
to, can, the, liquid, to, substance, that, scales, pitch, black, natural, ἄσφαλτος, solid, the, immensely, million, the, petroleum, pitch, or, viscous, is, derives, classed, whether, constituent, was, behaves, on, depending, material, tons, trinidad, deposits, natural, referred, greek, in, as, of, the, an, asphaltum, e...
10, 20th, a, a, a, an, an, ancient, apparently, as, as, as, asphalt, asphaltum, be, behaves, bitumen, bitumen, bitumen, black, can, century, classed, commonly, composition, constituent, contain, depending, deposit, deposits, derives, estimated, exact, found, from, from, general, greek, immensely, in, in, in, in, is, is...
a, a, a, s, u, 10, an, an, as, as, as, be, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, on, or, or, or, to, to, to, to, can, its, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, use, was, 20th, from, from, lake, mass, over, term, that, time, tons, very, word, black, exact, found, greek, large, pitch, pitch, pitch,...
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI ) is a private nonprofit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States. The organization also coordinates U.S. standards with international standards so that Amer...
for, coordinates, oversees, worldwide, states, of, products, american, consensus, that, products, standards, also, personnel, development, standards, a, is, standards, processes, american, so, the, the, with, can, s, standards, that, organization, in, nonprofit, institute, organization, united, the, u, be, internationa...
a, also, american, american, and, ansi, be, can, consensus, coordinates, development, for, in, institute, international, is, national, nonprofit, of, organization, organization, oversees, personnel, private, processes, products, products, s, services, so, standards, standards, standards, standards, states, systems, tha...
a, s, u, be, in, is, of, so, and, can, for, the, the, the, the, also, ansi, that, that, used, with, states, united, private, systems, american, american, national, oversees, products, products, services, consensus, institute, nonprofit, personnel, processes, standards, standards, standards, standards, voluntary, worldw...
Apollo 11 (July 16–24, 1969) was the American spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module Pilot Buzz Aldrin landed the Apollo Lunar Module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:17 UTC, and Armstrong became the first person to step onto the Moon's surface six hours and 39 minutes ...
and, aldrin, and, hours, 16, pilot, the, site, michael, 17, july, in, collins, lunar, utc, tranquility, flew, module, minutes, 1969, july, was, minutes, the, onto, on, landing, they, the, pilot, at, at, commander, upon, neil, minutes, s, lunar, became, aldrin, they, 21, 36, hours, landed, command, armstrong, on, as, am...
02, 11, 16, 17, 19, 1969, 1969, 20, 20, 21, 21, 24, 36, 39, 56, a, about, aldrin, aldrin, aldrin, american, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, apollo, apollo, armstrong, armstrong, armstrong, as, at, at, back, base, became, before, bring, buzz, collected, collins, columbia, columbia, command, commander, eagle, earth, e...
a, s, s, 02, 11, 16, 17, 19, 20, 20, 21, 21, 24, 36, 39, 56, as, at, at, in, of, on, on, on, on, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, for, had, him, off, six, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, utc, utc, was, 1969, 1969, back, base, buzz, flew, july, july, july, moon, moon, moon, neil, onto, sit...
Apollo 8 (December 21–27, 1968) was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first human spaceflight to reach the Moon. The crew orbited the Moon ten times without landing, and then departed safely back to Earth. These three astronauts—Frank Borman, James Lovell, and William Anders—were the first hu...
times, moon, were, spaceflight, side, and, orbited, departed, the, and, landing, to, frank, without, to, the, was, these, low, 21, crew, the, human, witness, the, borman, the, december, spacecraft, james, first, moon, orbit, then, far, apollo, the, 27, william, and, humans, astronauts, the, the, crewed, 1968, anders, l...
1968, 21, 27, 8, an, and, and, and, and, and, anders, apollo, astronauts, back, borman, crew, crewed, december, departed, earth, earth, earthrise, far, first, first, first, frank, human, humans, james, landing, leave, lovell, low, moon, moon, moon, of, orbit, orbited, photograph, reach, safely, side, spacecraft, spacef...
8, 21, 27, an, of, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, far, low, ten, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, 1968, back, crew, moon, moon, moon, side, then, were, earth, earth, first, first, first, frank, human, james, leave, orbit, reach, these, three, times, anders, apollo, borman, crewed, humans, lovell, ...
An astronaut (from the Ancient Greek (), meaning 'star', and (), meaning 'sailor') is a person trained, equipped, and deployed by a human spaceflight program to serve as a commander or crew member aboard a spacecraft. Although generally reserved for professional space travelers, the term is sometimes applied to anyon...
anyone, from, the, and, applied, space, generally, an, commander, ancient, travels, serve, greek, sailor, a, travelers, spacecraft, person, journalists, to, reserved, term, including, crew, program, a, to, into, is, sometimes, a, as, by, tourists, equipped, meaning, for, spaceflight, aboard, astronaut, politicians, or,...
a, a, a, a, aboard, although, an, ancient, and, and, and, anyone, applied, as, astronaut, by, commander, crew, deployed, equipped, for, from, generally, greek, human, including, into, is, is, journalists, meaning, meaning, member, or, person, politicians, professional, program, reserved, sailor, scientists, serve, some...
a, a, a, a, an, as, by, is, is, or, to, to, and, and, and, for, the, the, who, crew, from, into, star, term, greek, human, serve, space, space, aboard, anyone, member, person, sailor, ancient, applied, meaning, meaning, program, trained, travels, although, deployed, equipped, reserved, tourists, astronaut, commander, g...
A Modest Proposal For preventing the Children of Poor People From being a Burthen to Their Parents or Country, and For making them Beneficial to the Publick, commonly referred to as A Modest Proposal, is a Juvenalian satirical essay written and published anonymously by Jonathan Swift in 1729.
publick, proposal, in, proposal, poor, by, satirical, the, a, a, juvenalian, from, burthen, making, parents, to, for, or, for, people, is, written, published, to, and, their, beneficial, modest, a, swift, as, 1729, essay, commonly, children, referred, modest, being, and, a, country, of, jonathan, preventing, to, them, ...
1729, a, a, a, a, and, and, anonymously, as, being, beneficial, burthen, by, children, commonly, country, essay, for, for, from, in, is, jonathan, juvenalian, making, modest, modest, of, or, parents, people, poor, preventing, proposal, proposal, publick, published, referred, satirical, swift, the, the, their, them, to,...
a, a, a, a, as, by, in, is, of, or, to, to, to, and, and, for, for, the, the, 1729, from, poor, them, being, essay, swift, their, making, modest, modest, people, burthen, country, parents, publick, written, children, commonly, jonathan, proposal, proposal, referred, published, satirical, beneficial, juvenalian, prevent...
The alkali metals consist of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). Together with hydrogen they constitute group 1, which lies in the s-block of the periodic table. All alkali metals have their outermost electron in an s-orbital: this shared elect...
in, elements, electron, of, provide, its, of, characterised, table, group, indeed, francium, orbital, results, leading, this, properties, rb, the, alkali, li, is, elements, the, similar, the, periodic, na, metals, periodic, sodium, table, characteristic, in, the, also, family, with, of, family, well, having, in, potass...
1, after, alkali, alkali, alkali, all, also, an, and, as, behaviour, best, block, caesium, characterised, characteristic, chemical, configuration, consist, constitute, cs, electron, electron, element, elements, elements, elements, example, exhibiting, family, family, fr, francium, group, group, have, having, homologous...
1, k, s, s, an, as, cs, fr, in, in, in, in, in, is, li, na, of, of, of, of, rb, all, and, its, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, also, best, have, lies, they, this, this, very, well, with, with, after, block, group, group, known, table, table, their, their, which, alkali, alkali, alkali, family, family, having, i...
An alphabet is a standardized set of basic written graphemes (called letters) representing phonemes, units of sounds that distinguish words, of certain spoken languages. Not all writing systems represent language in this way; in a syllabary, each character represents a syllable, and logographic systems use characters t...
syllabary, of, all, in, certain, semantic, is, alphabet, basic, called, syllable, or, letters, units, graphemes, systems, sounds, to, written, of, in, each, set, standardized, characters, distinguish, languages, use, logographic, that, a, represent, other, words, character, represents, words, represent, writing, phonem...
a, a, a, all, alphabet, an, and, basic, called, certain, character, characters, distinguish, each, graphemes, in, in, is, language, languages, letters, logographic, morphemes, not, of, of, of, or, other, phonemes, represent, represent, representing, represents, semantic, set, sounds, spoken, standardized, syllabary, sy...
a, a, a, an, in, in, is, of, of, of, or, to, all, and, not, set, use, way, each, that, this, basic, other, units, units, words, words, called, sounds, spoken, certain, letters, systems, systems, writing, written, alphabet, language, phonemes, semantic, syllable, character, graphemes, languages, morphemes, represent, re...
The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the charge number of an atomic nucleus. For ordinary nuclei composed of protons and neutrons, this is equal to the proton number (np) or the number of protons found in the nucleus of every atom of that element. The atomic number can be used ...
composed, atomic, chemical, this, nuclei, number, or, number, the, the, equal, and, of, to, nucleus, the, number, a, every, ordinary, chemical, found, of, is, of, uniquely, the, the, atomic, identify, the, proton, atomic, ordinary, elements, an, nuclear, atom, of, of, that, for, also, electrons, can, uncharged, is, ele...
a, also, an, an, and, atom, atom, atomic, atomic, atomic, atomic, be, can, charge, charge, chemical, chemical, composed, electrons, element, element, elements, equal, equal, every, for, found, identify, in, in, is, is, is, neutrons, np, nuclear, nuclei, nucleus, nucleus, number, number, number, number, number, number, ...
a, z, an, an, be, in, in, is, is, is, np, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, to, to, to, and, can, for, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, also, atom, atom, that, this, used, equal, equal, every, found, atomic, atomic, atomic, atomic, charge, charge, nuclei, number, number, number, number, number, number, number,...
Anatomy () is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. Anatomy is a branch of natural science that deals with the structural organization of living things. It is an old science, having its beginnings in prehistoric times. Anatomy is inherently tied to developmental b...
and, are, respectively, of, is, that, are, of, natural, a, science, both, organization, is, of, the, the, of, the, the, sciences, organisms, deals, and, anatomy, organisms, medicine, anatomy, structure, anatomy, evolutionary, anatomy, with, which, that, biology, phylogeny, the, processes, old, anatomy, as, times, appli...
a, a, an, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, anatomy, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, applied, are, are, are, as, basic, beginnings, biology, biology, biology, both, branch, branch, by, comparative, concerned, deals, developmental, disciplines, embryology, essential, evolutionary, function, genera...
a, a, an, as, by, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, are, are, its, old, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, both, long, make, over, pair, term, that, that, tied, with, with, basic, deals, human, often, parts, parts, study, study, their, t...
In propositional logic, affirming the consequent, sometimes called converse error, fallacy of the converse, or confusion of necessity and sufficiency, is a formal fallacy of taking a true conditional statement (e.g., "if the lamp were broken, then the room would be dark") under certain assumptions (there are no other l...
be, logic, in, true, is, when, sufficiency, statement, broken, room, statement, example, error, affirming, the, the, a, or, order, is, lights, switched, the, would, closed, room, then, propositional, must, would, consequent, if, the, assumptions, sometimes, converse, lamp, the, taking, for, there, converse, may, is, be...
a, a, affirming, and, and, and, antecedents, are, are, arises, assumptions, assumptions, be, be, be, be, broken, broken, but, called, certain, closed, conditional, confusion, consequent, consequent, converse, converse, converse, dark, dark, dark, e, error, even, example, fallacy, fallacy, for, formal, g, has, if, in, i...
a, a, e, g, be, be, be, be, if, in, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, no, no, of, of, of, or, or, so, and, and, and, are, are, but, for, has, its, may, not, off, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, dark, dark, dark, even, lamp, lamp, lamp, lamp, must, room, room, room, room, room, sam...
Andrei Arsenyevich Tarkovsky (; 4 April 1932 – 29 December 1986) was a Russian film director and screenwriter. Widely considered one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinema history, Tarkovsky's films explore spiritual and metaphysical themes, and are noted for their slow pacing and long takes, dreamlik...
and, russian, greatest, noted, and, imagery, director, influential, andrei, 1986, in, and, and, april, a, takes, are, explore, the, cinema, december, one, dreamlike, memory, 29, films, widely, themes, tarkovsky, arsenyevich, most, spiritual, s, long, film, of, metaphysical, visual, and, considered, and, preoccupation, ...
1932, 1986, 29, 4, a, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, andrei, april, are, arsenyevich, cinema, considered, december, director, directors, dreamlike, explore, film, films, for, greatest, history, imagery, in, influential, long, memory, metaphysical, most, nature, noted, of, one, pacing, preoccupation, russian, s, scr...
4, a, s, 29, in, of, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, are, for, one, the, was, 1932, 1986, film, long, most, slow, with, april, films, noted, takes, their, andrei, cinema, memory, nature, pacing, themes, visual, widely, explore, history, imagery, russian, december, director, greatest, directors, dreamlike, spiritual,...
Ambiguity is the type of meaning in which a phrase, statement, or resolution is not explicitly defined, making several interpretations plausible. A common aspect of ambiguity is uncertainty. It is thus an attribute of any idea or statement whose intended meaning cannot be definitively resolved, according to a rule or p...
an, two, number, meaning, be, is, or, several, of, process, ambiguity, meanings, idea, is, or, reflects, attribute, meaning, aspect, interpretations, finite, in, the, not, cannot, prefix, of, idea, resolved, as, of, of, uncertainty, explicitly, it, ambi, any, common, of, a, steps, resolution, according, rule, with, in,...
a, a, a, a, according, ambi, ambiguity, ambiguity, an, any, as, aspect, attribute, be, cannot, common, defined, definitively, explicitly, finite, idea, idea, in, in, intended, interpretations, is, is, is, is, it, making, meaning, meaning, meanings, not, number, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, or, phrase, plausible, prefix,...
a, a, a, a, an, as, be, in, in, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, or, to, any, not, the, the, the, two, two, ambi, idea, idea, rule, thus, type, with, steps, which, whose, aspect, cannot, common, finite, making, number, phrase, prefix, defined, meaning, meaning, process, several, intended, meanings, refle...
Abel is a Biblical figure in the Book of Genesis within Abrahamic religions. He was the younger brother of Cain, and the younger son of Adam and Eve, the first couple in Biblical history. He was a shepherd who offered his firstborn flock up to God as an offering. God accepted his offering but not his brother's. Cain th...
offering, biblical, who, but, brother, brother, a, he, god, of, within, shepherd, and, was, the, his, couple, a, book, his, history, abrahamic, religions, offering, he, first, out, his, accepted, biblical, younger, then, flock, is, not, abel, up, the, figure, genesis, jealousy, the, of, eve, of, as, god, younger, and, ...
a, a, abel, abel, abrahamic, accepted, adam, an, and, and, as, biblical, biblical, book, brother, brother, but, cain, cain, couple, eve, figure, first, firstborn, flock, genesis, god, god, he, he, his, his, his, history, in, in, is, jealousy, killed, not, of, of, of, of, offered, offering, offering, out, religions, s, ...
a, a, s, an, as, he, he, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, to, up, and, and, but, eve, god, god, his, his, his, not, out, son, the, the, the, the, was, was, who, abel, abel, adam, book, cain, cain, then, first, flock, couple, figure, killed, within, brother, brother, genesis, history, offered, younger, younger, accepted, bib...
The aardvark ( ; Orycteropus afer) is a medium-sized, burrowing, nocturnal mammal native to Africa. It is the only living species of the order Tubulidentata, although other prehistoric species and genera of Tubulidentata are known. Unlike most other insectivores, it has a long snout, similar to that of a pig, which is ...
africa, similar, out, the, prehistoric, insectivores, although, of, burrowing, a, most, only, mammal, to, order, is, aardvark, nocturnal, living, species, long, the, a, of, has, afer, tubulidentata, to, food, of, species, it, native, other, a, other, to, is, tubulidentata, known, it, the, orycteropus, snout, unlike, ar...
a, a, a, aardvark, afer, africa, although, and, are, burrowing, food, genera, has, insectivores, is, is, is, it, it, known, living, long, mammal, medium, most, native, nocturnal, of, of, of, only, order, orycteropus, other, other, out, pig, prehistoric, similar, sized, sniff, snout, species, species, that, the, the, th...
a, a, a, is, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, to, to, to, and, are, has, out, pig, the, the, the, afer, food, long, most, only, that, used, known, order, other, other, sized, sniff, snout, which, africa, genera, living, mammal, medium, native, unlike, similar, species, species, aardvark, although, burrowing, nocturnal, oryc...
The aardwolf (Proteles cristatus) is an insectivorous species of hyena, native to East and Southern Africa. Its name means "earth-wolf" in Afrikaans and Dutch. It is also called the maanhaar-jackal (Afrikaans for "mane-jackal"), termite-eating hyena and civet hyena, based on its habit of secreting substances from its a...
for, of, civet, from, based, name, called, cristatus, afrikaans, and, also, hyena, earth, shared, africa, its, a, and, the, afrikaans, the, civet, mane, is, habit, in, southern, means, it, with, characteristic, native, substances, insectivorous, its, the, hyena, hyena, termite, maanhaar, to, jackal, anal, eating, an, d...
a, aardwolf, africa, african, afrikaans, afrikaans, also, an, anal, and, and, and, based, called, characteristic, civet, civet, cristatus, dutch, earth, east, eating, for, from, gland, habit, hyena, hyena, hyena, in, insectivorous, is, is, it, its, its, its, jackal, jackal, maanhaar, mane, means, name, native, of, of, ...
a, an, in, is, is, it, of, of, on, to, and, and, and, for, its, its, its, the, the, the, also, anal, east, from, mane, name, with, wolf, based, civet, civet, dutch, earth, gland, habit, hyena, hyena, hyena, means, africa, called, eating, jackal, jackal, native, shared, african, species, termite, aardwolf, maanhaar, pro...
Adobe ( ; ) is a building material made from earth and organic materials. is Spanish for mudbrick. In some English-speaking regions of Spanish heritage, such as the Southwestern United States, the term is used to refer to any kind of earthen construction, or various architectural styles like Pueblo Revival or Territor...
in, world, and, made, like, architectural, styles, materials, from, used, term, to, most, southwestern, construction, states, earliest, among, territorial, speaking, mudbrick, earth, earthen, cob, and, is, adobe, rammed, various, or, for, material, buildings, and, such, is, to, united, adobe, some, building, kind, pueb...
a, adobe, adobe, adobe, among, and, and, and, any, appearance, architectural, are, as, building, building, buildings, buildings, cob, construction, earliest, earth, earth, earthen, english, for, from, heritage, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, kind, like, made, material, materials, materials, most, mudbrick, of, of, or, or,...
a, as, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, of, of, or, or, to, to, to, and, and, and, any, are, cob, for, the, the, the, the, from, kind, like, made, most, some, such, term, used, used, adobe, adobe, adobe, among, earth, earth, refer, world, pueblo, rammed, states, styles, united, earthen, english, organic, regions, revival, r...
An adventure is an exciting experience or undertaking that is typically bold, sometimes risky. Adventures may be activities with danger such as traveling, exploring, skydiving, mountain climbing, scuba diving, river rafting, or other extreme sports. Adventures are often undertaken to create psychological arousal or in ...
undertaken, a, as, goal, can, exploring, psychological, may, diving, is, danger, by, an, activities, climbing, as, traveling, achieve, with, typically, greater, risky, an, undertaking, pursuit, rafting, is, be, adventure, river, skydiving, mountain, or, bold, exciting, the, activities, create, other, in, such, experien...
a, achieve, activities, activities, adventure, adventures, adventures, an, an, are, arousal, as, as, be, be, bold, by, can, climbing, create, danger, diving, exciting, experience, exploring, extreme, goal, greater, in, is, is, knowledge, may, mountain, obtained, of, often, only, or, or, or, order, other, psychological,...
a, an, an, as, as, be, be, by, in, is, is, of, or, or, or, to, to, are, can, may, the, bold, goal, only, such, such, such, that, that, with, often, order, other, risky, river, scuba, create, danger, diving, sports, achieve, arousal, extreme, greater, pursuit, rafting, climbing, exciting, mountain, obtained, adventure, ...
Asia ( , ) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometers, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of man...
million, the, of, world, the, was, covers, 7, more, the, has, continents, in, roughly, s, area, an, the, continent, 44, of, home, the, about, population, majority, combined, asia, human, by, of, of, 8, earth, s, kilometers, many, population, people, square, 4, land, all, more, its, land, largest, total, which, total, c...
30, 4, 44, 60, 7, 8, about, all, an, and, and, area, area, area, area, asia, been, billion, both, by, civilizations, combined, constitute, continent, continent, continents, covers, earth, earth, first, has, having, home, human, in, is, it, its, kilometers, land, land, largest, long, majority, many, million, more, more,...
4, 7, 8, s, s, s, 30, 44, 60, an, by, in, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, all, and, and, has, its, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, area, area, area, area, asia, been, both, home, land, land, long, many, more, more, site, than, than, about, earth, earth, first, human, other, total, total, which, wor...
Aruba ( , or , ), officially the Country of Aruba (; ), is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands physically located in the mid-south of the Caribbean Sea, about north of the Venezuelan peninsula of Paraguaná and northwest of Curaçao. It measures long from its northwestern to its southeastern end ...
of, or, referred, and, of, of, often, of, acquired, aruba, third, these, kingdom, as, point, one, the, islands, of, its, islands, forms, bonaire, a, it, group, it, the, curaçao, the, other, netherlands, of, of, the, of, became, a, in, name, aruba, about, southeastern, is, curaçao, its, officially, end, the, abc, venezu...
1986, a, a, a, abc, about, about, acquired, across, and, and, and, and, and, are, aruba, aruba, aruba, aruba, aruba, as, at, became, bonaire, called, caribbean, caribbean, caribbean, collectively, constituent, constituent, country, country, country, country, curaçao, curaçao, dutch, dutch, end, formal, forms, from, gro...
a, a, a, as, at, in, in, in, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, to, to, abc, and, and, and, and, and, are, end, has, its, its, its, mid, one, sea, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, 1986, from, long, name, with, about, about, aruba, aruba, aruba, aruba, a...
The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was an agreement among the 13 states of the United States, formerly the Thirteen Colonies, that served as the nation's first frame of government. It was debated by the Second Continental Congress at Independence Hall in Philadelphia between July 1776 and November 1777, ...
at, clearly, known, league, of, first, rules, sovereignty, recognized, by, a, ratified, established, between, the, the, provided, 13, november, the, was, states, establishment, the, 1777, document, principle, preservation, government, the, of, s, by, served, confederation, frame, the, states, articles, it, philadelphia...
1, 13, 13, 15, 1776, 1777, 1777, 1781, a, a, affording, after, agreement, all, among, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, articles, articles, articles, as, as, as, at, be, being, belonging, between, by, by, by, came, central, clearly, colonial, colonies, colonies, confederation, congress, congress, consciously, continent...
1, a, a, s, 13, 13, 15, an, as, as, as, at, be, by, by, by, in, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, to, all, and, and, and, and, and, and, for, had, how, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, was, 1776, 1777, 1777, 1781, came, hall, into, july, king, only,...
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 17% of Earth's surface and about 24% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the "Old World" of Africa, Europe, and Asia from the "New World" of the Americas in the European perception of the ...
of, with, in, and, of, about, surface, of, five, from, the, 24, new, the, africa, an, atlantic, and, the, old, americas, known, area, the, separate, ocean, oceans, the, earth, its, the, s, the, of, largest, world, approximately, of, perception, covers, european, about, it, world, is, second, water, surface, s, is, area...
17, 24, about, about, africa, americas, an, and, and, approximately, area, area, asia, atlantic, covers, earth, europe, european, five, from, in, is, is, it, it, its, known, largest, new, ocean, oceans, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, old, perception, s, s, second, separate, surface, surface, the, the, the, the, the, the, ...
s, s, 17, 24, an, in, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, and, and, its, new, old, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, area, area, asia, five, from, with, about, about, earth, known, ocean, water, world, world, world, world, africa, covers, europe, oceans, second, largest, surface, surface, americas, at...
Arthur Schopenhauer ( , ; 22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher. He is best known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation (expanded in 1844), which characterizes the phenomenal world as the manifestation of a blind and irrational noumenal will. Building on the transcendental idea...
world, the, idealism, work, literature, ethical, as, the, aesthetics, first, and, schopenhauer, of, german, and, and, and, notion, the, have, 1818, of, work, across, blind, irrational, of, an, a, the, on, world, been, science, psychology, 1788, german, philosophy, will, writing, and, of, will, as, the, and, lifetime, a...
1724, 1788, 1804, 1818, 1844, 1860, 21, 22, a, a, a, across, aesthetics, affirm, among, an, an, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, appearance, arthur, artists, as, as, as, as, as, asceticism, atheistic, attention, been, best, blind, building, characterizes, contemporaneous, denial, described, developed, discipline...
a, a, a, 21, 22, an, an, as, as, as, as, as, he, he, in, in, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, for, had, has, his, his, his, his, his, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, was, 1724, 1788, 1804, 1818, 1844, 1860, been, best, have, kant, many, self, such...
Angola ( ; ; , ), officially the Republic of Angola (), is a country on the west-central coast of Southern Africa. It is the second-largest Lusophone (Portuguese-speaking) country in both total area and population (behind Brazil in both cases), and is the seventh-largest country in Africa. It is bordered by Namibia to ...
bordered, is, the, south, is, the, portuguese, cabinda, area, seventh, behind, province, cases, africa, speaking, officially, in, and, the, congo, coast, republic, and, the, it, angola, both, of, angola, a, that, exclave, country, populous, the, north, central, in, it, the, and, total, the, borders, of, in, to, congo, ...
a, africa, africa, an, and, and, and, and, and, angola, angola, angola, area, atlantic, behind, bordered, borders, both, both, brazil, by, cabinda, capital, cases, central, city, coast, congo, congo, congo, country, country, country, democratic, democratic, east, exclave, has, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, la...
a, an, by, in, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, has, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, area, both, both, city, east, most, that, west, west, cases, coast, congo, congo, congo, north, ocean, south, ...
The current political regime in Angola is presidentialism, in which the President of the Republic is also head of state and government; it is advised by a Council of Ministers, which together with the President form the national executive power. Legislative power rests with the 220 parliamentarians elected to the Natio...
the, court, and, the, power, president, the, the, court, auditors, the, is, together, executive, the, the, president, with, rests, of, which, judiciary, judiciary, the, a, the, the, power, court, angola, appoints, council, the, president, members, republic, the, of, of, to, of, highest, political, still, republic, mini...
220, a, advised, also, and, and, and, angola, appoints, assembly, auditors, bodies, by, constitutional, council, court, court, court, court, current, elected, executive, form, government, head, highest, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, it, judiciary, judiciary, legislative, made, majority, members, military, ministers, nati...
a, by, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, up, 220, and, and, and, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, also, form, head, made, that, with, with, with, court, court, court, court, power, power, rests, state, still, which,...
The economy of Angola remains heavily influenced by the effects of four decades of conflict in the last part of the 20th century, the war for independence from Portugal (1961–75) and the subsequent civil war (1975–2002). Despite extensive oil and gas resources, diamonds, hydroelectric potential, and rich agricultural l...
the, with, during, rising, production, strong, part, contributed, at, angola, 75, independence, and, annual, the, high, decade, repair, decades, 11, subsequent, growth, influenced, relies, the, when, oil, agriculture, by, civil, inequality, growth, the, policy, portugal, century, the, on, poor, of, since, century, year...
1, 11, 1961, 1975, 2001, 2002, 2002, 2010, 20th, 21st, 27, 75, a, agricultural, agriculture, although, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, angola, angola, angola, annual, at, average, by, century, century, civil, civil, conflict, contributed, decade, decades, despite, diamonds, during, economic, economy, economy, e...
1, a, s, 11, 27, 75, at, by, in, in, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, to, to, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, and, for, gas, gdp, oil, oil, oil, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, war, war, was, 1961, 1975, 2001, 2002, 2002, 2010, 20th, 21st, four, from, from, high,...
The Angolan Armed Forces () or FAA is the military of Angola. The FAA consist of the Angolan Army (), the Angolan Navy () and the National Air Force of Angola (). Reported total manpower in 2021 was about 107,000. The FAA is headed by the Chief of the General Staff António Egídio de Sousa Santos since 2018, who report...
force, air, angolan, the, the, santos, consist, antónio, about, of, forces, staff, of, the, 2018, to, angolan, the, egídio, and, manpower, by, 000, the, sousa, was, faa, faa, army, national, the, who, in, the, chief, since, santos, the, total, 2021, the, navy, de, general, reported, angola, ernesto, dos, of, angola, he...
000, 107, 2018, 2021, about, air, and, angola, angola, angolan, angolan, angolan, antónio, armed, army, by, chief, consist, currently, de, defense, dos, egídio, ernesto, faa, faa, faa, force, forces, general, headed, in, is, is, joão, manpower, military, minister, national, national, navy, of, of, of, of, of, or, repor...
by, de, in, is, is, of, of, of, of, of, or, to, 000, 107, air, and, dos, faa, faa, faa, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, was, who, 2018, 2021, army, joão, navy, about, armed, chief, force, since, sousa, staff, total, angola, angola, egídio, forces, headed, santos, santos, angolan, angolan, angolan, ant...
The foreign relations of Angola are based on Angola's strong support of U.S. foreign policy as the Angolan economy is dependent on U.S. foreign aid. From 1975 to 1989, Angola was aligned with the Eastern bloc, in particular the Soviet Union, Libya, and Cuba. Since then, it has focused on improving relationships with We...
the, military, in, zimbabwe, support, largely, cuba, military, the, relationships, development, the, is, a, aid, formal, the, soviet, congo, south, also, denis, from, democratic, government, on, as, particular, other, established, joined, civil, its, as, aligned, cultivating, anglophone, nguesso, countries, national, t...
1975, 1989, 1993, a, africa, african, aid, aligned, also, and, and, and, and, anglophone, angola, angola, angola, angola, angolan, angolan, are, as, as, asserting, based, bloc, brazzaville, central, civil, community, congo, congo, countries, countries, cuba, cultivating, democratic, denis, dependent, development, diplo...
a, s, s, s, u, u, as, as, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, in, is, it, it, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, on, on, on, to, to, aid, and, and, and, and, are, for, has, has, has, its, its, its, own, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, was, 1975, 1989, 1993, also, bloc, cuba, from, then, t...
Albert Sidney Johnston (February 2, 1803 – April 6, 1862) served as a general in three different armies: the Texian Army, the United States Army, and the Confederate States Army. He saw extensive combat during his 34-year military career, fighting actions in the Black Hawk War, the Texas-Indian Wars, the Mexican–Americ...
2, civil, and, armies, army, army, the, utah, the, three, saw, albert, states, military, and, year, texian, during, war, the, april, 34, sidney, fighting, 6, war, extensive, states, he, indian, in, the, black, 1862, the, the, served, general, combat, 1803, united, in, different, hawk, wars, the, war, the, career, johns...
1803, 1862, 2, 34, 6, a, actions, albert, american, american, and, and, april, armies, army, army, army, as, black, career, civil, combat, confederate, different, during, extensive, february, fighting, general, hawk, he, his, in, in, indian, johnston, mexican, military, saw, served, sidney, states, states, texas, texia...
2, 6, a, 34, as, he, in, in, and, and, his, saw, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, war, war, war, war, 1803, 1862, army, army, army, hawk, utah, wars, year, april, black, civil, texas, three, albert, armies, career, combat, during, indian, served, sidney, states, states, texian, united, actions, general, mexican,...
An android is a humanoid robot or other artificial being often made from a flesh-like material. Historically, androids were completely within the domain of science fiction and frequently seen in film and television, but advances in robot technology now allow the design of functional and realistic humanoid robots.
fiction, advances, or, domain, other, made, humanoid, frequently, from, realistic, being, androids, and, robot, a, within, allow, technology, in, of, the, android, material, design, robots, humanoid, and, science, the, is, often, seen, an, in, were, a, functional, flesh, completely, historically, like, but, television,...
a, a, advances, allow, an, and, and, and, android, androids, artificial, being, but, completely, design, domain, fiction, film, flesh, frequently, from, functional, historically, humanoid, humanoid, in, in, is, like, made, material, now, of, of, often, or, other, realistic, robot, robot, robots, science, seen, technolo...
a, a, an, in, in, is, of, of, or, and, and, and, but, now, the, the, film, from, like, made, seen, were, allow, being, flesh, often, other, robot, robot, design, domain, robots, within, android, fiction, science, advances, androids, humanoid, humanoid, material, realistic, artificial, completely, frequently, functional...
Alberta ( ) is one of the thirteen provinces and territories of Canada. It is a part of Western Canada and is one of the three prairie provinces. Alberta is bordered by British Columbia to the west, Saskatchewan to the east, the Northwest Territories to the north, and the U.S. state of Montana to the south. It is one o...
of, the, south, of, province, territories, northwest, to, occasional, in, east, three, s, but, canada, columbia, a, north, temperature, british, to, alberta, to, western, part, and, to, the, air, of, the, western, the, borders, the, being, one, less, the, of, and, provinces, pronounced, chinook, to, with, swings, chang...
a, a, air, alberta, alberta, alberta, and, and, and, are, aridity, being, bordered, borders, british, but, by, by, canada, canada, canada, changes, chinook, climate, columbia, continental, due, due, east, eastern, experiences, great, has, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, landlocked, less, montana, mountains, nor...
a, a, s, u, by, by, in, in, is, is, is, is, is, is, it, it, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, to, to, to, to, to, to, air, and, and, and, are, but, due, due, has, one, one, one, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, two, east, less, only, part, part, part, west, with, being, great, n...
Actinopterygii (; ), members of which are known as ray-finned fish or actinopterygians, is a class of bony fish that comprise over 50% of living vertebrate species. They are so called because of their lightly built fins made of webs of skin supported by radially extended bony spines, as opposed to the bulkier, fleshy l...
known, comprise, living, pectoral, and, fans, internal, ratios, 50, of, of, to, radials, articulation, rays, weight, called, they, the, bulkier, fins, because, class, lobe, of, can, skeletal, made, providing, fins, species, fins, the, directly, actinopterygian, class, to, area, of, are, movement, the, these, the, sarco...
50, a, actinopterygian, actinopterygians, actinopterygii, and, and, and, and, are, are, area, articulation, as, as, attach, basal, because, between, bony, bony, built, bulkier, by, called, can, change, chondrichthyian, class, class, compared, comprise, directly, e, easily, elements, extended, fans, fin, finned, finned,...
a, e, g, 50, as, as, by, is, of, of, of, of, of, of, of, or, or, so, to, to, to, to, and, and, and, and, are, are, can, fin, per, ray, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, area, bony, bony, fans, fins, fins, fins, fins, fins, fish, fish, fish, lobe, made, over, rays, skin, that, they, webs, basal, built, class, clas...
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

SyReC: The Syntactic Reconstruction Corpus

Dataset Description

SyReC (Syntactic Reconstruction Corpus) is a large-scale, synthetically generated dataset designed to benchmark and train language models on the task of syntactic and semantic reconstruction. The core challenge presented by this dataset is to reconstruct a coherent, grammatically correct paragraph from a "bag of words"—a collection of its constituent words that have been deliberately stripped of their original order.

The dataset is built to test and enhance a model's deep understanding of syntax, semantic relationships, and logical flow, moving beyond simple next-token prediction to a more holistic, structural comprehension of language. By training on SyReC, models can learn to infer grammatical structure and narrative coherence from a fixed set of semantic tokens, a skill crucial for advanced tasks like high-fidelity summarization, data grounding, and complex instruction following.

This version of SyReC was generated exclusively from the wikimedia/wikipedia (20231101.en) dataset.

How the Data is Generated

The dataset was created using an automated pipeline with the following steps:

  1. Source Text Extraction: Paragraphs are streamed from the English Wikipedia dataset (wikimedia/wikipedia, 20231101.en config).
  2. Filtering: Only paragraphs between 250 and 2000 characters are selected to ensure substantive yet manageable content.
  3. Tokenization: Each paragraph is tokenized into a list of its constituent words, and all words are converted to lowercase. Punctuation is discarded.
  4. Scrambling: The list of words is then scrambled using three distinct methods to create a diverse set of inputs for each original text.
  5. Formatting: The original text and its scrambled versions are saved as a JSONL file.

Data Fields

Each record in the dataset is a JSON object with the following fields:

  • original_text: (string) The original, coherent paragraph from Wikipedia. This serves as the ground truth for reconstruction.
  • scrambled_text_random: (string) A comma-separated string of the words from the original text, shuffled into a completely random order.
  • scrambled_text_alphabetical: (string) A comma-separated string of the words from the original text, sorted in alphabetical order.
  • scrambled_text_numerical: (string) A comma-separated string of the words from the original text, sorted by word length (shortest to longest), with alphabetical sorting for words of the same length.

Example Record

{
  "original_text": "The path of an object through space is called its orbit. Kepler initially assumed that the orbits of planets were circles, but doing so did not allow him to find orbits that were consistent with Brahe’s observations. Working with the data for Mars, he eventually discovered that the orbit of that planet had the shape of a somewhat flattened circle, or ellipse. Next to the circle, the ellipse is the simplest kind of closed curve, belonging to a family of curves known as conic sections.",
  "scrambled_text_random": "initially, observations, the, a, kepler, had, his, he, to, conic, belonging, that, find, did, of, the, of, ellipse, eventually, planet, but, of, simplest, an, orbit, a, curves, of, with, is, a, to, were, orbits, the, somewhat, path, known, closed, allow, next, as, the, that, were, sections, flattened, with, mars, a, him, so, not, data, doing, family, planets, its, through, discovered, consistent, called, orbit, the, for, circle, assumed, working, shape, circles, kind, ellipse, space, the, is, object, curve, brahe’s",
  "scrambled_text_alphabetical": "a, a, a, a, a, allow, an, as, assumed, belonging, brahe’s, but, called, circle, circle, circles, closed, conic, consistent, curve, curves, data, did, discovered, doing, ellipse, ellipse, eventually, family, find, flattened, for, had, he, him, his, initially, is, is, its, kepler, kind, known, mars, next, not, object, observations, of, of, of, of, orbit, orbit, orbits, path, planet, planets, sections, shape, simplest, so, somewhat, space, that, that, the, the, the, the, the, the, through, to, to, were, were, with, with, working",
  "scrambled_text_numerical": "a, a, a, a, a, an, as, but, did, for, had, he, him, his, is, is, its, not, of, of, of, of, so, the, the, the, the, the, the, to, to, allow, call, curve, data, doing, find, kind, mars, next, path, shape, were, were, with, with, closed, conic, circle, curves, ellipse, family, kepler, object, orbits, planet, space, working, assumed, brahe’s, circles, planets, sections, simplest, flattened, consistent, discovered, initially, somewhat, belonging, observations"
}

Intended Use

This dataset is primarily intended for fine-tuning language models to perform the syntactic reconstruction task. By training a model to predict the original_text from one of the scrambled_text_* fields, you can teach it to:

  • Improve its understanding of English syntax and grammar.
  • Strengthen its ability to maintain context and logical flow.
  • Enhance its "source grounding" capabilities for RAG and fact-checking tasks.
  • Follow complex, constrained instructions more reliably.

It can also be used as a benchmark to evaluate the zero-shot reasoning and reconstruction capabilities of existing language models.

Limitations and Bias

  • Source Bias: As the dataset is derived entirely from English Wikipedia, it inherits any biases present in the source material, including its writing style, topical coverage, and cultural perspective.
  • Lack of Punctuation: The scrambled inputs do not contain punctuation, forcing the model to infer it. This is an intended part of the challenge but may not be suitable for all use cases.
  • Monolingual: This version of the dataset is exclusively in English.

Citation

If you use this dataset in your research, please consider citing the original Wikipedia source and this project.

@misc{syrec_dataset_2025,
  author    = {[ambrosfitz]},
  title     = {SyReC: The Syntactic Reconstruction Corpus},
  year      = {2025},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  url       = {[https://huggingface.co/datasets/ambrosfitz/SyReC]}
}
Downloads last month
8

Models trained or fine-tuned on ambrosfitz/SyReC