Datasets:

lmqg
/

qag_squad

answers sequence	questions sequence	paragraph stringlengths 151 3.71k	questions_answers stringlengths 37 2.72k
[ "4 Minutes", "Elvis Presley", "thirteenth", "Sticky & Sweet Tour", "$280 million," ]	[ "Which single was released as the album's lead single?", "Madonna surpassed which artist with the most top-ten hits?", "4 minutes became Madonna's which number one single in the UK?", "What is the name of the first tour with Live Nation?", "How much did Stick and Sweet Tour grossed?" ]	"4 Minutes" was released as the album's lead single and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. It was Madonna's 37th top-ten hit on the chart—it pushed Madonna past Elvis Presley as the artist with the most top-ten hits. In the UK she retained her record for the most number-one singles for a female artist; "4...	question: Which single was released as the album's lead single?, answer: 4 Minutes \| question: Madonna surpassed which artist with the most top-ten hits?, answer: Elvis Presley \| question: 4 minutes became Madonna's which number one single in the UK?, answer: thirteenth \| question: What is the name of the first tour wi...
[ "a lawless place\" or \"a place under no jurisdiction", "ramshackle marketplace", "English and Australian" ]	[ "What is the meaning of the name Aslatia in English?", "What was the meaning or term used for Aslace that was used by english people in the 20th century?", "Which nationalities still refer it to Alslace \"ramshackle marketplace\" as of 2007?" ]	"Alsatia", the Latin form of Alsace's name, has long ago entered the English language with the specialized meaning of "a lawless place" or "a place under no jurisdiction" - since Alsace was conceived by English people to be such. It was used into the 20th century as a term for a ramshackle marketplace, "protected by an...	question: What is the meaning of the name Aslatia in English?, answer: a lawless place" or "a place under no jurisdiction \| question: What was the meaning or term used for Aslace that was used by english people in the 20th century?, answer: ramshackle marketplace \| question: Which nationalities still refer it to Alslac...
[ "Petrus Canisius Van Lierde", "Petrus Canisius Van Lierde", "11 am" ]	[ "Who was at the dying pope's bedside?", "Who was the Papal Sacristan for John XXIII?", "When did the pope bid farewell?" ]	"At 11 am Petrus Canisius Van Lierde as Papal Sacristan was at the bedside of the dying pope, ready to anoint him. The pope began to speak for the very last time: "I had the great grace to be born into a Christian family, modest and poor, but with the fear of the Lord. My time on earth is drawing to a close. But Christ...	question: Who was at the dying pope's bedside?, answer: Petrus Canisius Van Lierde \| question: Who was the Papal Sacristan for John XXIII?, answer: Petrus Canisius Van Lierde \| question: When did the pope bid farewell?, answer: 11 am
[ "God Indicates", "roses", "sea lions", "three", "leopard" ]	[ "What does DEUS INDICAT mean?", "what type of flowers did Gules use?", "after the DEUS INDICAT what type of sea animals were pictured?", "in the above quote how many ship and masts were indicated?", "What animal was listed as part of the four fleur-de-lis in the above quote" ]	"Azure, three ships with three masts, rigged and under full sail, the sails, pennants and ensigns Argent, each charged with a cross Gules; on a chief of the second a pale quarterly Azure and Gules, on the 1st and 4th a fleur-de-lis or, on the 2nd and 3rd a leopard or, between two roses Gules seeded Or barbed Vert." The...	question: What does DEUS INDICAT mean?, answer: God Indicates \| question: what type of flowers did Gules use?, answer: roses \| question: after the DEUS INDICAT what type of sea animals were pictured?, answer: sea lions \| question: in the above quote how many ship and masts were indicated?, answer: three \| question: Wha...
[ "\"Tinker to Evers to Chance\"", "Franklin Pierce Adams", "\"Baseball's Sad Lexicon," ]	[ "What was \"Baseball's Sad Lexicon\" also known as?", "Who wrote \"Baseball's Sad Lexicon\"?", "What poem did Franklin Pierce Adams write?" ]	"Baseball's Sad Lexicon," also known as "Tinker to Evers to Chance" after its refrain, is a 1910 baseball poem by Franklin Pierce Adams. The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnn...	question: What was "Baseball's Sad Lexicon" also known as?, answer: "Tinker to Evers to Chance" \| question: Who wrote "Baseball's Sad Lexicon"?, answer: Franklin Pierce Adams \| question: What poem did Franklin Pierce Adams write?, answer: "Baseball's Sad Lexicon,
[ "Hernando de Soto", "Both the Spanish and French established settlements", "Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano", "Native ancestors of the Seminole", "Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more" ]	[ "What conquistador landed in Florida in 1539", "Who established early settlements in Florida", "Who established 1 of the first Us settlements in Florida", "What people were discovered by early settlers of Florida", "What did Spanish settlers introduce to Florida" ]	"By May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a thick wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet (21 m), with intertwined and elevated roots making landing difficult. Very soon, 'many smokes' appeare...	question: What conquistador landed in Florida in 1539, answer: Hernando de Soto \| question: Who established early settlements in Florida, answer: Both the Spanish and French established settlements \| question: Who established 1 of the first Us settlements in Florida, answer: Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano \| question: W...
[ "forces", "Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force", "planning and execution of aerospace forces", "JFC" ]	[ "What are \"Chopped\" units called in the USAF?", "What is the top level structure of these Chopped forces in the USAF?", "What does the C-NAF provide support to?", "Who does the C-NAFF coordinate with on ACEE missions?" ]	"Chopped" units are referred to as forces. The top-level structure of these forces is the Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force (AETF). The AETF is the Air Force presentation of forces to a CCDR for the employment of Air Power. Each CCDR is supported by a standing Component Numbered Air Force (C-NAF) to provide planni...	question: What are "Chopped" units called in the USAF?, answer: forces \| question: What is the top level structure of these Chopped forces in the USAF?, answer: Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force \| question: What does the C-NAF provide support to?, answer: planning and execution of aerospace forces \| question: Who ...
[ "the Voting Rights Act", "the Community Reinvestment Act", "the Civil Rights Act" ]	[ "What act has rules and regulations for bilingual election?", "What act has rules and regulations for meeting the credit needs of minority populations?", "What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic groups?" ]	"Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act). Data on Ethnic Groups are also needed by local governments to run programs...	question: What act has rules and regulations for bilingual election?, answer: the Voting Rights Act \| question: What act has rules and regulations for meeting the credit needs of minority populations?, answer: the Community Reinvestment Act \| question: What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic g...
[ "a manifestation of Earth's communication network", "the Digimon change appearance and become much stronger, often changing in personality as well", "a group of mostly pre-teens", "The group of children who come in contact with the Digital World changes from series to series", "DigiWorld", "DigiWorld", ...	[ "What is the world in which the digimon live?", "What happens to a digimon after they evolve?", "Who accompanies the digimon as they work to save their world?", "Are the children who accompany the digimon always the same?", "What is the world of the digimon called?", "Where are Digimon the inhabitants of?...	"Digimon" are "Digital Monsters". According to the stories, they are inhabitants of the "DigiWorld", a manifestation of Earth's communication network. The stories tell of a group of mostly pre-teens, who accompany special Digimon born to defend their world (and ours) from various evil forces. To help them surmount the ...	question: What is the world in which the digimon live?, answer: a manifestation of Earth's communication network \| question: What happens to a digimon after they evolve?, answer: the Digimon change appearance and become much stronger, often changing in personality as well \| question: Who accompanies the digimon as they...
[ "battle", "the great debt of kindness one owes to his master and ancestors", "loyalty and filial piety" ]	[ "What does a samurai has his heart in the wrong place dislike?", "What debt should samurai not forget?", "What virtues should samurai not be dismissive of?" ]	"First of all, a samurai who dislikes battle and has not put his heart in the right place even though he has been born in the house of the warrior, should not be reckoned among one's retainers....It is forbidden to forget the great debt of kindness one owes to his master and ancestors and thereby make light of the virt...	question: What does a samurai has his heart in the wrong place dislike?, answer: battle \| question: What debt should samurai not forget?, answer: the great debt of kindness one owes to his master and ancestors \| question: What virtues should samurai not be dismissive of?, answer: loyalty and filial piety
[ "Essentials Jr.", "Abigail Breslin", "John Lithgow", "Bill Hader", "2008" ]	[ "What series replaced Funday Night at the Movies?", "Along with Chris O'Donnell, who was the original host of Essentials Jr.?", "Who hosted Essentials Jr. between 2009 and 2011?", "Who began to host Essentials Jr. in 2011?", "In what year did Essentials Jr. replace Funday Night at the Movies?" ]	"Funday Night at the Movies" was replaced in 2008 by "Essentials Jr.", a youth-oriented version of its weekly series The Essentials (originally hosted by actors Abigail Breslin and Chris O'Donnell, then by John Lithgow from 2009 to 2011, and then by Bill Hader starting with the 2011 season), which included such family-...	question: What series replaced Funday Night at the Movies?, answer: Essentials Jr. \| question: Along with Chris O'Donnell, who was the original host of Essentials Jr.?, answer: Abigail Breslin \| question: Who hosted Essentials Jr. between 2009 and 2011?, answer: John Lithgow \| question: Who began to host Essentials Jr....
[ "Thai", "520–570 nm", "the name of a fruit" ]	[ "In which language does the word for \"green\" also mean \"rank\" and \"smelly\"?", "In what range does the color green fall in modern European languages?", "What is the origin of the word \"orange\"?" ]	"Green" in modern European languages corresponds to about 520–570 nm, but many historical and non-European languages make other choices, e.g. using a term for the range of ca. 450–530 nm ("blue/green") and another for ca. 530–590 nm ("green/yellow").[citation needed] In the comparative study of color terms in the world...	question: In which language does the word for "green" also mean "rank" and "smelly"?, answer: Thai \| question: In what range does the color green fall in modern European languages?, answer: 520–570 nm \| question: What is the origin of the word "orange"?, answer: the name of a fruit
[ "a double n", "German", "first", "second", "traditional English spelling" ]	[ "What does the German spelling of Hanover have that English does not?", "Which version of the spelling of Hanover does the local Government use on English websites?", "Which syllable does the English spoken version of Hanover stress?", "Which syllable does the German pronunciation of Hanover stress?", "Whic...	"Hanover" is the traditional English spelling. The German spelling (with a double n) is becoming more popular in English; recent editions of encyclopedias prefer the German spelling, and the local government uses the German spelling on English websites. The English pronunciation /ˈhænəvər/, with stress on the first syl...	question: What does the German spelling of Hanover have that English does not?, answer: a double n \| question: Which version of the spelling of Hanover does the local Government use on English websites?, answer: German \| question: Which syllable does the English spoken version of Hanover stress?, answer: first \| questi...
[ "J. G. Droysen", "History of Hellenism", "Matthew Arnold", "19th", "Hellenism", "19th-century", "J. G. Droysen", "Geschichte des Hellenismus", "Matthew Arnold", "Hebraism" ]	[ "Who wrote Geschichte des Hellenismus?", "What does Geschichte des Hellenismus mean?", "Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?", "What century did Hellenistic become a concept?", "In Culture and Anarchy, Hebraism is contrasted with what?", "The word \"Hellenistic\" was derived in what time period?", "Who coined...	"Hellenistic" is a modern word and a 19th-century concept; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it was J. G. Droysen in the mid-19th century, who in hi...	question: Who wrote Geschichte des Hellenismus?, answer: J. G. Droysen \| question: What does Geschichte des Hellenismus mean?, answer: History of Hellenism \| question: Who wrote Culture and Anarchy?, answer: Matthew Arnold \| question: What century did Hellenistic become a concept?, answer: 19th \| question: In Culture a...
[ "I have sometimes wondered whether a brain like von Neumann's does not indicate a species superior to that of man", "he is regarded as one of the giants of modern mathematics", "most scintillating intellect of this century" ]	[ "What did Nobel Laureate Hans Bethe think of von NEumann's ability?", "What did James Glimm have to say about von Nuemann?", "What description did Peter Lax use for von Neumann?" ]	"I have sometimes wondered whether a brain like von Neumann's does not indicate a species superior to that of man", said Nobel Laureate Hans Bethe of Cornell University. "It seems fair to say that if the influence of a scientist is interpreted broadly enough to include impact on fields beyond science proper, then John ...	question: What did Nobel Laureate Hans Bethe think of von NEumann's ability?, answer: I have sometimes wondered whether a brain like von Neumann's does not indicate a species superior to that of man \| question: What did James Glimm have to say about von Nuemann?, answer: he is regarded as one of the giants of modern ma...
[ "idle people", "music people", "small people", "egg-people", "Zhejiang" ]	[ "What do 'to-min' mean?", "What does 'yoh-hu' mean?", "What does 'si-min' mean?", "What does Tanka mean?", "What is 'Keh Chiang' a romanization for?" ]	"In 1727 the to-min or 'idle people' of Cheh Kiang province (a Ningpo name still existing), the yoh-hu or 'music people' of Shanxi province, the si-min or 'small people' of Kiang Su (Jiangsu) province, and the Tanka people or 'egg-people' of Canton (to this day the boat population there), were all freed from their soci...	question: What do 'to-min' mean?, answer: idle people \| question: What does 'yoh-hu' mean?, answer: music people \| question: What does 'si-min' mean?, answer: small people \| question: What does Tanka mean?, answer: egg-people \| question: What is 'Keh Chiang' a romanization for?, answer: Zhejiang
[ "Junior", "Show Boat", "1929", "All Quiet on the Western Front", "King of Jazz" ]	[ "What was Carl Laemmle Jr.'s nickname?", "What movie was based on an Edna Ferber novel?", "In what year was the musical Broadway produced?", "What movie won the 1930 Academy Award for Best Picture?", "What all-color musical did Universal make in 1930?" ]	"Junior" Laemmle persuaded his father to bring Universal up to date. He bought and built theaters, converted the studio to sound production, and made several forays into high-quality production. His early efforts included the critically mauled part-talkie version of Edna Ferber's novel Show Boat (1929), the lavish musi...	question: What was Carl Laemmle Jr.'s nickname?, answer: Junior \| question: What movie was based on an Edna Ferber novel?, answer: Show Boat \| question: In what year was the musical Broadway produced?, answer: 1929 \| question: What movie won the 1930 Academy Award for Best Picture?, answer: All Quiet on the Western Fro...
[ "Milliken", "Wayne State University", "University of Minnesota" ]	[ "What case is cited as a reason for White people leaving Detroit?", "What school does John Mogk teach at?", "At which school did Myron Orfield teach?" ]	"Milliken was perhaps the greatest missed opportunity of that period," said Myron Orfield, professor of law at the University of Minnesota. "Had that gone the other way, it would have opened the door to fixing nearly all of Detroit's current problems." John Mogk, a professor of law and an expert in urban planning at Wa...	question: What case is cited as a reason for White people leaving Detroit?, answer: Milliken \| question: What school does John Mogk teach at?, answer: Wayne State University \| question: At which school did Myron Orfield teach?, answer: University of Minnesota
[ "\"Near East\"", "\"the Nearer East,\"", "the Biblical lands", "the land of the Old and New Testaments", "on the basis of archaeology" ]	[ "What remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles?", "What variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates?", "There was a need to separate what from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire?", "What did the Christians see the country as?", "How did the ...	"Near East" remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles, but a variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates: "the Nearer East," reverting to the classical and then more scholarly distinction of "nearer" and "farther." They undoubtedly saw a need to separat...	question: What remained popular in diplomatic, trade and journalistic circles?, answer: "Near East" \| question: What variation soon developed among the scholars and the men of the cloth and their associates?, answer: "the Nearer East," \| question: There was a need to separate what from the terrain of the Ottoman Empire...
[ "\"New Labour\"", "1994", "1996", "New Labour, New Life For Britain" ]	[ "What was the other name for the Labout Party?", "When was this branding first used?", "When did Labour publish a new draft manifesto?", "What was this manifesto called?" ]	"New Labour" was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party, dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994, which was later seen in a draft manifesto published by the party in 1996, called New Labour, New Life For Britain. It was a continuation of the trend that had begun unde...	question: What was the other name for the Labout Party?, answer: "New Labour" \| question: When was this branding first used?, answer: 1994 \| question: When did Labour publish a new draft manifesto?, answer: 1996 \| question: What was this manifesto called?, answer: New Labour, New Life For Britain
[ "\"Old Style\" (OS) and \"New Style\"", "1750", "Gregorian calendar", "confusion", "Calendar Act of 1750" ]	[ "What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar?", "When was the Calendar act enacted?", "With what did the Calendar Act align the British calendar?", "What did the use of Old Style and New Style cause?", "What law did the British make to cause th...	"Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some ...	question: What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar?, answer: "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" \| question: When was the Calendar act enacted?, answer: 1750 \| question: With what did the Calendar Act align the British calendar?, answer: Gregorian calendar...
[ "guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons)", "R. D. Crawford", "frequently being bred in captivity and released into the wild.", "peafowl, guinea fowl, mute swan, turkey, various types of geese, the muscovy duck, other ducks and all types of chickens including bantams", "many languages do not distinguish betwe...	[ "What two addtional types of birds are listed in teh Encyclopedia Britanica as poultry?", "Who is the authoor of the book Poultry Breeding and Genetics?", "What is the most likely outout for the common variety of pheasant ?", "Edmund Dixon is most famous for what inclusions in his 1854 book on poultry ?", "...	"Poultry" is a term used for any kind of domesticated bird, captive-raised for its utility, and traditionally the word has been used to refer to wildfowl (Galliformes) and waterfowl (Anseriformes). "Poultry" can be defined as domestic fowls, including chickens, turkeys, geese and ducks, raised for the production of mea...	question: What two addtional types of birds are listed in teh Encyclopedia Britanica as poultry?, answer: guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons) \| question: Who is the authoor of the book Poultry Breeding and Genetics?, answer: R. D. Crawford \| question: What is the most likely outout for the common variety of pheasant...
[ "forensic", "regional ancestry", "specific region", "particular context", "is not itself scientifically valid" ]	[ "What type of anthropology is \"race\" sometimes still used within?", "What term would Brace prefer forensic anthropologists use?", "What can forensic anthropologists determine about the ancestors of someone from their skeletal remains?", "What does Brace feel the term \"black\" in meaningful in?", "Why is ...	"Race" is still sometimes used within forensic anthropology (when analyzing skeletal remains), biomedical research, and race-based medicine. Brace has criticized this, the practice of forensic anthropologists for using the controversial concept "race" out of convention when they in fact should be talking about regional...	question: What type of anthropology is "race" sometimes still used within?, answer: forensic \| question: What term would Brace prefer forensic anthropologists use?, answer: regional ancestry \| question: What can forensic anthropologists determine about the ancestors of someone from their skeletal remains?, answer: spec...
[ "seven heads", "ten", "golden", "a name", "the blood of the martyrs of Jesus" ]	[ "How many heads did the scarlet beast which a woman sat on have?", "The horned scarlet beast that a woman sat on had how many horns?", "What kind of cup did the woman on the scarlet horned beast have?", "What was on the forehead of the woman on the scarlet horned beast?", "Outside of the blood of the saints...	"So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. "And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full ...	question: How many heads did the scarlet beast which a woman sat on have?, answer: seven heads \| question: The horned scarlet beast that a woman sat on had how many horns?, answer: ten \| question: What kind of cup did the woman on the scarlet horned beast have?, answer: golden \| question: What was on the forehead of th...
[ "October 29, 2012", "943 mb", "flooding and power-outages", "photograph", "the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm" ]	[ "When did \"Superstorm Sandy\" strike Atlantic City?", "\"Superstorm Sandy\" produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of what?", "Although \"Superstorm Sandy\" left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas it did cause what two other things to occur?", "What was the source of the misinfor...	"Superstorm Sandy" struck Atlantic City on October 29, 2012, causing flooding and power-outages but left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas including the Boardwalk and casino resorts, despite widespread belief that the city's boardwalk had been destroyed. The source of the misinformation was a widely circulated...	question: When did "Superstorm Sandy" strike Atlantic City?, answer: October 29, 2012 \| question: "Superstorm Sandy" produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of what?, answer: 943 mb \| question: Although "Superstorm Sandy" left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas it did cause what two other th...
[ "Ottomans", "eight", "complete the classes in the lower one", "near mosques", "1331" ]	[ "Who traveled abroad to get an education at madaris?", "How many madaris were started by Mehmed the Conqueror?", "How would a student matriculate to the next level of schooling in the Ottoman Empire?", "Where were Ottoman madaris built?", "When was the first Ottoman madrasa built?" ]	"The first Ottoman Medrese was created in İznik in 1331 and most Ottoman medreses followed the traditions of Sunni Islam." "When an Ottoman sultan established a new medrese, he would invite scholars from the Islamic world—for example, Murad II brought scholars from Persia, such as ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn and Fakhr al-Dīn who help...	question: Who traveled abroad to get an education at madaris?, answer: Ottomans \| question: How many madaris were started by Mehmed the Conqueror?, answer: eight \| question: How would a student matriculate to the next level of schooling in the Ottoman Empire?, answer: complete the classes in the lower one \| question: W...
[ "messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness", "subconsciousness", "mental", "physicist", "mind" ]	[ "How do receive information from the physical world?", "What type of consciousness is similar but not identical to consciousness itself?", "What is the nature of the fundamental character of reality?", "According to the author, who would have particular trouble in accepting that reality is fundamentally menta...	"The mind-stuff of the world is, of course, something more general than our individual conscious minds.... The mind-stuff is not spread in space and time; these are part of the cyclic scheme ultimately derived out of it.... It is necessary to keep reminding ourselves that all knowledge of our environment from which the...	question: How do receive information from the physical world?, answer: messages transmitted along the nerves to the seat of consciousness \| question: What type of consciousness is similar but not identical to consciousness itself?, answer: subconsciousness \| question: What is the nature of the fundamental character of ...
[ "offer our program as a substitute", "motion to recommit and get a vote on that", "say we did our best to come up with a better alternative. Or they could vote for it and make the same argument" ]	[ "What options do minority party have in amendment phase?", "If minority party loses committ of the whole, then what motion may be filed?", "If recommit fails, then what choice needs to be made by minority representatives?" ]	"We used a technique of laying our program out in general debate," he said. When we got to the amendment phase, we would offer our program as a substitute for the Johnson proposal. If we lost in the Committee of the Whole, then we would usually offer it as a motion to recommit and get a vote on that. And if we lost on ...	question: What options do minority party have in amendment phase?, answer: offer our program as a substitute \| question: If minority party loses committ of the whole, then what motion may be filed?, answer: motion to recommit and get a vote on that \| question: If recommit fails, then what choice needs to be made by min...
[ "20 to 30", "St Thomas Apostle London", "Islington", "Turner", "Sun Tavern" ]	[ "How many barrels did Lofting promise his beer pump would deliver hourly?", "What location did John Lofting live near?", "In what London borough did Nicholas Wall reside?", "What was William Tillcar's profession?", "What tavern did William Tillcar live adjacent to?" ]	"Whereas their Majesties have been Graciously Pleased to grant Letters patent to John Lofting of London Merchant for a New Invented Engine for Extinguishing Fires which said Engine have found every great encouragement. The said Patentee hath also projected a Very Useful Engine for starting of beer and other liquors whi...	question: How many barrels did Lofting promise his beer pump would deliver hourly?, answer: 20 to 30 \| question: What location did John Lofting live near?, answer: St Thomas Apostle London \| question: In what London borough did Nicholas Wall reside?, answer: Islington \| question: What was William Tillcar's profession?,...
[ "Digital Monsters", "virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game", "a parallel universe that originated from Earth's various communication networks", "\"Digidestined\" or \"Tamers\"", "trying to destroy the fabric of the Digital world" ]	[ "What does Digimon stand for?", "What forms of entertainment does the Digimon franchise include?", "What is the Digital World in which the Digimon creatures live?", "What are the people who raise Digimon called?", "What are the Digimon villians main goals?" ]	(デジモン Dejimon, branded as Digimon: Digital Monsters, stylized as DIGIMON), short for "Digital Monsters" (デジタルモンスター Dejitaru Monsutā), is a Japanese media franchise encompassing virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game. The franchise focuses on Digimon creatures, which are monsters livi...	question: What does Digimon stand for?, answer: Digital Monsters \| question: What forms of entertainment does the Digimon franchise include?, answer: virtual pet toys, anime, manga, video games, films and a trading card game \| question: What is the Digital World in which the Digimon creatures live?, answer: a parallel ...
[ "Charles de Gaulle", "the French Navy", "Aster", "Marine Nationale", "CATOBAR" ]	[ "What is the name of the 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered carrier commissioned in 2001?", "What is the Charles de Gaulle the flagship of?", "What type of missiles does the Charles de Gaulle carry?", "What is another name for the French Navy?", "What type of carrier is the Charles de Gaulle?" ]	1 CATOBAR carrier: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). The ship carries a complement of Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard, Dassault Rafale M and E‑2C Hawkeye aircraft, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopte...	question: What is the name of the 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered carrier commissioned in 2001?, answer: Charles de Gaulle \| question: What is the Charles de Gaulle the flagship of?, answer: the French Navy \| question: What type of missiles does the Charles de Gaulle carry?, answer: Aster \| question: What is another name ...
[ "STOBAR", "in 1985", "Tbilisi", "carrying a heavy cruiser's complement of defensive weapons and large P-700 Granit offensive missiles", "The P-700 systems" ]	[ "What type of carrier is Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov?", "When was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov first launched?", "What was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov renamed?", "What is unique about Tbilisi?", "What will be removed from Tbilisi in order to enlarge her below decks a...	1 STOBAR carrier: Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov: 55,000 tonne Admiral Kuznetsov-class STOBAR aircraft carrier. Launched in 1985 as Tbilisi, renamed and operational from 1995. Without catapults she can launch and recover lightly fueled naval fighters for air defense or anti-ship missions but not heavy conven...	question: What type of carrier is Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov?, answer: STOBAR \| question: When was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov first launched?, answer: in 1985 \| question: What was Admiral Flota Sovetskovo Soyuza Kuznetsov renamed?, answer: Tbilisi \| question: What is unique about Tbilisi?,...
[ "1,500 V", "two", "the Cascais Line", "Mumbai area" ]	[ "What is most common voltage for DC supply?", "How many narrow-gauge lines in Slovakia?", "What railway line is DC being used in Portugal?", "Where in India line has been converted to AC?" ]	1,500 V DC is used in the Netherlands, Japan, Republic Of Indonesia, Hong Kong (parts), Republic of Ireland, Australia (parts), India (around the Mumbai area alone, has been converted to 25 kV AC like the rest of India), France (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC), New Zealand (Wellington) and the United States (Chicago area on...	question: What is most common voltage for DC supply?, answer: 1,500 V \| question: How many narrow-gauge lines in Slovakia?, answer: two \| question: What railway line is DC being used in Portugal?, answer: the Cascais Line \| question: Where in India line has been converted to AC?, answer: Mumbai area
[ "M8", "no", "West 10th Street", "Newgate Prison", "Newgate Prison" ]	[ "Which bus operates on 10th Street between Avenues D and A and between West Street and Sixth Ave?", "Does the two-way section of 10th Street have a dedicated bike lane?", "The end of what road was once home to Newgate Prison?", "Which prison was New York City's first?", "What was the name of the United Stat...	10th Street (40°44′03″N 74°00′11″W / 40.7342580°N 74.0029670°W / 40.7342580; -74.0029670) begins at the FDR Drive and Avenue C. West of Sixth Avenue, it turns southward about 40 degrees to join the Greenwich Village street grid and continue to West Street on the Hudson River. Because West 4th Street turns northward ...	question: Which bus operates on 10th Street between Avenues D and A and between West Street and Sixth Ave?, answer: M8 \| question: Does the two-way section of 10th Street have a dedicated bike lane?, answer: no \| question: The end of what road was once home to Newgate Prison?, answer: West 10th Street \| question: Which...
[ "Morningside Heights", "112th Street", "112th Street" ]	[ "Where does 112th Street start?", "Which street runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue?", "Which road meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine?" ]	112th Street starts in Morningside Heights and runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue, where it meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine. The street resumes at the eastern edge of Morningside Park and extends through Harlem before ending at First Avenue adjacent Thomas Jefferson Park in East Har...	question: Where does 112th Street start?, answer: Morningside Heights \| question: Which street runs from Riverside Drive to Amsterdam Avenue?, answer: 112th Street \| question: Which road meets the steps of the Cathedral of Saint John the Divine?, answer: 112th Street
[ "Butler Library", "Columbia University", "southern" ]	[ "Which library is Columbia University's largest?", "114th Street marks the southern boundary of which university's Morningside Heights Campus?", "114th Street runs along which boundary of Columbia University's Morningside Heights Campus?" ]	114th Street marks the southern boundary of Columbia University’s Morningside Heights Campus and is the location of Butler Library, which is the University’s largest.	question: Which library is Columbia University's largest?, answer: Butler Library \| question: 114th Street marks the southern boundary of which university's Morningside Heights Campus?, answer: Columbia University \| question: 114th Street runs along which boundary of Columbia University's Morningside Heights Campus?, a...
[ "West 11th Street", "early 20th century", "Old Grapevine", "Grace Church" ]	[ "Which street runs from Broadway to West Street?", "When was the Old Grapevine tavern demolished?", "11th Street and 6th Avenue was the home of what tavern from the 1700s?", "What church interuppts 11th Street between Broadway and Fourth Avenue?" ]	11th Street is in two parts. It is interrupted by the block containing Grace Church between Broadway and Fourth Avenue. East 11th streets runs from Fourth Avenue to Avenue C and runs past Webster Hall. West 11th Street runs from Broadway to West Street. 11th Street and 6th Avenue was the location of the Old Grapevine t...	question: Which street runs from Broadway to West Street?, answer: West 11th Street \| question: When was the Old Grapevine tavern demolished?, answer: early 20th century \| question: 11th Street and 6th Avenue was the home of what tavern from the 1700s?, answer: Old Grapevine \| question: What church interuppts 11th Stre...
[ "Travis Bickle", "122nd Street", "Wizard", "\"Mau Mau Land\"", "Harlem" ]	[ "Who is the main character in Taxi Driver?", "What street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver as the location where a cab driver is assaulted?", "Which character in Taxi Driver deemed 122nd Street as \"Mau Mau Land\"?", "What is the term given to 122nd Street by Wizard in Taxi Driver indicating the area is ...	122nd Street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver by main character Travis Bickle as the location where a fellow cab driver is assaulted with a knife. The street and the surrounding neighborhood of Harlem is then referred to as "Mau Mau Land" by another character named Wizard, slang indicating it is a majority black a...	question: Who is the main character in Taxi Driver?, answer: Travis Bickle \| question: What street is mentioned in the movie Taxi Driver as the location where a cab driver is assaulted?, answer: 122nd Street \| question: Which character in Taxi Driver deemed 122nd Street as "Mau Mau Land"?, answer: Wizard \| question: Wh...
[ "three", "C", "Greenwich Avenue", "13th Street" ]	[ "13th Street is divided into how many parts?", "The first part of 13th Street is a dead end from which Avenue?", "Where does the second part of 13th Street end?", "Which street has its third section between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue?" ]	13th Street is in three parts. The first is a dead end from Avenue C. The second starts at a dead end, just before Avenue B, and runs to Greenwich Avenue, and the third part is from Eighth Avenue to Tenth Avenue.	question: 13th Street is divided into how many parts?, answer: three \| question: The first part of 13th Street is a dead end from which Avenue?, answer: C \| question: Where does the second part of 13th Street end?, answer: Greenwich Avenue \| question: Which street has its third section between Eighth Avenue and Tenth A...
[ "44%", "Portuguese", "centuries", "a Portuguese-based creole language" ]	[ "What percentage of the population speaks Kriol?", "What is the official language of Guinea-Bissau?", "How long was Guinea-Bissau under colonial rule?", "What type of language is Kriol?" ]	14% of the population speaks the official language Portuguese, the language of government and national communication during centuries of colonial rule. 44% speak Kriol, a Portuguese-based creole language, which is effectively a national language of communication among groups. The remainder speak a variety of native Afr...	question: What percentage of the population speaks Kriol?, answer: 44% \| question: What is the official language of Guinea-Bissau?, answer: Portuguese \| question: How long was Guinea-Bissau under colonial rule?, answer: centuries \| question: What type of language is Kriol?, answer: a Portuguese-based creole language
[ "Avenue C", "West Street", "six", "2.1" ]	[ "Where does 14th Street begin?", "Where does 14th Street end?", "How many subway stations are on 14th Street?", "What is the length of 14th Street in miles?" ]	14th Street is a main numbered street in Manhattan. It begins at Avenue C and ends at West Street. Its length is 3.4 km (2.1 mi). It has six subway stations:	question: Where does 14th Street begin?, answer: Avenue C \| question: Where does 14th Street end?, answer: West Street \| question: How many subway stations are on 14th Street?, answer: six \| question: What is the length of 14th Street in miles?, answer: 2.1
[ "155", "155th Street", "155th Street", "Commissioner's Plan of 1811", "Washington Heights" ]	[ "How many crosstown streets are mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811?", "Which street is the northernmost of the streets mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811?", "Which street forms the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights?", "What document established Manhattan's numbered street grid?", ...	155th Street is a major crosstown street considered to form the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights. It is the northernmost of the 155 crosstown streets mapped out in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811 that established the numbered street grid in Manhattan.	question: How many crosstown streets are mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811?, answer: 155 \| question: Which street is the northernmost of the streets mapped in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811?, answer: 155th Street \| question: Which street forms the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights?, answer: 155th ...
[ "Riverside Drive", "St. Nicholas", "490", "1893", "Bradhurst" ]	[ "Where does 155th Street start?", "155th Street crosses Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue, and what other Avenue?", "How many meters long is the viaduct on which 155th Street travels?", "In what year was the viaduct along 155th Street constructed?", "A section of 155th Street connects Harlem River Drive and what A...	155th Street starts on the West Side at Riverside Drive, crossing Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue and St. Nicholas Avenue. At St. Nicholas Place, the terrain drops off steeply, and 155th Street is carried on a 1,600-foot (490 m) long viaduct, a City Landmark constructed in 1893, that slopes down towards the Harlem River, co...	question: Where does 155th Street start?, answer: Riverside Drive \| question: 155th Street crosses Broadway, Amsterdam Avenue, and what other Avenue?, answer: St. Nicholas \| question: How many meters long is the viaduct on which 155th Street travels?, answer: 490 \| question: In what year was the viaduct along 155th Str...
[ "FDR Drive", "16th Street", "Stuyvesant", "Union Square" ]	[ "Where does 15th Street start?", "Which road starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C?", "16th Street pauses at which Square?", "Which Square stops both 15th and 16th Streets?" ]	15th Street starts at FDR Drive, and 16th Street starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C. They are both stopped at Avenue C and continue from First Avenue to West Street, stopped again at Union Square, and 16th Street also pauses at Stuyvesant Square.	question: Where does 15th Street start?, answer: FDR Drive \| question: Which road starts at a dead end half way between FDR Drive and Avenue C?, answer: 16th Street \| question: 16th Street pauses at which Square?, answer: Stuyvesant \| question: Which Square stops both 15th and 16th Streets?, answer: Union Square
[ "Spain", "Portugal", ". Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida", "Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side", "the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Span...	[ "Identify a new country that joined the war in 1762?", "Identify a second new country that joined the war in 1762?", "What city was captured in the first Spain-Portugal conflict?", "Was Portugal on the side of France or Britain?", "Britain sent troops to aid Portugal. What was the result?" ]	1762 brought two new countries into the war. Britain declared war against Spain on 4 January 1762; Spain reacted by issuing their own declaration of war against Britain on 18 January. Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side. Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in ca...	question: Identify a new country that joined the war in 1762?, answer: Spain \| question: Identify a second new country that joined the war in 1762?, answer: Portugal \| question: What city was captured in the first Spain-Portugal conflict?, answer: . Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succe...
[ "Washington Heights", "Plaza Lafayette", "west", "Hudson River", "181st Street" ]	[ "181st Street runs through what neighborhood?", "What is the west end of 181st Street called?", "Does Plaza Lafayette refer to the east or west end of 181st Street?", "Which river does 181st Street run near?", "Which road runs from the Washington Bridge to the Henry Hudson Parkway?" ]	181st Street is a major thoroughfare running through the Washington Heights neighborhood. It runs from the Washington Bridge in the east, to the Henry Hudson Parkway in the west, near the George Washington Bridge and the Hudson River. The west end is called Plaza Lafayette.	question: 181st Street runs through what neighborhood?, answer: Washington Heights \| question: What is the west end of 181st Street called?, answer: Plaza Lafayette \| question: Does Plaza Lafayette refer to the east or west end of 181st Street?, answer: west \| question: Which river does 181st Street run near?, answer: ...
[ "two", "500", "Fort Washington Avenue", "181st Street" ]	[ "How many subway lines serve 181st Street?", "How many metres apart are 181st Street's two subway stations?", "On what avenue is the George Wasington Bridge Bus Terminal?", "Which road is the Trans-Manhattan Expressway's last south/west exit?" ]	181st Street is served by two New York City Subway lines; there is a 181st Street station at Fort Washington Avenue on the IND Eighth Avenue Line (A trains) and a 181st Street station at St. Nicholas Avenue on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line (1 trains). The stations are about 500 metres (550 yd) from each other ...	question: How many subway lines serve 181st Street?, answer: two \| question: How many metres apart are 181st Street's two subway stations?, answer: 500 \| question: On what avenue is the George Wasington Bridge Bus Terminal?, answer: Fort Washington Avenue \| question: Which road is the Trans-Manhattan Expressway's last ...
[ "the Turks", "20000 troops", "Marani", "30000", "reinforcements" ]	[ "Who captured the border front of Saint Nicholas during a night attack?", "How many troops did the Turks have when crossing the Cholok River?", "After giving up their position at Poti and Redut Kale, where did the Russians retreat to?", "How many troops did the Turks send to Gyumri?", "What were the Turks w...	1853: There were four main events. 1. In the north the Turks captured the border fort of Saint Nicholas in a surprise night attack (27/28 October). They then pushed about 20000 troops across the Cholok River border. Being outnumbered the Russians abandoned Poti and Redut Kale and drew back to Marani. Both sides remaine...	question: Who captured the border front of Saint Nicholas during a night attack?, answer: the Turks \| question: How many troops did the Turks have when crossing the Cholok River?, answer: 20000 troops \| question: After giving up their position at Poti and Redut Kale, where did the Russians retreat to?, answer: Marani \|...
[ "the western powers", "8000", "Sukhum Kale", "the Ingur River", "the Tskhenis-dzqali" ]	[ "Who vetoed Omar Pasha from landing in Georgia?", "In September of 1855, how many Turks could be found at Batum?", "When landing at Batum, what were the Turks primary focus?", "What river divides Abkhazia from Georgia?", "What did Omar Pasha finally reach on December 2nd 1855?" ]	1855: Georgian coast: Omar Pasha, the Turkish commander at Crimea had long wanted to land in Georgia, but the western powers vetoed it. When they relented in August most of the campaigning season was lost. In September 8000 Turks landed at Batum, but the main concentration was at Sukhum Kale. This required a 100-mile m...	question: Who vetoed Omar Pasha from landing in Georgia?, answer: the western powers \| question: In September of 1855, how many Turks could be found at Batum?, answer: 8000 \| question: When landing at Batum, what were the Turks primary focus?, answer: Sukhum Kale \| question: What river divides Abkhazia from Georgia?, a...
[ "disease", "75,000", "The local Armenian population", "starve them out", "Erzerum" ]	[ "What caused the number of Turkish soldiers to decrease?", "How man troops were the Turks forces in the east reduced to?", "Who kept Muravyev informed about the Turks at Kar?", "What did Muravyev attend to do to the Turks in order to defeat them?", "What city did Muravyev decide not to take control over?" ]	1855:Kars: In the year up to May 1855 Turkish forces in the east were reduced from 120,000 to 75,000, mostly by disease. The local Armenian population kept Muravyev well-informed about the Turks at Kars and he judged they had about five months of supplies. He therefore decided to control the surrounding area with caval...	question: What caused the number of Turkish soldiers to decrease?, answer: disease \| question: How man troops were the Turks forces in the east reduced to?, answer: 75,000 \| question: Who kept Muravyev informed about the Turks at Kar?, answer: The local Armenian population \| question: What did Muravyev attend to do to ...
[ "Chittenden Avenue", "stairs", "Broadway valley", "Hudson Heights" ]	[ "187th Street runs from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to which avenue in the west?", "What is 187th Street interrupted by?", "Where do the stairs interrupting 187th street lead to?", "An area of 187th Street serves as the main shopping district for which neighborhood?" ]	187th Street crosses Washington Heights and running from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to Chittenden Avenue in the west near the George Washington Bridge and Hudson River. The street is interrupted by a long set of stairs east of Fort Washington Avenue leading to the Broadway valley. West of there, it is mostly lined...	question: 187th Street runs from Laurel Hill Terrace in the east to which avenue in the west?, answer: Chittenden Avenue \| question: What is 187th Street interrupted by?, answer: stairs \| question: Where do the stairs interrupting 187th street lead to?, answer: Broadway valley \| question: An area of 187th Street serves...
[ "Laurel Hill Terrace", "Chittenden Avenue", "187th Street" ]	[ "Which is the eastmost intersection that 187th Street has?", "Which is the westernmost intersection that 187th Street has?", "Wadsworth Avenue is intersected by what street?" ]	187th Street intersects with, from East to West, Laurel Hill Terrace, Amsterdam Avenue, Audubon Avenue, St. Nicholas Avenue, Wadsworth Avenue, Broadway, Bennett Avenue, Overlook Terrace, Fort Washington Avenue, Pinehurst Avenue, Cabrini Boulevard and Chittenden Avenue.	question: Which is the eastmost intersection that 187th Street has?, answer: Laurel Hill Terrace \| question: Which is the westernmost intersection that 187th Street has?, answer: Chittenden Avenue \| question: Wadsworth Avenue is intersected by what street?, answer: 187th Street
[ "subway station", "IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line", "IRT Lexington Avenue Line" ]	[ "What is at the crossing of 18th Street and Seventh Avenue?", "Which train line do the 1 2 trains serve?", "Which train line used to have an 18th Street Station at the crossing with Park Avenue South?" ]	18th Street has a local subway station at the crossing with Seventh Avenue, served by the 1 2 trains on the IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line. There used to be an 18th Street station on the IRT Lexington Avenue Line at the crossing with Park Avenue South.	question: What is at the crossing of 18th Street and Seventh Avenue?, answer: subway station \| question: Which train line do the 1 2 trains serve?, answer: IRT Broadway – Seventh Avenue Line \| question: Which train line used to have an 18th Street Station at the crossing with Park Avenue South?, answer: IRT Lexington A...
[ "1770", "James Cook", "St. James' Church", "Plantation House" ]	[ "When did the Island start to experience a period of prosperity?", "What captain visited the island in 1775 on their trip around the world?", "What church was erected in Jamestown in 1774?", "What is the official residence of the governor?" ]	18th century governors tried to tackle the island's problems by implementing tree plantation, improving fortifications, eliminating corruption, building a hospital, tackling the neglect of crops and livestock, controlling the consumption of alcohol and introducing legal reforms. From about 1770, the island enjoyed a le...	question: When did the Island start to experience a period of prosperity?, answer: 1770 \| question: What captain visited the island in 1775 on their trip around the world?, answer: James Cook \| question: What church was erected in Jamestown in 1774?, answer: St. James' Church \| question: What is the official residence ...
[ "snare-less", "Swedish House Mafia", "Dirty Dutch", "Lady Gaga", "2010" ]	[ "What was different about swedish progressive house music?", "Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, and Steve Angello formed what successful trio?", "What concept is characterized by abrasive leads and darker arpeggios?", "Progressive house blended sounds were prominent in the song \"Marry the Night\" by what popular a...	2010s saw multiple new sounds in house music developed by numerous DJs. Sweden knew a prominence of snare-less "Swedish progressive house" with the emergence of Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, Steve Angello (These three formed a trio called Swedish House Mafia), Avicii, Alesso, etc. Netherlands brought together a concept o...	question: What was different about swedish progressive house music?, answer: snare-less \| question: Sebastian Ingrosso, Axwell, and Steve Angello formed what successful trio?, answer: Swedish House Mafia \| question: What concept is characterized by abrasive leads and darker arpeggios?, answer: Dirty Dutch \| question: P...
[ "Avenue C", "First", "very wide", "20th Street", "in the opposite direction" ]	[ "Where does 10th Street start?", "At which Avenue do 21st and 22nd Streets begin?", "What is different about 20th Street between Avenue C and First Avenue?", "Which street is much wider from Avenue C to First Avenue?", "How does traffic travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st, and 22nd Streets?" ]	20th Street starts at Avenue C, and 21st and 22nd Streets begin at First Avenue. They all end at Eleventh Avenue. Travel on the last block of the 20th, 21st and 22nd Streets, between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, is in the opposite direction than it is on the rest of the respective street. 20th Street is very wide from t...	question: Where does 10th Street start?, answer: Avenue C \| question: At which Avenue do 21st and 22nd Streets begin?, answer: First \| question: What is different about 20th Street between Avenue C and First Avenue?, answer: very wide \| question: Which street is much wider from Avenue C to First Avenue?, answer: 20th S...
[ "modern techniques of organic chemical analysis", "all plant cells are totipotent", "Gottlieb Haberlandt" ]	[ "What enables scientists to better study plants now?", "What opened the door to plant genetic engineering?", "Who introduced the idea that cells could be grown in vitro?" ]	20th century developments in plant biochemistry have been driven by modern techniques of organic chemical analysis, such as spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. With the rise of the related molecular-scale biological approaches of molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, the relationship b...	question: What enables scientists to better study plants now?, answer: modern techniques of organic chemical analysis \| question: What opened the door to plant genetic engineering?, answer: all plant cells are totipotent \| question: Who introduced the idea that cells could be grown in vitro?, answer: Gottlieb Haberland...
[ "220th Street", "228", "263", "Battery Park City", "Alphabet City" ]	[ "What is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island?", "What is the highest street number within the borough of Manhattan?", "What is the highest street number in the Bronx?", "Where is First Place located?", "Where is East First Street located?" ]	220th Street is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island. Marble Hill is also within the borough of Manhattan, so the highest street number in the borough is 228th Street. However, the numbering continues in the Bronx up to 263rd Street. The lowest number is East First Street—which runs in Alphabet City near Eas...	question: What is the highest numbered street on Manhattan Island?, answer: 220th Street \| question: What is the highest street number within the borough of Manhattan?, answer: 228 \| question: What is the highest street number in the Bronx?, answer: 263 \| question: Where is First Place located?, answer: Battery Park Ci...
[ "FDR Drive", "Eleventh Avenue", "3.1 km", "two-way", "five" ]	[ "Where does 23rd Street begin?", "Where does 23rd Street end?", "What is the length of 23rd Street in kilometers?", "Does traffic move in one or two ways on 23rd Street?", "How many local subway stations are on 23rd Street?" ]	23rd Street is another main numbered street in Manhattan. It begins at FDR Drive and ends at Eleventh Avenue. Its length is 3.1 km/1.9m. It has two-way travel. On 23rd Street there are five local subway stations:	question: Where does 23rd Street begin?, answer: FDR Drive \| question: Where does 23rd Street end?, answer: Eleventh Avenue \| question: What is the length of 23rd Street in kilometers?, answer: 3.1 km \| question: Does traffic move in one or two ways on 23rd Street?, answer: two-way \| question: How many local subway sta...
[ "25th Street", "First Avenue", "Madison Square Park", "Madison", "Fifth Avenue" ]	[ "Which street is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue?", "Where does 24th street start?", "Which park is at the end of 24th Street and Madison Avenue?", "Where does 25th Street end?", "After being interrupted, where do 24th and 25th Streets continue from?" ]	24th Street is in two parts. 24th Street starts at First Avenue and it ends at Madison Avenue, because of Madison Square Park. 25th Street, which is in three parts, starts at FDR Drive, is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue, and ends at Madison. Then West 24th and 25th Streets continue from Fi...	question: Which street is a pedestrian plaza between Third Avenue and Lexington Avenue?, answer: 25th Street \| question: Where does 24th street start?, answer: First Avenue \| question: Which park is at the end of 24th Street and Madison Avenue?, answer: Madison Square Park \| question: Where does 25th Street end?, answe...
[ "Moussa Traoré", "three associates", "26 March", "death sentence", "their part in the decision-making" ]	[ "Who was president during the March protests?", "How many people aside from the president received a death sentence?", "What day is now a National holiday in connection to Moussa Traoré?", "All four men were convicted and received what as punishment?", "Those that received the death sentence had gotten it f...	26 March 1991 is the day that marks the clash between military soldiers and peaceful demonstrating students which climaxed in the massacre of dozens under the orders of then President Moussa Traoré. He and three associates were later tried and convicted and received the death sentence for their part in the decision-mak...	question: Who was president during the March protests?, answer: Moussa Traoré \| question: How many people aside from the president received a death sentence?, answer: three associates \| question: What day is now a National holiday in connection to Moussa Traoré?, answer: 26 March \| question: All four men were convicted...
[ "27th Street", "Club Row", "Club Row", "one-way", "Second Avenue" ]	[ "Which street does Club Row occur on?", "Which strip is known for its numerous nightclubs and lounges?", "What is the strip of 27th Street between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues known as?", "Does traffuc on 27th Street run one-way or two-ways?", "Where does 27th Street start?" ]	27th Street is a one-way street runs from Second Avenue to the West Side Highway with an interruption between Eighth Avenue and Tenth Avenue. It is most noted for its strip between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, known as Club Row because it features numerous nightclubs and lounges.	question: Which street does Club Row occur on?, answer: 27th Street \| question: Which strip is known for its numerous nightclubs and lounges?, answer: Club Row \| question: What is the strip of 27th Street between Tenth and Eleventh Avenues known as?, answer: Club Row \| question: Does traffuc on 27th Street run one-way ...
[ "3 kV DC", "25 kV 50 Hz AC", "Western Railroad", "AC" ]	[ "What voltage is being used in railway system of South Africa and Chile?", "Besides using 3kV DC what other power type is used in the former Soviet Union countries?", "What was New Jersey Transit called before?", "What does the railway system of US use DC or AC?" ]	3 kV DC is used in Belgium, Italy, Spain, Poland, the northern Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Chile, and former Soviet Union countries (also using 25 kV 50 Hz AC). It was formerly used by the Milwaukee Road from Harlowton, Montana to Seattle-Tacoma, across the Continental Divide and including extensi...	question: What voltage is being used in railway system of South Africa and Chile?, answer: 3 kV DC \| question: Besides using 3kV DC what other power type is used in the former Soviet Union countries?, answer: 25 kV 50 Hz AC \| question: What was New Jersey Transit called before?, answer: Western Railroad \| question: Wha...
[ "West Side Yard", "Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi", "Grolier Club", "Grand Hotel", "Capuchin Monastery of St. John the Baptist" ]	[ "Where does 31st Street begin?", "Which church is situated at 135-139 West 31st Street?", "Who owned the building at 29 East 32nd Street between 1890 and 1917?", "The corner of Broadway and West 31st Street is home to what business?", "Which religios center is located at 210 West?" ]	31st Street begins on the West Side at the West Side Yard, while 32nd Street, which includes a segment officially known as Korea Way between Fifth Avenue and Broadway in Manhattan's Koreatown, begins at the entrance to Penn Station and Madison Square Garden. On the East Side, both streets end at Second Avenue at Kips B...	question: Where does 31st Street begin?, answer: West Side Yard \| question: Which church is situated at 135-139 West 31st Street?, answer: Catholic church of St. Francis of Assisi \| question: Who owned the building at 29 East 32nd Street between 1890 and 1917?, answer: Grolier Club \| question: The corner of Broadway an...
[ "FDR Drive", "Eleventh Avenue", "35th Street", "35th Street", "35th Street" ]	[ "Where does 35th Street begin?", "Where does 35th Street end?", "On which street does LaptopMD headquarters sit?", "On which street is the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center located?", "Which street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue?" ]	35th Street runs from FDR Drive to Eleventh Avenue. Notable locations include East River Ferry, LaptopMD headquarters, Mercy College Manhattan Campus, and Jacob K. Javits Convention Center.	question: Where does 35th Street begin?, answer: FDR Drive \| question: Where does 35th Street end?, answer: Eleventh Avenue \| question: On which street does LaptopMD headquarters sit?, answer: 35th Street \| question: On which street is the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center located?, answer: 35th Street \| question: Whic...
[ "Riverside Drive", "120th Street", "120th Street", "Maya Angelou", "FDR Drive" ]	[ "On which road does 120th Street begin?", "The Interchurch Center is the start of which street?", "Morningside Park interrupts which street?", "Who formerly lived at 58 West?", "120th Street turns into Paladino Avenue and into a pedestrian bridge across what road?" ]	40°48′27″N 73°57′18″W / 40.8076°N 73.9549°W / 40.8076; -73.9549 120th Street traverses the neighborhoods of Morningside Heights, Harlem, and Spanish Harlem. It begins on Riverside Drive at the Interchurch Center. It then runs east between the campuses of Barnard College and the Union Theological Seminary, then cross...	question: On which road does 120th Street begin?, answer: Riverside Drive \| question: The Interchurch Center is the start of which street?, answer: 120th Street \| question: Morningside Park interrupts which street?, answer: 120th Street \| question: Who formerly lived at 58 West?, answer: Maya Angelou \| question: 120th ...
[ "Marcus Garvey", "Morningside Park", "three", "noncontiguous" ]	[ "Which memorial park divides 122nd Street?", "Which park divides 122nd Street along with Marcus Garvey Memorial Park?", "How many segments is 122nd Street divided into?", "Are 122nd Street's three segments contiguous or noncontiguous?" ]	40°48′32″N 73°57′14″W / 40.8088°N 73.9540°W / 40.8088; -73.9540 122nd Street is divided into three noncontiguous segments, E 122nd Street, W 122nd Street, and W 122nd Street Seminary Row, by Marcus Garvey Memorial Park and Morningside Park.	question: Which memorial park divides 122nd Street?, answer: Marcus Garvey \| question: Which park divides 122nd Street along with Marcus Garvey Memorial Park?, answer: Morningside Park \| question: How many segments is 122nd Street divided into?, answer: three \| question: Are 122nd Street's three segments contiguous or ...
[ "La Salle Street", "Claremont", "West Harlem", "125th Street", "La Salle Street" ]	[ "Which street in West Harlem runs just two blocks between Amersterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue?", "La Salle Street runs between Amsterdam Avenue and which other Avenue?", "In which neighborhood does La Salle Street run?", "Which street was swallowed up to make low income housing projects?", "Which street...	40°48′47″N 73°57′27″W / 40.813°N 73.9575°W / 40.813; -73.9575 La Salle Street is a street in West Harlem that runs just two blocks between Amsterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue. West of Convent Avenue, 125th Street was re-routed onto the old Manhattan Avenue. The original 125th Street west of Convent Avenue was swal...	question: Which street in West Harlem runs just two blocks between Amersterdam Avenue and Claremont Avenue?, answer: La Salle Street \| question: La Salle Street runs between Amsterdam Avenue and which other Avenue?, answer: Claremont \| question: In which neighborhood does La Salle Street run?, answer: West Harlem \| que...
[ "West 132nd Street", "132nd Street", "Park Avenue", "City College", "St. Nicholas Park" ]	[ "There is a small stretch of what road between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue?", "The main portion of what road runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to Park Avenue?", "On what Avenue is a southbound exit and entrance to the Harlem River Drive?", "West 132nd Street is interrupted by St. Nicholas Park ...	40°48′52″N 73°56′53″W / 40.814583°N 73.947944°W / 40.814583; -73.947944 132nd Street runs east-west above Central Park and is located in Harlem just south of Hamilton Heights. The main portion of 132nd Street runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to northern end of Park Avenue where there is a southbound ...	question: There is a small stretch of what road between Broadway and Twelfth Avenue?, answer: West 132nd Street \| question: The main portion of what road runs eastbound from Frederick Douglass Boulevard to Park Avenue?, answer: 132nd Street \| question: On what Avenue is a southbound exit and entrance to the Harlem Rive...
[ "Monte Rosa", "Matterhorn", "48", "Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais" ]	[ "What is the highest mountain in Switzerland?", "What is often regarded as the most famous mountain in Switzerland?", "How many of Switzerland's mountains are at least 4000 meters above sea level?", "Where are both Monte Rosa and Matterhorn located?" ]	48 of Switzerland's mountains are 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) above sea in altitude or higher. At 4,634 m (15,203 ft), Monte Rosa is the highest, although the Matterhorn (4,478 m or 14,692 ft) is often regarded as the most famous. Both are located within the Pennine Alps in the canton of Valais. The section of the Bernese...	question: What is the highest mountain in Switzerland?, answer: Monte Rosa \| question: What is often regarded as the most famous mountain in Switzerland?, answer: Matterhorn \| question: How many of Switzerland's mountains are at least 4000 meters above sea level?, answer: 48 \| question: Where are both Monte Rosa and Ma...
[ "50i, 25p and 50p", "60 Hz", "whole numbers", "ambiguity" ]	[ "What three scanning rates do 50 Hz systems support?", "Which system suports 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p, and 60p", "SD television fractional rates were often rounded to what?", "Strict notation is required with HD fractional rates to avoid what?" ]	50 Hz systems support three scanning rates: 50i, 25p and 50p. 60 Hz systems support a much wider set of frame rates: 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p and 60p. In the days of standard definition television, the fractional rates were often rounded up to whole numbers, e.g. 23.976p was often called 24p, or 5...	question: What three scanning rates do 50 Hz systems support?, answer: 50i, 25p and 50p \| question: Which system suports 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p, and 60p, answer: 60 Hz \| question: SD television fractional rates were often rounded to what?, answer: whole numbers \| question: Strict notation is req...
[ "630", "2,000", "thousands" ]	[ "How many people died because of the bombs dropped on Southampton?", "In addition to casualties, about how many people were wounded by air raids on Southampton?", "Was it hundreds or thousands of buildings in Southampton that sustained damage from air raids?" ]	630 people lost their lives as a result of the air raids on Southampton and nearly 2,000 more were injured, not to mention the thousands of buildings damaged or destroyed.	question: How many people died because of the bombs dropped on Southampton?, answer: 630 \| question: In addition to casualties, about how many people were wounded by air raids on Southampton?, answer: 2,000 \| question: Was it hundreds or thousands of buildings in Southampton that sustained damage from air raids?, answe...
[ "64Zn", "intense gamma radiation", "anti-corrosion agent", "65Zn" ]	[ "What is the most abundant zinc isotope?", "What does 65Zn produce?", "Why is zinc oxide used in nuclear reactors?", "What is used to study how alloys containing zinc wear out?" ]	64Zn, the most abundant isotope of zinc, is very susceptible to neutron activation, being transmuted into the highly radioactive 65Zn, which has a half-life of 244 days and produces intense gamma radiation. Because of this, Zinc Oxide used in nuclear reactors as an anti-corrosion agent is depleted of 64Zn before use, t...	question: What is the most abundant zinc isotope?, answer: 64Zn \| question: What does 65Zn produce?, answer: intense gamma radiation \| question: Why is zinc oxide used in nuclear reactors?, answer: anti-corrosion agent \| question: What is used to study how alloys containing zinc wear out?, answer: 65Zn
[ "Thales of Miletus", "Athens", "Democritus", "Epicurus" ]	[ "Who was one of the first Greeks to adopt a humanistic outlook?", "Where did this type of thinking next travel to?", "Who first introduced the idea that matter is made of atoms?", "Who was the first person to provide education opportunities to females?" ]	6th-century BCE pre-Socratic Greek philosophers Thales of Miletus and Xenophanes of Colophon were the first in the region to attempt to explain the world in terms of human reason rather than myth and tradition, thus can be said to be the first Greek humanists. Thales questioned the notion of anthropomorphic gods and Xe...	question: Who was one of the first Greeks to adopt a humanistic outlook?, answer: Thales of Miletus \| question: Where did this type of thinking next travel to?, answer: Athens \| question: Who first introduced the idea that matter is made of atoms?, answer: Democritus \| question: Who was the first person to provide educ...
[ "83%", "Christianity", "20%", "Ellinah Wamukoya", "14" ]	[ "What percentage of the Swazi population are Christian?", "Which religious belief is most prevelant in Swaziland?", "What amount of Swazi Christians are Roman Catholic?", "Who is the Anglican Bishop of Swaziland?", "How many Jewish families are there in Swaziland?" ]	83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland. Anglican, Protestant and indigenous African churches, including African Zionist, constitute the majority of the Christians (40%), followed by Roman Catholicism at 20% of the population. On 18 July 2012, Ellinah Wamukoy...	question: What percentage of the Swazi population are Christian?, answer: 83% \| question: Which religious belief is most prevelant in Swaziland?, answer: Christianity \| question: What amount of Swazi Christians are Roman Catholic?, answer: 20% \| question: Who is the Anglican Bishop of Swaziland?, answer: Ellinah Wamuko...
[ "shopping", "St Mark's Place", "Avenue D", "Sixth Avenue", "Tompkins Square Park" ]	[ "West 8th Street is an important local street for what activity?", "8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called what?", "Where do 8th and 9th Streets begin?", "Where do 8th and 9th Streets end?", "Which park interrupts 8th and 9th Street at Avenue B?" ]	8th and 9th Streets run parallel to each other, beginning at Avenue D, interrupted by Tompkins Square Park at Avenue B, resuming at Avenue A and continuing to Sixth Avenue. West 8th Street is an important local shopping street. 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called St Mark's Place, but it is counted in...	question: West 8th Street is an important local street for what activity?, answer: shopping \| question: 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called what?, answer: St Mark's Place \| question: Where do 8th and 9th Streets begin?, answer: Avenue D \| question: Where do 8th and 9th Streets end?, answer: Sixth Ave...
[ "East 90th Street", "Our Lady of Good Counsel Church", "Ruppert Towers", "Asphalt Green" ]	[ "Which street begins at East Drive, at Engineers Gate of Central Park?", "Which church is located on East 90th Street between Second and Third Avenue?", "Which towers are located at 1601 and 1619 Third Avenue?", "What is located on East 90th Street between York Avenue and East End Avenue?" ]	90th Street is split into two segments. The first segment, West 90th Street begins at Riverside Drive and ends at Central Park West or West Drive, when it is open, in Central Park on the Upper West Side. The second segment of East 90th Street begins at East Drive, at Engineers Gate of Central Park. When East Drive is c...	question: Which street begins at East Drive, at Engineers Gate of Central Park?, answer: East 90th Street \| question: Which church is located on East 90th Street between Second and Third Avenue?, answer: Our Lady of Good Counsel Church \| question: Which towers are located at 1601 and 1619 Third Avenue?, answer: Ruppert...
[ "a device for pumping beer", "to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar" ]	[ "What is a \"beer engine\"?", "What is the function of a \"beer engine\"?" ]	A "beer engine" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar.	question: What is a "beer engine"?, answer: a device for pumping beer \| question: What is the function of a "beer engine"?, answer: to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar
[ "country pub", "serving travellers as coaching inns", "the last thirty" ]	[ "What is another name for a rural public house?", "What was a function of distant country pubs before the rise of motor vehicles?", "Over what period of years has the traditional function of country pubs been changing?" ]	A "country pub" by tradition is a rural public house. However, the distinctive culture surrounding country pubs, that of functioning as a social centre for a village and rural community, has been changing over the last thirty or so years. In the past, many rural pubs provided opportunities for country folk to meet and ...	question: What is another name for a rural public house?, answer: country pub \| question: What was a function of distant country pubs before the rise of motor vehicles?, answer: serving travellers as coaching inns \| question: Over what period of years has the traditional function of country pubs been changing?, answer:...
[ "\"G\"", "\"stack\"", "the Roman numeral for 100", "$50", "Monopoly money" ]	[ "What is a \"grand\" sometimes shortened to?", "What is another term other than \"large\" that means a stack of mutiple thousands?", "What is a \"C-note\" a reference to?", "Which note is occasionally called a \"yardstick\"?", "What is another term for \"bigface\" notes?" ]	A "grand", sometimes shortened to simply "G", is a common term for the amount of $1,000. The suffix "K" or "k" (from "kilo-") is also commonly used to denote this amount (such as "$10k" to mean $10,000). However, the $1,000 note is no longer in general use. A "large" or "stack", it is usually a reference to a multiple ...	question: What is a "grand" sometimes shortened to?, answer: "G" \| question: What is another term other than "large" that means a stack of mutiple thousands?, answer: "stack" \| question: What is a "C-note" a reference to?, answer: the Roman numeral for 100 \| question: Which note is occasionally called a "yardstick"?, a...
[ "\"lock-in\"", "Licensing Act 2003", "1915", "allowing smoking" ]	[ "What is it called when the owner of a pub allows patrons to remain when the pub should have closed?", "What law allows pubs to apply to extend their closing hours after 11pm?", "A law of what year prompted the existence of the \"lock-in\"?", "What action by a pub owner can result in his prosecution?" ]	A "lock-in" is when a pub owner lets drinkers stay in the pub after the legal closing time, on the theory that once the doors are locked, it becomes a private party rather than a pub. Patrons may put money behind the bar before official closing time, and redeem their drinks during the lock-in so no drinks are technical...	question: What is it called when the owner of a pub allows patrons to remain when the pub should have closed?, answer: "lock-in" \| question: What law allows pubs to apply to extend their closing hours after 11pm?, answer: Licensing Act 2003 \| question: A law of what year prompted the existence of the "lock-in"?, answer...
[ "tag", "album", "tag formats for MP3 files", "a standard container format" ]	[ "What is a section of a file that contains metadeta referred to as?", "What else can metadeta contain other than the title, artist or track number?", "What do MP3 standards not define?", "What would be needed to support metadata and obviate the need for tags?" ]	A "tag" in an audio file is a section of the file that contains metadata such as the title, artist, album, track number or other information about the file's contents. The MP3 standards do not define tag formats for MP3 files, nor is there a standard container format that would support metadata and obviate the need for...	question: What is a section of a file that contains metadeta referred to as?, answer: tag \| question: What else can metadeta contain other than the title, artist or track number?, answer: album \| question: What do MP3 standards not define?, answer: tag formats for MP3 files \| question: What would be needed to support m...
[ "Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations", "54%–60%", "12.7%", "low-level gene flow from surrounding European populations and/or genetic drift during isolation" ]	[ "A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that which two populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries?", "Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome are typically seen between what two percentages in Central and Eastern Europeans?", "Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome were seen in what percentage ...	A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries. In comparison with data available from other relevant populations in the region, Jews were found to be more closely related to groups in the north of the Fertile Crescent. Th...	question: A 2001 study by Nebel et al. showed that which two populations share the same overall paternal Near Eastern ancestries?, answer: Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish populations \| question: Levels of the Eu 19 (R1a) chromosome are typically seen between what two percentages in Central and Eastern Europeans?, answer...
[ "five thousand" ]	[ "In a 2006 study, how many autosomal SNPs were used?" ]	A 2006 study by Seldin et al. used over five thousand autosomal SNPs to demonstrate European genetic substructure. The results showed "a consistent and reproducible distinction between 'northern' and 'southern' European population groups". Most northern, central, and eastern Europeans (Finns, Swedes, English, Irish, Ge...	question: In a 2006 study, how many autosomal SNPs were used?, answer: five thousand
[ "a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup", "ethnic group", "Hasidic or Hareidi sects", "Haredi Jews often have extremely large families" ]	[ "A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a what?", "Ashkenazi Jews, regardless of their place of origin, belong to the same what?", "Members of which two Haredi Jewish sects continue to marry exclusively within the Ashkenazi Jewish population?", "Do Haredi Jews tend to have large or small families?" ]	A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup. Strikingly, regardless of the place of origin, Ashkenazi Jews can be grouped in the same genetic cohort – that is, regardless of whether an Ashkenazi Jew's ancestors came from Poland, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, or any other place with a his...	question: A 2006 study found Ashkenazi Jews to be a what?, answer: a clear, homogeneous genetic subgroup \| question: Ashkenazi Jews, regardless of their place of origin, belong to the same what?, answer: ethnic group \| question: Members of which two Haredi Jewish sects continue to marry exclusively within the Ashkenazi...
[ "2007", "National Science Foundation", "If any one type is removed from the system", "in fresh water" ]	[ "In which year was the study published that found biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent?", "Who conducted the 2007 study?", "What can cause a break down of a biodiversity system?", "Where are the most threatened ecosystems found?" ]	A 2007 study conducted by the National Science Foundation found that biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent—that diversity among species requires diversity within a species, and vice versa. "If any one type is removed from the system, the cycle can break down, and the community becomes dominated by a single...	question: In which year was the study published that found biodiversity and genetic diversity are codependent?, answer: 2007 \| question: Who conducted the 2007 study?, answer: National Science Foundation \| question: What can cause a break down of a biodiversity system?, answer: If any one type is removed from the syste...
[ "thiazide antihypertensive drugs", "Cochrane", "combination therapy", "reduce the risk of new onset kidney disease [RR 0.71] and death [RR 0.84] in diabetic patients", "2009", "ACE inhibitors", "thiazide antihypertensive drugs", "2009" ]	[ "What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with high blood pressure?", "Who conducted the review on Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs?", "What were Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs used with?", "What do ACE inhibitors do?", "In what year did Cochrane release the report?", "What reduces t...	A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide...	question: What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with high blood pressure?, answer: thiazide antihypertensive drugs \| question: Who conducted the review on Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs?, answer: Cochrane \| question: What were Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs used with?, answer: combination the...
[ "35 to 55 percent", "admixture is considerably higher", "a genetically more divergent population", "more diverse", "Ashkenazim are supposed to be a subset, not a superset" ]	[ "What percentage of the modern Ashkenazi genome could possibly be of European origin?", "Is the percentage of admixture in the modern Ashkenazi genome higher or lower than previously thought?", "Were Ashkenazi Jews found to be a more or less genetically divergent population than Russians, Orcadians, French, and...	A 2010 study by Bray et al., using SNP microarray techniques and linkage analysis found that when assuming Druze and Palestinian Arab populations to represent the reference to world Jewry ancestor genome, between 35 to 55 percent of the modern Ashkenazi genome can possibly be of European origin, and that European "admi...	question: What percentage of the modern Ashkenazi genome could possibly be of European origin?, answer: 35 to 55 percent \| question: Is the percentage of admixture in the modern Ashkenazi genome higher or lower than previously thought?, answer: admixture is considerably higher \| question: Were Ashkenazi Jews found to b...
[ "Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews", "modern-day Italians", "inter-marriage and conversions in the time of the Roman Empire" ]	[ "In a 2010 study, which two groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent analysis?", "The 2010 study found that what modern population is most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews?", "Ashkenazi Jews and Italians may be genetically similar due to what two factors?" ]	A 2010 study on Jewish ancestry by Atzmon-Ostrer et al. stated "Two major groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent (IBD) analysis: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews. The IBD segment sharing and the proximity of European Jews to each other and to southern European p...	question: In a 2010 study, which two groups were identified by principal component, phylogenetic, and identity by descent analysis?, answer: Middle Eastern Jews and European/Syrian Jews \| question: The 2010 study found that what modern population is most closely related to Ashkenazi Jews?, answer: modern-day Italians \|...
[ "2011", "New Brunswick", "carbon dating", "395 to 400" ]	[ "What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered?", "In which Canadian province were the oldest woody plants found?", "If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood?", "How many millions of years old were the plants that were discovered in New Brunswick?" ]	A 2011 discovery in the Canadian province of New Brunswick uncovered the earliest known plants to have grown wood, approximately 395 to 400 million years ago. Wood can be dated by carbon dating and in some species by dendrochronology to make inferences about when a wooden object was created.	question: What year were the earliest plants that grew wood discovered?, answer: 2011 \| question: In which Canadian province were the oldest woody plants found?, answer: New Brunswick \| question: If dendrochronology can't be used, what method would scientists employ to date wood?, answer: carbon dating \| question: How ...
[ "Translational Genomics Research", "47%", "Thorough cooking of the product would kill these bacteria,", "a risk of cross-contamination from improper handling of the raw product is still present" ]	[ "When is it possible for baccteria is enter into poultry before you get it home?", "What percentage of poultry is tainted with Staphylococcus bacteria?", "Are the bacteria that is found on poultry easy to get rid of?", "What considerations do consumers need when using safe handling procedures with poultry reg...	A 2011 study by the Translational Genomics Research Institute showed that 47% of the meat and poultry sold in United States grocery stores was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, and 52% of the bacteria concerned showed resistance to at least three groups of antibiotics. Thorough cooking of the product would kill ...	question: When is it possible for baccteria is enter into poultry before you get it home?, answer: Translational Genomics Research \| question: What percentage of poultry is tainted with Staphylococcus bacteria?, answer: 47% \| question: Are the bacteria that is found on poultry easy to get rid of?, answer: Thorough cook...
[ "2013", "24,000-year-old", "Mal'ta-Buret'", "western Eurasians", "14 to 38 percent" ]	[ "When was a study about the DNA of a young boy published in Nature?", "How old was the young boy's remains?", "What culture was the boy from?", "What may one-third of the indigenous Americans ancestry be traced back to?", "What percent of Native American ancestry may originate through gene flow from the Mal...	A 2013 study in Nature reported that DNA found in the 24,000-year-old remains of a young boy from the archaeological Mal'ta-Buret' culture suggest that up to one-third of the indigenous Americans may have ancestry that can be traced back to western Eurasians, who may have "had a more north-easterly distribution 24,000 ...	question: When was a study about the DNA of a young boy published in Nature?, answer: 2013 \| question: How old was the young boy's remains?, answer: 24,000-year-old \| question: What culture was the boy from?, answer: Mal'ta-Buret' \| question: What may one-third of the indigenous Americans ancestry be traced back to?, a...
[ "30 geneticists", "found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews", "13 universities and academies" ]	[ "How many geneticists carried out the 2013 trans-genome study?", "What did the 2013 trans-genome study find in regards to Ashkenazi Jews and Khazar origins?", "How many universities and academies participated in the 2013 trans-genome study?" ]	A 2013 trans-genome study carried out by 30 geneticists, from 13 universities and academies, from 9 countries, assembling the largest data set available to date, for assessment of Ashkenazi Jewish genetic origins found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews. "Thus, analysis of Ashkenazi Jews together with a ...	question: How many geneticists carried out the 2013 trans-genome study?, answer: 30 geneticists \| question: What did the 2013 trans-genome study find in regards to Ashkenazi Jews and Khazar origins?, answer: found no evidence of Khazar origin among Ashkenazi Jews \| question: How many universities and academies particip...
[ "a Samaritan synagogue", "typical Jewish symbols", "Greek", "cultic", "the floor of the Beit Alfa synagogue" ]	[ "A 5th-century building in Huldah is believed to be what?", "What does the mosaic at Huldah contain?", "What language are the inscriptions on the mosaic at Huldah?", "The synagogue located in Bet She'an had what kind of symbols depicted in its mosaic?", "The masters who built the floor in the synagogue at B...	A 5th-century building in Huldah may be a Samaritan synagogue. Its mosaic floor contains typical Jewish symbols (menorah, lulav, etrog) but the inscriptions are Greek. Another Samaritan synagogue with a mosaic floor was located in Bet She'an (excavated in 1960). The floor had only decorative motifs and an aedicule (shr...	question: A 5th-century building in Huldah is believed to be what?, answer: a Samaritan synagogue \| question: What does the mosaic at Huldah contain?, answer: typical Jewish symbols \| question: What language are the inscriptions on the mosaic at Huldah?, answer: Greek \| question: The synagogue located in Bet She'an had...
[ "on a swing arm", "780 nm", "photodiode", "spiral", "change in height between pits and lands" ]	[ "Where is the semiconductor laser found in a CD player?", "What wavelenght is used to pull data from a CD?", "What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD?", "In what pattern is data stored on a CD?", "What createds the change in light reflected off of a CD?" ]	A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the dat...	question: Where is the semiconductor laser found in a CD player?, answer: on a swing arm \| question: What wavelenght is used to pull data from a CD?, answer: 780 nm \| question: What is used to discern the change of intensity in light on a CD?, answer: photodiode \| question: In what pattern is data stored on a CD?, answ...
[ "Christian", "Jesus Christ", "Christós", "mashiach" ]	[ "What is a person who follows Christianity called?", "Whose life do Christians learn from?", "What Greek word is Christian derived from?", "Christós is translated from what Biblical term?" ]	A Christian ( pronunciation (help·info)) is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. "Christian" derives from the Koine Greek word Christós (Χριστός), a translation of the Biblical Hebrew term mashiach.	question: What is a person who follows Christianity called?, answer: Christian \| question: Whose life do Christians learn from?, answer: Jesus Christ \| question: What Greek word is Christian derived from?, answer: Christós \| question: Christós is translated from what Biblical term?, answer: mashiach
[ "thousands of human years", "Adabas, Oracle and DB2", "spread over a large number of users", "an email system" ]	[ "How long can it take to create a DBMS?", "Name three DBMSs that have been used since the 1970s.", "How is the cost to create a DBMS distributed?", "Name an example of a general-purpose DBMS." ]	A DBMS has evolved into a complex software system and its development typically requires thousands of human years of development effort.[a] Some general-purpose DBMSs such as Adabas, Oracle and DB2 have been undergoing upgrades since the 1970s. General-purpose DBMSs aim to meet the needs of as many applications as poss...	question: How long can it take to create a DBMS?, answer: thousands of human years \| question: Name three DBMSs that have been used since the 1970s., answer: Adabas, Oracle and DB2 \| question: How is the cost to create a DBMS distributed?, answer: spread over a large number of users \| question: Name an example of a gen...
[ "tuberculosis", "use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors", "1946-1955", "Federal Trade Commission", "mortality rates", "56%", "75%", "Federal Trade Commission", "1958" ]	[ "What disease had the biggest decline of deaths?", "What was responsible for the decline in spreading diseases?", "What period was the report issued in 1958 cover?", "Who issued the report in 1958?", "What were eight diseases examined for?", "How much did the mortality rate of common bacterial infections ...	A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic...	question: What disease had the biggest decline of deaths?, answer: tuberculosis \| question: What was responsible for the decline in spreading diseases?, answer: use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors \| question: What period was the report issued in 1958 cover?, answer: 1946-1955 \| question: Who issued t...
[ "Franconian", "Tiel", "5th", "vadam", "mudflat" ]	[ "What's another term for \"Frankish\"?", "What city is closest to the Bergakker inscription?", "To which century do some researchers attribute the Bergakker inscription?", "What word found in Roman writings became \"wad\" in modern Dutch?", "What does the Dutch word \"wad\" mean in English?" ]	A Frankish identity emerged and so did their Frankish or Franconian language. The language itself is poorly attested. A notable exception is the Bergakker inscription, found near the Dutch city of Tiel, which may represent a primary record of 5th-century Frankish. Although some placenames recorded in Roman texts could ...	question: What's another term for "Frankish"?, answer: Franconian \| question: What city is closest to the Bergakker inscription?, answer: Tiel \| question: To which century do some researchers attribute the Bergakker inscription?, answer: 5th \| question: What word found in Roman writings became "wad" in modern Dutch?, a...
[ "£2,652", "Common Agricultural Policy", "environmental improvements" ]	[ "How much had Eton received in farming subsidies in 2005?", "Under what policy was Eton able to receive funds without farming?", "What did Panorama say was the documented reason Eton was eligible for farming subsidies?" ]	A Freedom of Information request in 2005 revealed that Eton had received £2,652 in farming subsidies in 2004 under the Common Agricultural Policy. Asked to explain under what grounds it was eligible to receive farming subsidies, Eton admitted that it was 'a bit of a mystery'. The TaxPayers' Alliance also stated that Et...	question: How much had Eton received in farming subsidies in 2005?, answer: £2,652 \| question: Under what policy was Eton able to receive funds without farming?, answer: Common Agricultural Policy \| question: What did Panorama say was the documented reason Eton was eligible for farming subsidies?, answer: environmental...

End of preview. Expand in Data Studio

Dataset Card for "lmqg/qag_squad"

Dataset Summary

This is the question & answer generation dataset based on the SQuAD.

Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

question-answer-generation: The dataset is assumed to be used to train a model for question & answer generation. Success on this task is typically measured by achieving a high BLEU4/METEOR/ROUGE-L/BERTScore/MoverScore (see our paper for more in detail).

Languages

English (en)

Dataset Structure

An example of 'train' looks as follows.

{
  "paragraph": "\"4 Minutes\" was released as the album's lead single and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. It was Madonna's 37th top-ten hit on the chart—it pushed Madonna past Elvis Presley as the artist with the most top-ten hits. In the UK she retained her record for the most number-one singles for a female artist; \"4 Minutes\" becoming her thirteenth. At the 23rd Japan Gold Disc Awards, Madonna received her fifth Artist of the Year trophy from Recording Industry Association of Japan, the most for any artist. To further promote the album, Madonna embarked on the Sticky & Sweet Tour; her first major venture with Live Nation. With a gross of $280 million, it became the highest-grossing tour by a solo artist then, surpassing the previous record Madonna set with the Confessions Tour; it was later surpassed by Roger Waters' The Wall Live. It was extended to the next year, adding new European dates, and after it ended, the total gross was $408 million.",
  "questions": [
    "Which single was released as the album's lead single?",
    "Madonna surpassed which artist with the most top-ten hits?",
    "4 minutes became Madonna's which number one single in the UK?",
    "What is the name of the first tour with Live Nation?",
    "How much did Stick and Sweet Tour grossed?"
  ],
  "answers": [
    "4 Minutes",
    "Elvis Presley",
    "thirteenth",
    "Sticky & Sweet Tour",
    "$280 million,"
  ],
  "questions_answers": "question: Which single was released as the album's lead single?, answer: 4 Minutes | question: Madonna surpassed which artist with the most top-ten hits?, answer: Elvis Presley | question: 4 minutes became Madonna's which number one single in the UK?, answer: thirteenth | question: What is the name of the first tour with Live Nation?, answer: Sticky & Sweet Tour | question: How much did Stick and Sweet Tour grossed?, answer: $280 million,"
  }

The data fields are the same among all splits.

questions: a list of string features.
answers: a list of string features.
paragraph: a string feature.
questions_answers: a string feature.

Data Splits

train	validation	test
16462	2067	2429

Citation Information

@inproceedings{ushio-etal-2022-generative,
    title = "{G}enerative {L}anguage {M}odels for {P}aragraph-{L}evel {Q}uestion {G}eneration",
    author = "Ushio, Asahi  and
        Alva-Manchego, Fernando  and
        Camacho-Collados, Jose",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = dec,
    year = "2022",
    address = "Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
}

Downloads last month: 116

Models trained or fine-tuned on lmqg/qag_squad

Paper for lmqg/qag_squad

Generative Language Models for Paragraph-Level Question Generation

Paper • 2210.03992 • Published Oct 8, 2022