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Gray's Anatomy
34
of external signals, including hormones and other ligands, and sites for the recognition and attachment of other cells. Internally, plasma membranes can act as points of attachment for intracellular structures, in particular those concerned with cell motility and other cytoskeletal functions. Cell membranes are synthes...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
tissue- and cell type-specific antigens are located in the coat, including the major histocompatibility complex of the immune system and, in the case of erythrocytes, blood group antigens. Therefore, the glycocalyx plays a significant role in organ transplant compatibility. The glycocalyx found on apical microvilli of ...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Compartments and functional organization The cytoplasm consists of the cytosol, a gel-like material enclosed by the cell or plasma membrane. The cytosol is made up of colloidal proteins such as enzymes, carbohydrates and small protein molecules, together with ribosomes and ribonucleic acids. The cytoplasm contai...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
exterior. The cisternal space is continuous with the perinuclear space.
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
Structurally, the channel system can be divided into rough or granu lar endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which has ribosomes attached to its outer, cytosolic surface, and smooth or agranular endoplasmic reticulum (SER), which lacks ribosomes. The functions of the endoplasmic reticulum vary greatly and include: the synthesi...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
abundant proteins; SER is abundant in steroid-producing cells and muscle cells. A variant of the endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, involved in calcium storage and release for muscle contraction. For further reading on the endoplasmic reticulum, see Bravo et al (2013).
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Smooth endoplasmic reticulum The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (see Fig. 1.4) is associated with carbohydrate metabolism and many other metabolic processes, including detoxification and synthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroids. The membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum serve as surfaces for the attac...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Rough endoplasmic reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a site of protein synthesis; its cytosolic surface is studded with ribosomes (Fig. 1.5E). Ribosomes only bind to the endoplasmic reticulum when proteins targeted for secretion begin to be synthesized. Most proteins pass through its membranes and accu...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Ribosomes, polyribosomes and protein synthesis Ribosomes are macromolecular machines that catalyse the synthesis of proteins from amino acids; synthesis and assembly into subunits takes place in the nucleolus and includes the association of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) with ribosomal proteins translocated from their si...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
A typical cell contains millions of ribosomes. They may form groups (polyribosomes or polysomes) attached to messenger RNA (mRNA), which they translate during protein synthesis for use outside the system of membrane compartments, e.g. enzymes of the cytosol and cytoskeletal proteins. Some of the cytosolic products inc...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
occupied as ribosomes move along it, synthesizing protein according to its nucleotide sequence. Consequently, the number and spacing of ribosomes in a polyribosome indicate the length of the mRNA molecule and hence the size of the protein being made. The two subunits have separate roles in protein synthesis. The 40S su...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
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grays_anatomy.pdf
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Gray's Anatomy
34
of external signals, including hormones and other ligands, and sites for the recognition and attachment of other cells. Internally, plasma membranes can act as points of attachment for intracellular structures, in particular those concerned with cell motility and other cytoskeletal functions. Cell membranes are synthes...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
tissue- and cell type-specific antigens are located in the coat, including the major histocompatibility complex of the immune system and, in the case of erythrocytes, blood group antigens. Therefore, the glycocalyx plays a significant role in organ transplant compatibility. The glycocalyx found on apical microvilli of ...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Compartments and functional organization The cytoplasm consists of the cytosol, a gel-like material enclosed by the cell or plasma membrane. The cytosol is made up of colloidal proteins such as enzymes, carbohydrates and small protein molecules, together with ribosomes and ribonucleic acids. The cytoplasm contai...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
exterior. The cisternal space is continuous with the perinuclear space.
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
Structurally, the channel system can be divided into rough or granu lar endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which has ribosomes attached to its outer, cytosolic surface, and smooth or agranular endoplasmic reticulum (SER), which lacks ribosomes. The functions of the endoplasmic reticulum vary greatly and include: the synthesi...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
abundant proteins; SER is abundant in steroid-producing cells and muscle cells. A variant of the endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, involved in calcium storage and release for muscle contraction. For further reading on the endoplasmic reticulum, see Bravo et al (2013).
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Smooth endoplasmic reticulum The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (see Fig. 1.4) is associated with carbohydrate metabolism and many other metabolic processes, including detoxification and synthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroids. The membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum serve as surfaces for the attac...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Rough endoplasmic reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a site of protein synthesis; its cytosolic surface is studded with ribosomes (Fig. 1.5E). Ribosomes only bind to the endoplasmic reticulum when proteins targeted for secretion begin to be synthesized. Most proteins pass through its membranes and accu...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Ribosomes, polyribosomes and protein synthesis Ribosomes are macromolecular machines that catalyse the synthesis of proteins from amino acids; synthesis and assembly into subunits takes place in the nucleolus and includes the association of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) with ribosomal proteins translocated from their si...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
A typical cell contains millions of ribosomes. They may form groups (polyribosomes or polysomes) attached to messenger RNA (mRNA), which they translate during protein synthesis for use outside the system of membrane compartments, e.g. enzymes of the cytosol and cytoskeletal proteins. Some of the cytosolic products inc...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
occupied as ribosomes move along it, synthesizing protein according to its nucleotide sequence. Consequently, the number and spacing of ribosomes in a polyribosome indicate the length of the mRNA molecule and hence the size of the protein being made. The two subunits have separate roles in protein synthesis. The 40S su...
grays_anatomy.pdf
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Gray's Anatomy
34
-----
grays_anatomy.pdf
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Gray's Anatomy
34
of external signals, including hormones and other ligands, and sites for the recognition and attachment of other cells. Internally, plasma membranes can act as points of attachment for intracellular structures, in particular those concerned with cell motility and other cytoskeletal functions. Cell membranes are synthes...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
tissue- and cell type-specific antigens are located in the coat, including the major histocompatibility complex of the immune system and, in the case of erythrocytes, blood group antigens. Therefore, the glycocalyx plays a significant role in organ transplant compatibility. The glycocalyx found on apical microvilli of ...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Compartments and functional organization The cytoplasm consists of the cytosol, a gel-like material enclosed by the cell or plasma membrane. The cytosol is made up of colloidal proteins such as enzymes, carbohydrates and small protein molecules, together with ribosomes and ribonucleic acids. The cytoplasm contai...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
exterior. The cisternal space is continuous with the perinuclear space.
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
Structurally, the channel system can be divided into rough or granu lar endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which has ribosomes attached to its outer, cytosolic surface, and smooth or agranular endoplasmic reticulum (SER), which lacks ribosomes. The functions of the endoplasmic reticulum vary greatly and include: the synthesi...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
abundant proteins; SER is abundant in steroid-producing cells and muscle cells. A variant of the endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, involved in calcium storage and release for muscle contraction. For further reading on the endoplasmic reticulum, see Bravo et al (2013).
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Smooth endoplasmic reticulum The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (see Fig. 1.4) is associated with carbohydrate metabolism and many other metabolic processes, including detoxification and synthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroids. The membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum serve as surfaces for the attac...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Rough endoplasmic reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a site of protein synthesis; its cytosolic surface is studded with ribosomes (Fig. 1.5E). Ribosomes only bind to the endoplasmic reticulum when proteins targeted for secretion begin to be synthesized. Most proteins pass through its membranes and accu...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Ribosomes, polyribosomes and protein synthesis Ribosomes are macromolecular machines that catalyse the synthesis of proteins from amino acids; synthesis and assembly into subunits takes place in the nucleolus and includes the association of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) with ribosomal proteins translocated from their si...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
A typical cell contains millions of ribosomes. They may form groups (polyribosomes or polysomes) attached to messenger RNA (mRNA), which they translate during protein synthesis for use outside the system of membrane compartments, e.g. enzymes of the cytosol and cytoskeletal proteins. Some of the cytosolic products inc...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
occupied as ribosomes move along it, synthesizing protein according to its nucleotide sequence. Consequently, the number and spacing of ribosomes in a polyribosome indicate the length of the mRNA molecule and hence the size of the protein being made. The two subunits have separate roles in protein synthesis. The 40S su...
grays_anatomy.pdf
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PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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-----
grays_anatomy.pdf
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Gray's Anatomy
34
of external signals, including hormones and other ligands, and sites for the recognition and attachment of other cells. Internally, plasma membranes can act as points of attachment for intracellular structures, in particular those concerned with cell motility and other cytoskeletal functions. Cell membranes are synthes...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
tissue- and cell type-specific antigens are located in the coat, including the major histocompatibility complex of the immune system and, in the case of erythrocytes, blood group antigens. Therefore, the glycocalyx plays a significant role in organ transplant compatibility. The glycocalyx found on apical microvilli of ...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Compartments and functional organization The cytoplasm consists of the cytosol, a gel-like material enclosed by the cell or plasma membrane. The cytosol is made up of colloidal proteins such as enzymes, carbohydrates and small protein molecules, together with ribosomes and ribonucleic acids. The cytoplasm contai...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
exterior. The cisternal space is continuous with the perinuclear space.
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
Structurally, the channel system can be divided into rough or granu lar endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which has ribosomes attached to its outer, cytosolic surface, and smooth or agranular endoplasmic reticulum (SER), which lacks ribosomes. The functions of the endoplasmic reticulum vary greatly and include: the synthesi...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
abundant proteins; SER is abundant in steroid-producing cells and muscle cells. A variant of the endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, involved in calcium storage and release for muscle contraction. For further reading on the endoplasmic reticulum, see Bravo et al (2013).
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Smooth endoplasmic reticulum The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (see Fig. 1.4) is associated with carbohydrate metabolism and many other metabolic processes, including detoxification and synthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroids. The membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum serve as surfaces for the attac...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Rough endoplasmic reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a site of protein synthesis; its cytosolic surface is studded with ribosomes (Fig. 1.5E). Ribosomes only bind to the endoplasmic reticulum when proteins targeted for secretion begin to be synthesized. Most proteins pass through its membranes and accu...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Ribosomes, polyribosomes and protein synthesis Ribosomes are macromolecular machines that catalyse the synthesis of proteins from amino acids; synthesis and assembly into subunits takes place in the nucleolus and includes the association of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) with ribosomal proteins translocated from their si...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
A typical cell contains millions of ribosomes. They may form groups (polyribosomes or polysomes) attached to messenger RNA (mRNA), which they translate during protein synthesis for use outside the system of membrane compartments, e.g. enzymes of the cytosol and cytoskeletal proteins. Some of the cytosolic products inc...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
occupied as ribosomes move along it, synthesizing protein according to its nucleotide sequence. Consequently, the number and spacing of ribosomes in a polyribosome indicate the length of the mRNA molecule and hence the size of the protein being made. The two subunits have separate roles in protein synthesis. The 40S su...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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grays_anatomy.pdf
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PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
of external signals, including hormones and other ligands, and sites for the recognition and attachment of other cells. Internally, plasma membranes can act as points of attachment for intracellular structures, in particular those concerned with cell motility and other cytoskeletal functions. Cell membranes are synthes...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
tissue- and cell type-specific antigens are located in the coat, including the major histocompatibility complex of the immune system and, in the case of erythrocytes, blood group antigens. Therefore, the glycocalyx plays a significant role in organ transplant compatibility. The glycocalyx found on apical microvilli of ...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Compartments and functional organization The cytoplasm consists of the cytosol, a gel-like material enclosed by the cell or plasma membrane. The cytosol is made up of colloidal proteins such as enzymes, carbohydrates and small protein molecules, together with ribosomes and ribonucleic acids. The cytoplasm contai...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
exterior. The cisternal space is continuous with the perinuclear space.
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
Structurally, the channel system can be divided into rough or granu lar endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which has ribosomes attached to its outer, cytosolic surface, and smooth or agranular endoplasmic reticulum (SER), which lacks ribosomes. The functions of the endoplasmic reticulum vary greatly and include: the synthesi...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
abundant proteins; SER is abundant in steroid-producing cells and muscle cells. A variant of the endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, involved in calcium storage and release for muscle contraction. For further reading on the endoplasmic reticulum, see Bravo et al (2013).
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
4
Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Smooth endoplasmic reticulum The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (see Fig. 1.4) is associated with carbohydrate metabolism and many other metabolic processes, including detoxification and synthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroids. The membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum serve as surfaces for the attac...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
4
Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Rough endoplasmic reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a site of protein synthesis; its cytosolic surface is studded with ribosomes (Fig. 1.5E). Ribosomes only bind to the endoplasmic reticulum when proteins targeted for secretion begin to be synthesized. Most proteins pass through its membranes and accu...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
4
Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Ribosomes, polyribosomes and protein synthesis Ribosomes are macromolecular machines that catalyse the synthesis of proteins from amino acids; synthesis and assembly into subunits takes place in the nucleolus and includes the association of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) with ribosomal proteins translocated from their si...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
4
Gray's Anatomy
34
A typical cell contains millions of ribosomes. They may form groups (polyribosomes or polysomes) attached to messenger RNA (mRNA), which they translate during protein synthesis for use outside the system of membrane compartments, e.g. enzymes of the cytosol and cytoskeletal proteins. Some of the cytosolic products inc...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
34
occupied as ribosomes move along it, synthesizing protein according to its nucleotide sequence. Consequently, the number and spacing of ribosomes in a polyribosome indicate the length of the mRNA molecule and hence the size of the protein being made. The two subunits have separate roles in protein synthesis. The 40S su...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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grays_anatomy.pdf
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Gray's Anatomy
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of external signals, including hormones and other ligands, and sites for the recognition and attachment of other cells. Internally, plasma membranes can act as points of attachment for intracellular structures, in particular those concerned with cell motility and other cytoskeletal functions. Cell membranes are synthes...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
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Gray's Anatomy
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tissue- and cell type-specific antigens are located in the coat, including the major histocompatibility complex of the immune system and, in the case of erythrocytes, blood group antigens. Therefore, the glycocalyx plays a significant role in organ transplant compatibility. The glycocalyx found on apical microvilli of ...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
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###### Compartments and functional organization The cytoplasm consists of the cytosol, a gel-like material enclosed by the cell or plasma membrane. The cytosol is made up of colloidal proteins such as enzymes, carbohydrates and small protein molecules, together with ribosomes and ribonucleic acids. The cytoplasm contai...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
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exterior. The cisternal space is continuous with the perinuclear space.
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
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Gray's Anatomy
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Structurally, the channel system can be divided into rough or granu lar endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which has ribosomes attached to its outer, cytosolic surface, and smooth or agranular endoplasmic reticulum (SER), which lacks ribosomes. The functions of the endoplasmic reticulum vary greatly and include: the synthesi...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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abundant proteins; SER is abundant in steroid-producing cells and muscle cells. A variant of the endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, involved in calcium storage and release for muscle contraction. For further reading on the endoplasmic reticulum, see Bravo et al (2013).
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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###### Smooth endoplasmic reticulum The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (see Fig. 1.4) is associated with carbohydrate metabolism and many other metabolic processes, including detoxification and synthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroids. The membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum serve as surfaces for the attac...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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###### Rough endoplasmic reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a site of protein synthesis; its cytosolic surface is studded with ribosomes (Fig. 1.5E). Ribosomes only bind to the endoplasmic reticulum when proteins targeted for secretion begin to be synthesized. Most proteins pass through its membranes and accu...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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###### Ribosomes, polyribosomes and protein synthesis Ribosomes are macromolecular machines that catalyse the synthesis of proteins from amino acids; synthesis and assembly into subunits takes place in the nucleolus and includes the association of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) with ribosomal proteins translocated from their si...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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A typical cell contains millions of ribosomes. They may form groups (polyribosomes or polysomes) attached to messenger RNA (mRNA), which they translate during protein synthesis for use outside the system of membrane compartments, e.g. enzymes of the cytosol and cytoskeletal proteins. Some of the cytosolic products inc...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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occupied as ribosomes move along it, synthesizing protein according to its nucleotide sequence. Consequently, the number and spacing of ribosomes in a polyribosome indicate the length of the mRNA molecule and hence the size of the protein being made. The two subunits have separate roles in protein synthesis. The 40S su...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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-----
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
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Gray's Anatomy
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of external signals, including hormones and other ligands, and sites for the recognition and attachment of other cells. Internally, plasma membranes can act as points of attachment for intracellular structures, in particular those concerned with cell motility and other cytoskeletal functions. Cell membranes are synthes...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
6
Gray's Anatomy
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tissue- and cell type-specific antigens are located in the coat, including the major histocompatibility complex of the immune system and, in the case of erythrocytes, blood group antigens. Therefore, the glycocalyx plays a significant role in organ transplant compatibility. The glycocalyx found on apical microvilli of ...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
6
Gray's Anatomy
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###### Compartments and functional organization The cytoplasm consists of the cytosol, a gel-like material enclosed by the cell or plasma membrane. The cytosol is made up of colloidal proteins such as enzymes, carbohydrates and small protein molecules, together with ribosomes and ribonucleic acids. The cytoplasm contai...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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exterior. The cisternal space is continuous with the perinuclear space.
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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Structurally, the channel system can be divided into rough or granu lar endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which has ribosomes attached to its outer, cytosolic surface, and smooth or agranular endoplasmic reticulum (SER), which lacks ribosomes. The functions of the endoplasmic reticulum vary greatly and include: the synthesi...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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abundant proteins; SER is abundant in steroid-producing cells and muscle cells. A variant of the endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, involved in calcium storage and release for muscle contraction. For further reading on the endoplasmic reticulum, see Bravo et al (2013).
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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###### Smooth endoplasmic reticulum The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (see Fig. 1.4) is associated with carbohydrate metabolism and many other metabolic processes, including detoxification and synthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroids. The membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum serve as surfaces for the attac...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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###### Rough endoplasmic reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a site of protein synthesis; its cytosolic surface is studded with ribosomes (Fig. 1.5E). Ribosomes only bind to the endoplasmic reticulum when proteins targeted for secretion begin to be synthesized. Most proteins pass through its membranes and accu...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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###### Ribosomes, polyribosomes and protein synthesis Ribosomes are macromolecular machines that catalyse the synthesis of proteins from amino acids; synthesis and assembly into subunits takes place in the nucleolus and includes the association of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) with ribosomal proteins translocated from their si...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
6
Gray's Anatomy
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A typical cell contains millions of ribosomes. They may form groups (polyribosomes or polysomes) attached to messenger RNA (mRNA), which they translate during protein synthesis for use outside the system of membrane compartments, e.g. enzymes of the cytosol and cytoskeletal proteins. Some of the cytosolic products inc...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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occupied as ribosomes move along it, synthesizing protein according to its nucleotide sequence. Consequently, the number and spacing of ribosomes in a polyribosome indicate the length of the mRNA molecule and hence the size of the protein being made. The two subunits have separate roles in protein synthesis. The 40S su...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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-----
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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of external signals, including hormones and other ligands, and sites for the recognition and attachment of other cells. Internally, plasma membranes can act as points of attachment for intracellular structures, in particular those concerned with cell motility and other cytoskeletal functions. Cell membranes are synthes...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
7
Gray's Anatomy
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tissue- and cell type-specific antigens are located in the coat, including the major histocompatibility complex of the immune system and, in the case of erythrocytes, blood group antigens. Therefore, the glycocalyx plays a significant role in organ transplant compatibility. The glycocalyx found on apical microvilli of ...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
7
Gray's Anatomy
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###### Compartments and functional organization The cytoplasm consists of the cytosol, a gel-like material enclosed by the cell or plasma membrane. The cytosol is made up of colloidal proteins such as enzymes, carbohydrates and small protein molecules, together with ribosomes and ribonucleic acids. The cytoplasm contai...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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exterior. The cisternal space is continuous with the perinuclear space.
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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Structurally, the channel system can be divided into rough or granu lar endoplasmic reticulum (RER), which has ribosomes attached to its outer, cytosolic surface, and smooth or agranular endoplasmic reticulum (SER), which lacks ribosomes. The functions of the endoplasmic reticulum vary greatly and include: the synthesi...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
7
Gray's Anatomy
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abundant proteins; SER is abundant in steroid-producing cells and muscle cells. A variant of the endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, involved in calcium storage and release for muscle contraction. For further reading on the endoplasmic reticulum, see Bravo et al (2013).
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
7
Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Smooth endoplasmic reticulum The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (see Fig. 1.4) is associated with carbohydrate metabolism and many other metabolic processes, including detoxification and synthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroids. The membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum serve as surfaces for the attac...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
7
Gray's Anatomy
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###### Rough endoplasmic reticulum The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a site of protein synthesis; its cytosolic surface is studded with ribosomes (Fig. 1.5E). Ribosomes only bind to the endoplasmic reticulum when proteins targeted for secretion begin to be synthesized. Most proteins pass through its membranes and accu...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
7
Gray's Anatomy
34
###### Ribosomes, polyribosomes and protein synthesis Ribosomes are macromolecular machines that catalyse the synthesis of proteins from amino acids; synthesis and assembly into subunits takes place in the nucleolus and includes the association of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) with ribosomal proteins translocated from their si...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
7
Gray's Anatomy
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A typical cell contains millions of ribosomes. They may form groups (polyribosomes or polysomes) attached to messenger RNA (mRNA), which they translate during protein synthesis for use outside the system of membrane compartments, e.g. enzymes of the cytosol and cytoskeletal proteins. Some of the cytosolic products inc...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
7
Gray's Anatomy
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occupied as ribosomes move along it, synthesizing protein according to its nucleotide sequence. Consequently, the number and spacing of ribosomes in a polyribosome indicate the length of the mRNA molecule and hence the size of the protein being made. The two subunits have separate roles in protein synthesis. The 40S su...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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of external signals, including hormones and other ligands, and sites for the recognition and attachment of other cells. Internally, plasma membranes can act as points of attachment for intracellular structures, in particular those concerned with cell motility and other cytoskeletal functions. Cell membranes are synthes...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
8
Gray's Anatomy
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tissue- and cell type-specific antigens are located in the coat, including the major histocompatibility complex of the immune system and, in the case of erythrocytes, blood group antigens. Therefore, the glycocalyx plays a significant role in organ transplant compatibility. The glycocalyx found on apical microvilli of ...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
8
Gray's Anatomy
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###### Compartments and functional organization The cytoplasm consists of the cytosol, a gel-like material enclosed by the cell or plasma membrane. The cytosol is made up of colloidal proteins such as enzymes, carbohydrates and small protein molecules, together with ribosomes and ribonucleic acids. The cytoplasm contai...
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
PyMuPDF4LLMTextLoader
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Gray's Anatomy
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exterior. The cisternal space is continuous with the perinuclear space.
grays_anatomy.pdf
https://archive.org/download/GraysAnatomy41E2015PDF/Grays%20Anatomy-41%20E%20%282015%29%20%5BPDF%5D.pdf
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