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Unicode - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Unicode
=======
Unicode is a standard character set that numbers and defines characters from the world's different languages, writing systems, and symbols.
By assigning each character a number, programmers can create character encodings, to let computers store, process, and transmit any combination of languages in th... |
Binding - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Binding
=======
In programming, a **binding** is an association of an identifier with a value. Not all bindings are variables — for example, function parameters and the binding created by the `catch (e)` block are not "variables" in the strict sense. In addition, some bindings are implicitly created by the language — ... |
Submit button - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Submit button
=============
A **submit button** is an element in HTML that can be used to submit a `<form>`. The native submit button elements are:
* `<button>` (its default `type` is `"submit"`)
* `<input type="submit">`
* `<input type="image">`
In addition to submitting a form, a submit button can affect the form'... |
Raster image - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Raster image
============
A ***raster image*** is an image file defined as a grid of pixels. They're also referred to as *bitmaps*. Common raster image formats on the Web are JPEG, PNG, GIF, and ICO.
Raster image files usually contain one set of dimensions, but the ICO and CUR formats, used for favicons and CSS curso... |
Proxy server - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Proxy server
============
A **proxy server** is an intermediate program or computer used when navigating through different networks of the Internet. They facilitate access to content on the World Wide Web. A proxy intercepts requests and serves back responses; it may forward the requests, or not (for example in the ca... |
RTCP (RTP Control Protocol) - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | RTCP (RTP Control Protocol)
===========================
The **RTP Control Protocol** (**RTCP**) is a partner to the RTP protocol. RTCP is used to provide control and statistical information about an RTP media streaming session.
This lets control and statistics packets be separated logically and functionally from the ... |
Polymorphism - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Polymorphism
============
Polymorphism is the presentation of one interface for multiple data types.
For example, integers, floats, and doubles are implicitly polymorphic: regardless of their different types, they can all be added, subtracted, multiplied, and so on.
In the case of OOP, by making the class responsibl... |
XSLT - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | XSLT
====
*eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations* (**XSLT**) is a declarative language used to convert XML documents into other XML documents, HTML, PDF, plain text, and so on.
XSLT has its own processor that accepts XML input, or any format convertible to an XQuery and XPath Data Model. The XSLT processor p... |
Object - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Object
======
In JavaScript, objects can be seen as a collection of properties. With the object literal syntax, a limited set of properties are initialized; then properties can be added and removed. Property values can be values of any type, including other objects, which enables building complex data structures. Prop... |
ATAG - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | ATAG
====
ATAG (Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines) is a W3C recommendation for building accessible-authoring tools that produce accessible contents.
See also
--------
* ATAG as part of the Web Accessibility Initiative on WikiPedia
* Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines (ATAG) Overview
* The ATAG 2.0 recomme... |
Event - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Event
=====
Events are assets generated by DOM elements, which can be manipulated by a JavaScript code.
See also
--------
* Event documentation on MDN
* Official website
* DOM Events on Wikipedia |
Tree shaking - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Tree shaking
============
**Tree shaking** is a term commonly used within a JavaScript context to describe the removal of dead code.
It relies on the import and export statements to detect if code modules are exported and imported for use between JavaScript files.
In modern JavaScript applications, we use module bun... |
SISD - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | SISD
====
SISD is short for **Single Instruction/Single Data** which is one classification of computer architectures. In SISD architecture, a single processor executes a single instruction and operates on a single data point in memory.
See also SIMD for a parallel architecture that allows one same operation to be per... |
Dominator - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Dominator
=========
In graph theory, node A dominates node B if every path from the root node to B passes through A.
This concept is important for garbage collection because it means that B is only reachable through A. So if the garbage collector found A to be unreachable and eligible for reclaiming, than B would als... |
Script-supporting element - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Script-supporting element
=========================
In an HTML document, **script-supporting elements** are those elements that don't directly contribute to the appearance or layout of the page; instead, they're either scripts or contain information that's only used by scripts.
These elements may be important, but do... |
Largest contentful paint - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Largest contentful paint
========================
The **Largest Contentful Paint** (LCP) performance metric provides the render time of the largest image or text block visible within the viewport, recorded from when the page first begins to load.
The following elements are considered when determining the LCP:
* `<im... |
Repaint - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Repaint
=======
**Repaint** happens when a browser redraws a web page to show the visual updates resulting from a UI change, such as after an update on an interactive site. This usually follows reflowing, which is when the browser recalculates the position and geometry of certain parts of a web page.
See also
-------... |
Gecko - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Gecko
=====
**Gecko** is the layout engine developed by the Mozilla Project and used in many apps/devices, including Firefox and Firefox OS.
Web browsers need software called a layout engine to interpret HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and embedded content (like images) and draw everything to your screen. Besides this, Gecko ... |
Descriptor (CSS) - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Descriptor (CSS)
================
A **CSS descriptor** defines the characteristics of an at-rule. At-rules may have one or multiple descriptors. Each descriptor has:
* A name
* A value, which holds the component values
* An "!important" flag, which in its default state is unset |
Shim - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Shim
====
A **shim** is a piece of code used to correct the behavior of code that already exists, usually by adding new API that works around the problem. This differs from a polyfill, which implements a new API that is not supported by the stock browser as shipped.
See also
--------
* Shim on Wikipedia |
Null - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Null
====
In computer science, a **`null`** value represents a reference that points, generally intentionally, to a nonexistent or invalid object or address. The meaning of a null reference varies among language implementations.
In JavaScript, `null` is marked as one of the primitive values, because its behavior is s... |
Cryptanalysis - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Cryptanalysis
=============
**Cryptanalysis** is the branch of cryptography that studies how to break codes and cryptosystems. Cryptanalysis creates techniques to break ciphers, in particular by methods more efficient than a brute-force search. In addition to traditional methods like frequency analysis and index of co... |
Python - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Python
======
**Python** is a high level general-purpose programming language. It uses a multi-paradigm approach, meaning it supports procedural, object-oriented, and some functional programming constructs.
It was created by Guido van Rossum as a successor to another language (called ABC) between 1985 and 1990, and i... |
Pseudocode - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Pseudocode
==========
Pseudocode refers to code-like syntax that is generally used to indicate to humans how some code syntax works, or illustrate the design of an item of code architecture. It **won't** work if you try to run it as code.
See also
--------
* Pseudocode on Wikipedia. |
JSON - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | JSON
====
*JavaScript Object Notation* (**JSON**) is a data-interchange format. Although not a strict subset, JSON closely resembles a subset of JavaScript syntax. Though many programming languages support JSON, it is especially useful for JavaScript-based apps, including websites and browser extensions.
JSON can rep... |
MathML - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | MathML
======
**MathML** (an XML application) is an open standard for representing mathematical expressions in webpages. In 1998 the W3C first recommended MathML for representing mathematical expressions in the browser. MathML has other applications also including scientific content and voice synthesis.
See also
----... |
Safe - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Safe
====
The term **safe** can have several meanings depending on the context. It may refer to:
Safe (HTTP Methods)
An HTTP method is **safe** if it doesn't alter the state of the server. In other words, a method is safe if it leads to a read-only operation. Several common HTTP methods are safe: `GET`, `HEAD`, or `O... |
Closure - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Closure
=======
The binding which defines the **scope** of execution. In JavaScript, **functions** create a closure context.
See also
--------
* Closure on Wikipedia
* Closure on MDN |
Progressive Enhancement - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Progressive Enhancement
=======================
**Progressive enhancement** is a design philosophy that provides a baseline of essential content and functionality to as many users as possible, while delivering the best possible experience only to users of the most modern browsers that can run all the required code.
T... |
Scope - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Scope
=====
The **scope** is the current context of execution in which values and expressions are "visible" or can be referenced. If a variable or expression is not in the current scope, it will not be available for use. Scopes can also be layered in a hierarchy, so that child scopes have access to parent scopes, but ... |
HTTPS RR - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | HTTPS RR
========
**HTTPS RR** (***HTTPS Resource Records***) are a type of DNS record that delivers configuration information and parameters for how to access a service via HTTPS.
An *HTTPS RR* can be used to optimize the process of connecting to a service using HTTPS.
Further, the presence of an *HTTPS RR* signal... |
MitM - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | MitM
====
A **manipulator-in-the-middle attack** (MitM) intercepts a communication between two systems. For example, a Wi-Fi router can be compromised.
Comparing this to physical mail: If you're writing letters to each other, the mail carrier can intercept each letter you mail. They open it, read it, eventually modif... |
NAT - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | NAT
===
**NAT** (Network Address Translation) is a technique for letting multiple computers share an IP address. NAT assigns unique addresses to each computer on the local network and adjusts incoming/outgoing network traffic to send data to the right place.
See also
--------
* WebRTC protocols
* Network address tra... |
WebVTT - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | WebVTT
======
WebVTT (Web Video Text Tracks) is a W3C specification for a file format marking up text track resources in combination with the HTML `<track>` element.
WebVTT files provide metadata that is time-aligned with audio or video content like captions or subtitles for video content, text video descriptions, ch... |
Cacheable - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Cacheable
=========
A **cacheable** response is an HTTP response that can be cached, that is stored to be retrieved and used later, saving a new request to the server. Not all HTTP responses can be cached; these are the constraints for an HTTP response to be cacheable:
* The method used in the request is *cacheable*,... |
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)
==========================
Secure Sockets Layer, or SSL, was the old standard security technology for creating an encrypted network link between a server and client, ensuring all data passed is private and secure. The current version of SSL is version 3.0, released by Netscape in 1996, and h... |
WHATWG - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | WHATWG
======
The WHATWG (*Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group*) is a community that maintains and develops web standards, including DOM, Fetch, and HTML. Employees of Apple, Mozilla, and Opera established WHATWG in 2004.
See also
--------
* WHATWG website
* WHATWG on Wikipedia |
Symbol - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Symbol
======
A **symbol** is a data type that represents unique, unforgeable identifiers. They are sometimes called *atoms*.
Because a symbol is unique and unforgeable, you can only read a property value associated with a symbol if you have a reference to the original identifier.
In JavaScript, `symbol` is one of t... |
IPv4 - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | IPv4
====
IPv4 is the fourth version of the communication protocol underlying the Internet and the first version to be widely deployed.
First formalized in 1981, IPv4 traces its roots to the initial development work for ARPAnet. IPv4 is a connectionless protocol to be used on packet-switched Link layer networks (ethe... |
Flex - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Flex
====
`flex` is a new value added to the CSS `display` property. Along with `inline-flex` it causes the element that it applies to in order to become a flex container, and the element's children to each become a flex item. The items then participate in flex layout, and all of the properties defined in the CSS Flex... |
Attribute - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Attribute
=========
An **attribute** extends an HTML or XML element, changing its behavior or providing metadata.
An attribute always has the form `name="value"` (the attribute's identifier followed by its associated value).
You may see attributes without the equals sign or a value. That is a shorthand for providing... |
Copyleft - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Copyleft
========
Copyleft is a term, usually referring to a license, used to indicate that such license requires that redistribution of said work is subject to the same license as the original. Examples of copyleft licenses are the GNU GPL (for software) and the Creative Commons SA (Share Alike) licenses (for works o... |
Bitwise flags - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Bitwise flags
=============
**Bitwise flags** are sets of variables, usually simple number values, which can be used to enable or disable specific usages or features of a method or other code structure. They can do this quickly and efficiently because they operate at the bit level. Related flags in the same group are ... |
SGML - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | SGML
====
The *Standard Generalized Markup Language* (**SGML**) is an ISO specification for defining declarative markup languages.
On the web, HTML 4, XHTML, and XML are popular SGML-based languages. It is worth noting that since its fifth edition, HTML is no longer SGML-based and has its own parsing rules.
See also... |
Kebab case - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Kebab case
==========
**Kebab case** is a way of writing phrases without spaces, where spaces are replaced with hyphens `-`, and the words are typically all lower case. The name comes from the similarity of the words to meat on a kebab skewer. It's often stylized as "kebab-case" to remind the reader of its appearance.... |
Digital certificate - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Digital certificate
===================
A digital certificate is a data file that binds a publicly known cryptographic key to an organization.
A digital certificate contains information about an organization, such as the common name (e.g., mozilla.org), the organization unit (e.g., Mozilla Corporation), and the locat... |
Global variable - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Global variable
===============
A global variable is a variable that is declared in the global scope in other words, a variable that is visible from all other scopes.
In JavaScript it is a property of the global object.
See also
--------
* Global variable on Wikipedia |
Search engine - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Search engine
=============
A search engine is a software system that collects information from the World Wide Web and presents it to users who are looking for specific information.
A search engine conducts the following processes:
* **Web crawling:** Searching websites by navigating Hyperlinks on web pages, both wi... |
CRUD - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | CRUD
====
**CRUD** (Create, Read, Update, Delete) is an acronym for ways one can operate on stored data. It is a mnemonic for the four basic functions of persistent storage. CRUD typically refers to operations performed in a database or datastore, but it can also apply to higher level functions of an application such ... |
Favicon - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Favicon
=======
A favicon (favorite icon) is a tiny icon included along with a website, which is displayed in places like the browser's address bar, page tabs and bookmarks menu.
Note, however, that most modern browsers replaced the favicon from the address bar by an image indicating whether or not the website is usi... |
POP3 - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | POP3
====
**POP3** (Post Office Protocol) is a very common protocol for getting emails from a mail server over a TCP connection. POP3 does not support folders, unlike the more recent IMAP, which is harder to implement because of its more complex structure.
Clients usually retrieve all messages and then delete them fr... |
WebDAV - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | WebDAV
======
**WebDAV** (*Web Distributed Authoring and Versioning*) is an HTTP Extension that lets web developers update their content remotely from a client.
WebDAV is rarely used alone, but two extensions are very common: CalDAV (remote-access calendar) and CardDAV (remote-access address book).
WebDAV allows cli... |
JPEG - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | JPEG
====
**JPEG** (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images.
JPEG compression is composed of three compression techniques applied in successive layers, including chrominance subsampling, discrete cosine transformation and quantization, and run-length Delta &... |
Polyfill - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Polyfill
========
A polyfill is a piece of code (usually JavaScript on the Web) used to provide modern functionality on older browsers that do not natively support it.
For example, a polyfill could be used to mimic the functionality of a `text-shadow` in IE7 using proprietary IE filters, or mimic rem units or media q... |
State machine - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | State machine
=============
A state machine is a mathematical abstraction used to design algorithms. A state machine reads a set of inputs and changes to a different state based on those inputs.
A state is a description of the status of a system waiting to execute a transition. A transition is a set of actions to exe... |
Alignment subject - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Alignment subject
=================
In CSS box alignment the **alignment subject** is the thing (or things) being aligned by the property.
For `justify-self` and `align-self`, the alignment subject is the margin box of the box the property is set on, using the writing mode of that box. For `justify-content` and `alig... |
Constructor - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Constructor
===========
A **constructor** belongs to a particular class object that is instantiated. The constructor initializes this object and can provide access to its private information. The concept of a constructor can be applied to most object-oriented programming languages. Essentially, a constructor in JavaSc... |
Static typing - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Static typing
=============
A **statically-typed** language is a language (such as Java, C, or C++) where variable types are known at compile time. In most of these languages, types must be expressly indicated by the programmer; in other cases (such as OCaml), type inference allows the programmer to not indicate their... |
Navigation directive - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Navigation directive
====================
**CSP navigation directives** are used in a `Content-Security-Policy` header and govern to which location a user can navigate to or submit a form to, for example.
Navigation directives don't fall back to the `default-src` directive.
See Navigation directives for a complete l... |
MIME - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | MIME
====
**MIME** (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) is a standard to describe documents in other forms besides ASCII text, for example, audio, video, and images.
Initially used for email attachments, it has become the de facto standard to define types of documents anywhere.
See also
--------
* MIME-Type
* MI... |
Prerender - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Prerender
=========
Prerendering refers to the practice of speculatively prefetching and *rendering* pages that the user is likely to navigate to in the near future (the browser renders the page in the background in what is effectively an invisible separate tab). Prerendering includes downloading a document's subresou... |
ISP - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | ISP
===
An ISP (Internet Service Provider) sells Internet access, and sometimes email, web hosting, and voice over IP, either by a dial-up connection over a phone line (formerly more common), or through a broadband connection such as a cable modem or DSL service.
See also
--------
* How the Internet works (explanati... |
Bandwidth - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Bandwidth
=========
Bandwidth is the measure of how much information can pass through a data connection in a given amount of time. It is usually measured in multiples of bits-per-second (bps), for example megabits-per-second (Mbps) or gigabits-per-second (Gbps).
See also
--------
* Bandwidth on Wikipedia |
NNTP - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | NNTP
====
**NNTP** (Network News Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used to transfer Usenet messages from client to server or between servers.
See also
--------
* NNTP at Wikipedia
* From the IETF: RFC 3977 about NNTP (2006) |
Fork - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Fork
====
A fork is a copy of an existing software project at some point to add someone's own modifications to the project.
Basically, if the license of the original software allows, you can copy the code to develop your own version of it, with your own additions, which will be a "fork".
Forks are often seen in free... |
Application Context - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Application Context
===================
An **application context** is a top-level browsing context that has a manifest applied to it.
If an application context is created as a result of the user agent being asked to navigate to a deep link, the user agent must immediately navigate to the deep link with replacement en... |
Payload header - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Payload header
==============
A **payload header** is an HTTP header that describes the payload information related to safe transport and reconstruction of the original resource representation, from one or more messages. This includes information like the length of the message payload, which part of the resource is ca... |
Domain - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Domain
======
A domain is an authority within the internet that controls its own resources. Its "domain name" is a way to address this authority as part of the hierarchy in a URL - usually the most memorable part of it, for instance a brand name.
A fully qualified domain name (FQDN) contains all necessary parts to lo... |
Representation header - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Representation header
=====================
A **representation header** is an HTTP header that describes the particular *representation* of the resource sent in an HTTP message body.
Representations are different forms of a particular resource.
For example, the same data might be formatted as a particular media typ... |
Flex Item - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Flex Item
=========
The direct children of a Flex Container (elements with `display: flex` or `display: inline-flex` set on them) become **flex items**.
Continuous runs of text inside flex containers will also become flex items.
See also
--------
### Property reference
* `align-self`
* `flex-basis`
* `flex-grow`
*... |
Cryptography - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Cryptography
============
**Cryptography**, or cryptology, is the science that studies how to encode and transmit messages securely. Cryptography designs and studies algorithms used to encode and decode messages in an insecure environment, and their applications.
More than just **data confidentiality**, cryptography ... |
Self-Executing Anonymous Function - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Self-Executing Anonymous Function
=================================
A JavaScript function that runs as soon as it is defined. Also known as an IIFE (Immediately Invoked Function Expression).
See the IIFE glossary page linked above for more information. |
UDP (User Datagram Protocol) - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
============================
**UDP** (User Datagram Protocol) is a long standing protocol used together with IP for sending data when transmission speed and efficiency matter more than security and reliability.
UDP uses a simple connectionless communication model with a minimum of protoco... |
First contentful paint - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | First contentful paint
======================
**First Contentful Paint** (FCP) is when the browser renders the first bit of content from the DOM, providing the first feedback to the user that the page is actually loading. The question "Is it happening?" is "yes" when the first contentful paint completes.
*The First C... |
Validator - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Validator
=========
A validator is a program that checks for syntax errors in code. Validators can be created for any format or language, but in our context we speak of tools that check HTML, CSS, and XML.
See also
--------
* Validator on Wikipedia
* Short list of validators |
Mozilla Firefox - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Mozilla Firefox
===============
**Mozilla Firefox** is a free open-source browser whose development is overseen by the Mozilla Corporation. Firefox runs on Windows, OS X, Linux, and Android.
First released in November 2004, Firefox is completely customizable with themes, plug-ins, and add-ons. Firefox uses Gecko to r... |
Cipher - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Cipher
======
In cryptography, a **cipher** is an algorithm that can encode Plaintext to make it unreadable, and to decode it back.
Ciphers were common long before the information age (e.g., substitution ciphers, transposition ciphers, and permutation ciphers), but none of them were cryptographically secure except fo... |
Accent - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Accent
======
An **accent** is a typically bright color that contrasts with the more utilitarian background and foreground colors within a color scheme. These are present in the visual style of many platforms (though not all).
On the web, an accent is sometimes used in `<input>` elements for the active portion of the... |
Internationalization (i18n) - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Internationalization (i18n)
===========================
**Internationalization**, often shortened to "i18n", is the practice of designing a system in such a way that it can easily be adapted for different target audiences, that may vary in region, language, or culture.
The complementary process of adapting a system f... |
Modem - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Modem
=====
A modem ("**modulator-demodulator**") is a device that converts digital information to analog signals and vice versa, for sending data through networks.
Different kinds are used for different networks: DSL modems for telephone wires, Wi-Fi modems for short-range wireless radio signals, 3G modems for cellu... |
MIME type - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | MIME type
=========
A **MIME type** (now properly called "media type", but also sometimes "content type") is a string sent along with a file indicating the type of the file (describing the content format, for example, a sound file might be labeled `audio/ogg`, or an image file `image/png`).
It serves the same purpos... |
Port - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Port
====
For a computer connected to a network with an IP address, a **port** is a communication endpoint. Ports are designated by numbers, and below 1024 each port is associated by default with a specific protocol.
For example, the default port for the HTTP protocol is 80 and the default port for the HTTPS protocol... |
TLD - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | TLD
===
A TLD (*top-level domain*) is the most generic domain in the Internet's hierarchical DNS (domain name system). A TLD is the final component of a domain name, for example, "org" in `developer.mozilla.org`.
ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) designates organizations to manage each TLD. ... |
Head - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Head
====
The **Head** is the part of an HTML document that contains metadata about that document, such as author, description, and links to CSS or JavaScript files that should be applied to the HTML.
See also
--------
* `<head>` element reference on MDN
* The HTML <head> on the MDN Learning Area |
Void element - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Void element
============
A **void element** is an element in HTML that **cannot** have any child nodes (i.e., nested elements or text nodes). Void elements only have a start tag; end tags must not be specified for void elements.
In HTML, a void element must not have an end tag. For example, `<input type="text"></inp... |
SVN - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | SVN
===
Apache Subversion (**SVN**) is a free source control management (SCM) system. It allows developers to keep a history of text and code modifications. Although SVN can also handle binary files, we do not recommend that you use it for such files.
See also
--------
* Apache Subversion on Wikipedia
* Official web... |
Regular expression - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Regular expression
==================
**Regular expressions** (or *regex*) are rules that govern which sequences of characters come up in a search.
Regular expressions are implemented in various languages, but the best-known implementation is the Perl Implementation, which has given rise to its own ecosystem of imple... |
Time to interactive - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Time to interactive
===================
**Time to Interactive** (TTI) is a non-standardized web performance 'progress' metric defined as the point in time when the last Long Task finished and was followed by 5 seconds of network and main thread inactivity.
TTI, proposed by the Web Incubator Community Group in 2018, i... |
HTML5 - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | HTML5
=====
The term HTML5 is essentially a buzzword that refers to a set of modern web technologies. This includes the HTML Living Standard, along with JavaScript APIs to enhance storage, multimedia, and hardware access.
You may sometimes hear about "new HTML5 elements", or find HTML5 described as a new version of H... |
Mixin - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Mixin
=====
A *mixin* is a class (interface, in WebAPI spec terms) in which some or all of its methods and/or properties are unimplemented, requiring that another class or interface provide the missing implementations.
The new class or interface then includes both the properties and methods from the mixin as well as ... |
Preflight request - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Preflight request
=================
A CORS preflight request is a CORS request that checks to see if the CORS protocol is understood and a server is aware using specific methods and headers.
It is an `OPTIONS` request, using two or three HTTP request headers: `Access-Control-Request-Method`, `Origin`, and optionally ... |
Second-level Domain - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Second-level Domain
===================
A Second Level Domain (SLD) is the part of the domain name that is located right before a Top Level Domain (TLD).
For example, in `mozilla.org` the SLD is `mozilla` and the TLD is `org`.
A domain name is not limited to a TLD and an SLD. Additional subdomains can be created in ... |
MVC - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | MVC
===
**MVC** (Model-View-Controller) is a pattern in software design commonly used to implement user interfaces, data, and controlling logic. It emphasizes a separation between the software's business logic and display. This "separation of concerns" provides for a better division of labor and improved maintenance. ... |
Ruby - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Ruby
====
**Ruby** is an open-source programming language. In a Web context, Ruby is often used server-side with the *Ruby On Rails* (ROR) framework to produce websites/apps.
Ruby is also a method for annotating east Asian text in HTML documents to provide pronunciation information; see the `<ruby>` element.
See als... |
Speed index - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Speed index
===========
**Speed Index** (SI) is a page load performance metric measuring how quickly the contents of a page are visibly populated. Speed Index is dependent on size of the viewport and expressed in milliseconds: the lower amount of time the better the score.
Speed Index was introduced to address issues... |
Presto - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Presto
======
Presto was the proprietary browser layout engine used to power the Opera browser until version 15. Since then, the Opera browser is based on Chromium, which uses the Blink layout engine.
See also
--------
* Presto layout engine on Wikipedia |
Lossless compression - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Lossless compression
====================
**Lossless compression** is a class of data compression algorithms that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data. Lossless compression methods are reversible. Examples of lossless compression include GZIP, Brotli, WebP, and PNG,
Lossy co... |
Shallow copy - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Shallow copy
============
A **shallow copy** of an object is a copy whose properties share the same references (point to the same underlying values) as those of the source object from which the copy was made. As a result, when you change either the source or the copy, you may also cause the other object to change too.... |
Network throttling - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | Network throttling
==================
**Network throttling** is an intentional slowing down of internet speed. In web performance, network throttling, or network condition emulation, it is used to emulate low bandwidth conditions experienced by likely a large segment of a site's target user base.
It's important not t... |
CSS - MDN Web Docs Glossary: Definitions of Web-related terms | CSS
===
**CSS** (Cascading Style Sheets) is a declarative language that controls how webpages look in the browser.
The browser applies CSS style declarations to selected elements to display them properly. A style declaration contains the properties and their values, which determine how a webpage looks.
CSS is one of... |
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