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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common monoallelic disorder associated with progressive cyst development and resulting in end stage renal failure (ESRD) in 50% of patients by 60y. However, there is considerable phenotypic variability, extending from in utero onset to patients with adequate ren...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The long term objective is to characterize key functionalities of the epithelial cells of the larval mosquito gut as these cellular functions influence and regulate the anionic basis of alkalinization of the gut lumen. A detailed understanding of how gut epithelial cells produce the remarkable and biologically unique p...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1, whose primary role is initiation of DNA repair, is activated by damaged DNA and uses NAD+ to automodify itself and recruit other proteins involved in DNA repair. Due to its role in DNA repair, PARP-1 inhibition has been long targeted for treatment of different cancer types. By now ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Given the potential pharmacological and physiological diversity arising from heterodimerization of opioid receptors, an important challenge in opioid research is the development of selective tools for the investigation of such phenotypic opioid receptors. Selective pharmacological tools that can span the divide between...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The overall goal of this project is to determine the role of bone marrow (BM) stem/progenitor cells in regulating fibrocyte homeostasis in the mammalian inner ear. It is well established that specific subpopulations of inner ear fibrocytes are actively involved in the generation of electrochemical gradients essential t...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Control of neonatal pulmonary vascular and airway resistance remains poorly understood. Recently, two additional intrapulmonary control systems, pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNEC) and the pulmonary peptidergic innervation (PPI), have been described, which may influence pulmonary vascular and airway tone in the neona...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Most normal human cells undergo a limited number of cell divisions, eventually entering an irreversibly arrested state, through either senescence or differentiation. Both processes have major implications for human health; between them impacting birth defects, cancer and the degenerative effects of human aging. For exa...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Numerous clinically used agents contain the ester chemotype, a moiety frequently added to small molecules to improve their water solubility and bioavailability. However the inclusion of this function in these compounds makes them substrates for carboxylesterases (CEs), enzymes that can either inactivate or activate the...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
A marine/freshwater biomedical research and training core center is proposed. Its objectives will be to facilitate the development and use of aquatic animals as models of human disease processes of environmental significance. Principal efforts will be directed toward use of aquatic animals for mutagenesis and teratogen...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project Summary Postpartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a disease of unknown etiology that arises as a complication of pregnancy in women with no prior heart disease. It occurs in 1:1800 to 1:3500 births in the United States and is characterized by an acute onset of heart failure during the last month of pregnancy or withi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Neural crest cells (NCCs) are pluripotent cells that migrate from the developing neural tube to populate various tissues including craniofacial structures, neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, and pigment cells. Improper migration and development of NCCs can lead to a variety of birth defects collectively...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Massive immune hemolysis due to minor ABO incompatibility is an underappreciated, potentially fatal complication of allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation. The increased lymphoid content and rapid engraftment seen with peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplants may increase the frequency and severity of this event...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The effect of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system on insulin, glucagon, and glucose will be examined in normal weight and obese men and women. Furthermore, the importance of early insulin release will be examined. Each subject will undergo 4 treatments: 1) saline infusion, 2) brief infusion 3) atropine infusi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project Summary/Abstract. Group A streptococci (GAS; Streptococcus pyogenes) are remarkable for the wide range of diseases they cause in humans, their sole biological host. Yet, most infections are mild and involve one of two tissues - the epithelial surface of the throat or skin - giving rise to pharyngitis or impetig...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Our main objective is to characterize the immunological properties and molecular nature of inappropriate antigens detected on SJL/J reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) and to define the role of these antigens in tumorogenesis. We plan to demonstrate the presence of inappropriate alloantigens on spontaneous, transplantable and...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is a 125 kDa tyrosine kinase that is localized to contact points between cells and their extracellular matrix. We have demonstrated that FAK overexpression and upregulation occurred in early stages of tumorigenesis. We have also shown that FAK overexpression suppresses apoptosis, thus provid...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Body energy metabolism is a finely tuned system dependent on the interactions of numerous endocrine axes. Insulin is a key regulator of metabolism and growth that maintains serum glucose and other metabolites within a narrow, predefined range. While it has been traditionally thought that insulin activity is controlled ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The purpose of this contract is to provide support for a colony of rhesus macaques used in aging and diabetes research. The colony consists of both pre-diabetic and diabetic monkeys from the ages of 7 years to over 30 years. The colony is characterized extensively for parameters of aging and metabolism. These animals a...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Previous work on muscarinic subsensitivity of the ciliary muscle in monkeys is continued. Previous work on axoplasmic flow against pressure gradients will be extended to the optic nerve in vitro. Changes in the carbonic anhydrase content in eyes and other organs of animals chronically treated with carbonic anhydrase in...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
We propose to create the Stanford PharmacoGenetic Knowledge Base (PharmGKB), an integrated data resource to support the NIGMS Pharmacogenetic Research Network and Database Initiative. This initiative will focus on how genetic variation contributes to variation in the response to drugs, and will produce data from a wide...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The ultimate objectives are (1) to place our understanding of the mode of action of the peptide antibiotics and hormones on a conformational basis and (2) to develop the spectroscopic approach to the study of conformation and conformational averaging in peptides. The experimental approach involves the combined use of (...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This renewal proposal continues our exploration of the vasa vasorum (the microvessels perfusing the arterial wall) in coronary artery disease. The long-term objective is to clarify the role of solute transport across the arterial wall in the initiation and/or progression of atherosclerosis. The relevance of this knowle...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of this application is to develop a research network for "Harmonization of cross-national studies of aging to the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)." This network will support the development of new international studies with harmonized data, maintain harmonization and data development among existing comparabl...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Benign Childhood Epilepsy with CentroTemporal Spikes (BECTS), an extremely common type of childhood epilepsy, is traditionally assumed to have a benign course, but recent studies have shown that cognitive function, especially language, is often impaired in BECTS patients. However, it is not clear whether the seizures, ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Project Summary - Ventricular arrhythmias remain the single most important cause of sudden cardiac death (SCO) among adults living in industrialized nations. Great progress has been made in identifying genes underlying various Mendelian disorders associated with inherited arrhythmia susceptibility as models for underst...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The potential value of HIV-infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMB) cultured in vitro with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the anti-HIV evaluation of nucleoside analogs was examined. 2',3'-Dideoxy-3'-azidothymidine (AZT) exhibited 100-fold higher potency against HIV replication than did 2',3'-dideoxyinosine ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
US biomedical and health services researchers are increasingly asked to adopt a more pronounced patient- centered orientation in their work. Such a shift requires a more active engagement of the public (e.g., community representatives) in the research process. As we know from decades of experience with Community Based ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Summary/Abstract (from Parent R01AA025848) A recent review of trajectory research found that there is a great deal of research aimed at better understanding transitions in alcohol and other drug (AOD) use patterns from early to late adolescence and late adolescence to emerging adulthood. However, no studies to date hav...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Procedures such as exercise testing, pulmonary compliance, and work of breathing have been found successful for evaluating pulmonary function. By exercising a patient on a treadmill and gradually increasing the workload (i.e., speed and incline), the physician can better assess cardio-pulmonary disease, which in its ea...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury creates considerable disability and predisposes the knee to the early onset of osteoarthritis. This is a concern because the past two decades has seen an increased participation of women in sports and with this has come a concomitant increase in ACL injuries. The incidence rate o...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Tissue specific gene expression is central to the development of complex eukaryotes. This project addresses the long term goal of understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the tissue-specific expression of the zein family of maize seed storage protein genes. Molecular and genetic analyses have shown that the de...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The purpose of this proposal is to elucidate the mechanism through which the reaction of antigen with cell-bound IgE antibody leads to the release of chemical mediators from mast cells. Research plan is based on our recent findings which indicated that bridging of IgE-receptors by divalent anti-receptor antibody stimul...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Herpesviruses are important pathogens of both humans and animals, and information on the molecular aspects of herpesvirus replication is useful in the diagnosis and treatment of these infections. Overall goals are to employ our models of equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV) cytocidal and persistent infection to understand herpes...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen responsible for a large number of nosocomial infections. Dr. Joanne Engel and her group have shown that PA103 induces apoptotic-like cell death in epithelial cells and macrophages by a Type III Secretion System (TTSS)-dependent mechanism. Consistent...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
In Vivo Induced Antigen Technology (IVIAT) has been well documented as a sensitive, fast, and inexpensive method for identifying novel genes of pathogenic bacteria that are specifically expressed during an actual infectious process. However, the use of IVIAT is limited to analysis of diseases where the pathogen infects...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
With the cooperation of the Director of the centers, specific procedures will be established to identify the patients and assure that their care conforms to specific standards for diagnosis treatment and management that we have identified in year 1 of the project. Two sets of activities will be conducted during the sec...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFS) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by marrow failure, congenital anomalies, and predisposition to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Studies of IBMFS to date have largely focused on pediatric patients, but these are increasingly recognized in adults pr...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology proposes that support for the High Field NMR Resource (Grant no. RR00995-13), located at the Francis Bitter National Magnet Laboratory (FBNML), be continued for five years and that its scope be enlarged to support ongoing activities in in-vivo spectroscopy and imaging of animal...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The retinal vasculature is prone to damages, leading to serious ocular diseases including loss of vision. While angiogenic therapies are being explored as potential treatments, a significant hurdle is our inability to control the three dimensional organization of the vascular network induced by angiogenic factors to en...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Visual stimuli that are spatially removed from a neuron's classic reception field and which they elicit no response can strongly affect the magnitude of a response to stimuli within the classic field. It is thought that lateral connections among neurons mediate the interaction. Behaviorally, the presence of surround st...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and spasmodic torticollis (ST) are progressive forms of focal dystonia characterized by their unique presentation in upper facial musculature and cervical musculature, respectively. Little is known about the role of the cerebral cortex despite the fact that emotional and stress-rela...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
We have cloned a 9.5-kbp fragment of an oncogene present in a human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT-1080). The cloned fragment is present in all tested HT-1080-derived transformants, and is different from another fragment of the same oncogene (14 kbp) previously isolated. When both fragments are put together, the constructi...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The applicant's long-term goal is to direct a basic science research program exploring the role of endothelial cells and their progenitors in organ fibrosis and tumor progression. The applicant has been trained in somatic stem cell biology during her thesis work and was later able to apply this knowledge in cardiovascu...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This project continues and extends work carried out on the relationship between structure and function of glycogen phosphorylase. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme is being determined; approximately 30% of its structure has been resolved, including the structure of two of its functional sites. A second aspect of th...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The general goals for the proposed Career Development project are twofold. They are (a) to aid cancer prevention by developing smoking-cessation research tools applicable to people in/from low- and middle-income countries and (b) to develop the skills necessary to become an independent investigator of smoking cessation...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The Section on Cellular Biophotonics, of the Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, NIAAA, was established in April 2003. The principle aim of this section is to use imaging techniques to study how protein complexes, with special emphasis on complexes comprised of integral membrane proteins, are formed and maintained in l...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Huntington disease (HD) belongs to a neurodegeneration disease family in which selective neuronal loss is caused by misfolded proteins. In HD, a polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion (>37 glutamines) in the N-terminal region of Huntington (htt) causes N-terminal htt fragments to misfold or aggregate, conferring neuropatholog...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Single Walled Carbon NanoTubes (SWCNT) are new materials of emerging technological importance. Their manufacturing requires iron resulting in its high content in SWCNT. Because iron is a catalyst of oxidative stress, iron-containing SWCNT are likely more toxic than iron free SWCNT. Our central hypothesis is that SWCNT ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Recent work with cultured mammalian cells indicates that the capability for active Na/K transport increases in response to partial inhibition of this transport system. I propose to combine the approaches of ion transport physiology and somatic cell genetics to investigate the changes in Na/K transport in cultured Chine...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The study is comparing the efficacy and safety of heater probe or injection therapy for ulcers (actively bleeding, non-bleeding vivible vessel, or adherent clots) versus medical-surgical treatment. This is a randomized controlled trial of endoscopic treatments for bleeding peptic ulcers and long term follow-up of patie...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Research conducted by this laboratory focuses on the investigation of modified, new or alternative procedures for determining the safety and potency of a number of biological products. Information obtained from new methods is compared to the current and historical data provided from existing methods to establish equiva...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The long-term project objective is the commercialization of a safe, effective, easy to use, and painless polynucleotide vaccine delivery system that can be used in polynucleotide vaccines for biodefense against NIAID Category A, B and C Pathogens. Polynucleotide vaccines are on the forefront of vaccine BIOHAZARD develo...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The adult dentate gyrus continuously generates granule cells (DGCs) that are needed for specific learning and memory tasks, but the precise contribution of new neurons to information processing in the hippocampal circuitry remains unknown. In the past, we have demonstrated that key developmental processes occurring in ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The principal aim of this proposal is to further development of new methods for analyzing observational data bases and randomized trials of HIV-infected persons and the application of these methods to data obtained in randomized and observational studies in an attempt to help answer important open substantive questions...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is an important source of morbidity and mortality among U.S. Military Veterans. The primary virulence factors are TcdA and TcdB, toxins that induce diarrhea, inflammation, and significant damage within the colon. This proposal is designed around the hypothesis that inhibition of to...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The focus of the proposed research is on structural plasticity and large-scale dynamics as determinants of protein function. Detailed and highly specific characterization of functionally important transient non-native protein states will rely on development of experimental strategies combining hydrogen/deuterium exchan...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Transforming simple achiral molecules into stereochemically complex molecules remains a central challenge in organic synthesis. Asymmetric metal catalysis provides an avenue to meet this challenge. However, the majority of asymmetric organometallic catalysts mediates one type of reaction and allows one transformation. ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
To determine the safety and immunogenicity of vaccinia-derived HIV-1 recombinant envelope glycoprotein in asymptomatic HIV-infected adult volunteers, and to compare safety and immunogenicity of two different schedules of gp160 administration, and examine the effects of gp160 or hepatitis B vaccine on plasma P24 and/or ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
A widely held hypothesis of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is that it represents fatal sleep apnea due to a maturational defect in brainstem neural circuits controlling respiration during sleep. This hypothesis is based upon the consistent association of silent death to sleep periods in SIDS victims. Developmental...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The regulation of proteolytic activity within the central nervous system (CNS) is essential in both normal and pathological processes. However, the precise role that proteolysis plays in the CNS is not well established. Recent work from many laboratories has indicated that the serine protease tissue-type plasminogen ac...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The objective of these analyses is to identify interacting influences of family relationships and conditions that enter into the child's early experience. Of special interest are the mutual contributions of mother and child to relationships that damage or facilitate the child's development. Outcomes of children with ea...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Anatomical, physiological, biochemical and behavioral studies will be carried out on the peripheral auditory system of bats of the genus Pteronotus. These bats emit intense ultrasonic pulses that contain a harmonic series of frequency modulated and constant frequency components. The comparative structure of their pulse...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The rapidly growing world population and the high rate of unintended pregnancies make contraception a need and a priority for any public health program. While several contraceptive methods for women are currently available, a more comprehensive approach to birth control requires extending contraception to males. Howeve...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The goal of this proposal is to use morphological and biochemical approaches to analyze insulin receptor regulation. Ultrastructural studies on insulin-sensitive cells have shown significant cell-specific heterogeneity in the organization, distribution and mobility of insulin receptors. These morphological observations...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
An in-hospital study involving 11 patients with chronic stable angina pectoris was undertaken to determine the effects of verapamil given alone and combined with propranolol. Patients improved exercise capacity with verapamil compared to placebo or propranolol and increased exercise time even further with the combinati...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Older driver safety is a complex phenomenon that extends beyond the person level to multiple systems (e.g., regulatory, policy-making, societal and health care). Although a myriad of predictors for safe driving have been identified in the existing literature, they are not integrated into a meaningful causative model. U...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The objective of this project is to develop the existing gas target neutron source to the point where it is capable of being utilized for patient treatment. Our goal is to provide clinically useful dt neutron beam of 20 rads per minute at 125 cm SSD. To achieve this goal the present source output must be doubled and th...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The ability of vertebrate skeletal muscle to regulate intracellular pH (pHi) has received very little attention, despite the fact that changes in pHi can have a marked effect on muscle contraction and metabolism. Only in two muscles, the frog semitendinosus and the mouse soleus, have the membrane transport systems resp...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Cell cycle-dependent securin proteins regulate sister chromatid separation by inhibiting separin function. We isolated and have characterized pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) from rat pituitary tumor cells, and PTTG is functionally homologous to yeast securin. PTTG is overexpressed in several tumor types, and a...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Many pathogens use the intestinal mucosa as the primary site of entry. The intestinal mucosa must induce a rapid and strong immune response to defend against such pathogenic invasion, yet an excessive immune response to commensal flora leads to chronic inflammation like inflammatory bowel disease. While it is evident t...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Renal dysplasia/hypoplasia is a leading cause of renal failure in children, leading to significant morbidity and mortality associated with transplan and dialysis. The risk of chronic kidney disease is linked to decreased renal reserve as a result of the formation of fewer and/or abnormal nephrons during kidney developm...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
To isolate and characterize the cell surface glycoproteins and other complex cargohydrates (glycosaminoglycans, glycolipids) produced by human mammary carcinoma cells.	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Neutrophils play an important role in the host defense against infection and in a number of allergic and nonallergic tissue-damaging inflammatory reactions. They migrate from blood to the site of inflammation through the process known as chemotaxis, in response to agents liberated at the site of inflammation termed "ch...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This application extends follow-up of old and very-old persons who have received cognitive interventions as part of ACTIVE (Advanced Cognitive Training for independent and Vital Elderly). Findings at five years indicate the effects of the intervention on cognitive abilities are durable and that these intervention effec...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
CRISPR-based Modular Therapy for Precision Medicine 3 CTR 6 MCB Project Summary Efforts to treat genetic diseases have suffered from insufficiently transformative clinical technologies. The recent development of CRISPR genome editing tools is paving the way for new innovations in precision medicine. In 2013, we spearhe...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
ANTICIPATED IMPACTS ON VETERAN?S HEALTHCARE: Knowledge generated by this proposal will inform VHA about: 1) the prevalence (and incidence) of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) in Veterans; 2) determine whether and the extent to which patient outcomes are affected relative to detected colorectal cancer (DCRC); ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This application is in response to the NIH Research Project Grant (Parent R01) (PA-10-067). As individuals age, muscle weakness and the development of neuromuscular disorders have the potential to severely diminish the quality of one's life. The larynx is part of a complex sensorimotor system that serves as both a vibr...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
This proposal is intended to identify brain regions and neurotransmitter systems involved in ethanol-induced place preference. Given that the conditioned place preference paradigm has been considered a model of drug-seeking behavior, studying the neural systems involved in mediating this behavior in rodents may lead to...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Dyspnea or shortness of breath is the most common disabling symptom in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The increased availability and growing acceptance of emerging technologies as a channel for health communication has opened up opportunities to provide convenient and seamless support for s...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is characterized by painful, recurring ulcerations of the oral mucose. It is the most common ulcerative disease in many parts of the world, yet it is poorly understood. The ulcers are localized in the oral cavity and may be oral manifestations of systemic disease. The object is to test the...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
PROJECT SUMMARY This UO1 application is a response to the NIMH Program Announcement intended to accelerate the development of a high priority therapeutic agent by establishing its dose-related pharmacodynamic effects on biomarkers designed to inform subse- quent clinical development. Dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) agonism ...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Further study of human transitional cell cancer would be facilitated by propagation and positive identification of benign and malignant urothelial cells in vitro. Recent experience indicates that this is now feasible. Explant and dispersion cultures of human malignant (primary and metastatic) and non-malignant transiti...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
After stroke, two opportunities to improve the patient's outcome are 1) to preserve the non-infarcted tissue in the ischemic penumbra and 2) to reperfuse severely ischemic tissue without producing further injury. To help devise useful protection strategies, we propose to investigate the factors that contribute to ische...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Completion of the HGP (human genome program) has opened the 'Genomic Era' in biomedical research and enables functional genomics analysis of various gene elements. The long-term goal of the ENCODE Project is to identify and functionally characterize all of the sequence-based genomic elements. Functional elements that h...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
Stage I - testing the effect of an oral application of Succinylcholine on a volunteer to demonstrate the safety of the procedure and to determine the effect on taste. The starting dose was 2.5 mg in 5 ml water. It was increased to 20 mg in 5 ml water. There was no significant effect on taste sensation at these doses. T...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
The translocation of protons in biomolecular systems is a phenomenon of fundamental importance to such biological processes as ATP synthesis, enzyme catalysis, the maintenance of pH gradients, proton pumping, and bioenergetics. From the computational point of view the modeling of proton translocation represents a parti...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
[unreadable] An important role for the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in determining the severity and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is now well established. A key role for the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been confirmed by t...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }
A wide variety of marine organisms--the majority originating from the ocean off the coast of California and the rest from the Indian and Pacific Oceans--are being examined for the occurrence of novel natural products with major emphasis on steroids and terpenoids. Separation techniques employed are primarily gas chroma...	{ "pile_set_name": "NIH ExPorter" }

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Dataset Creation Process

These subsets were created by streaming over the rows from monology/pile-uncopyrighted and filtering by the meta column. Each subset is generally limited to the first 100,000 qualifying rows encountered.

Citations

If you use this dataset, please cite the original Pile papers:

@article{gao2020pile,
title={The Pile: An 800GB dataset of diverse text for language modeling},
author={Gao, Leo and Biderman, Stella and Black, Sid and Golding, Laurence and Hoppe, Travis and Foster, Charles and Phang, Jason and He, Horace and Thite, Anish and Nabeshima, Noa and others},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.00027},
year={2020}
}
@article{biderman2022datasheet,
title={Datasheet for the pile},
author={Biderman, Stella and Bicheno, Kieran and Gao, Leo},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2201.07311},
year={2022}
}