pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.12k | final_decision stringclasses 2
values | claim stringlengths 17 394 |
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26,881,292 | Does strategic balance of drug lifecycle management options differ between domestic and foreign companies in Japan? | {
"contexts": [
"Drug approvals and patent protections are critical in drug lifecycle management (LCM) in order to maximize drug discovery investment returns.",
"We analyzed drug LCM activities implemented by 10 top companies in Japan, focusing on drug approvals and patent term extensions."
],
"labels": [... | Foreign companies acquired numerous drug approvals primarily for new molecular entities (NMEs), while Japanese companies mainly obtained approvals for improved drugs including new indications, and intensively extended patent terms. Furthermore, we discovered three factors likely responsible for differences in drug LCM ... | yes | The strategic balance of drug lifecycle management options differs between domestic and foreign companies in Japan. |
22,032,630 | Does a 1.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation induce EGF receptor clustering and phosphorylation in cultured human amniotic ( FL ) cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Many studies have shown that exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) could activate cellular signal transduction pathways. In the present research, we investigated the effects of exposure to a 1.8-GHz RFR at different intensities on epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor clustering and phospho... | Based on the results of this experiment, we conclude that membrane receptors could be one of the main targets that RFR interacts with cells, and the dose-rate threshold, in the case of EGF receptors, is between SAR of 0.1 and 0.5 W/kg. The results indicate a sigmoid dependence of RFR effects on intensity. | yes | A 1.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation induces EGF receptor clustering and phosphorylation in cultured human amniotic ( FL ) cells. |
25,671,092 | Do two Antarctic penguin genomes reveal insights into their evolutionary history and molecular changes related to the Antarctic environment? | {
"contexts": [
"Penguins are flightless aquatic birds widely distributed in the Southern Hemisphere. The distinctive morphological and physiological features of penguins allow them to live an aquatic life, and some of them have successfully adapted to the hostile environments in Antarctica. To study the phylogen... | Our sequencing and initial analyses of the first two penguin genomes provide insights into the timing of penguin origin, fluctuations in effective population sizes of the two penguin species over the past 10 million years, and the potential associations between these biological patterns and global climate change. The m... | yes | Two Antarctic penguin genomes reveal insights into their evolutionary history and molecular changes related to the Antarctic environment. |
25,978,728 | Do cLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF COATS DISEASE IN A SAUDI ARABIAN POPULATION? | {
"contexts": [
"To present the clinical aspects and treatment outcomes of Coats disease in Saudi Arabia.",
"A retrospective chart review was performed of 92 patients (97 eyes) diagnosed with Coats disease at King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital from 1983 to 2010.",
"The most common presenting complaint wa... | Although rare, Coats disease is usually advanced at presentation and has a poor visual prognosis in the Saudi population, like in other populations. The findings of this study give validity and applicability to the Shields staging scheme, which we recommend using in clinical practice. | yes | Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of Coats disease in a Saudi Arabian population do exist. |
24,604,884 | Do resource utilization and end-of-life care in a US hospital following medical emergency team-implemented resuscitate orders? | {
"contexts": [
"Medical emergency teams frequently implement do not resuscitate orders, but little is known about end-of-life care in this population.",
"To examine resource utilization and end-of-life care following medical emergency team-implemented do not resuscitate orders.",
"Retrospective review.",... | Despite high mortality, patients with medical emergency team-implemented do not resuscitate orders had a relatively low utilization of end-of-life resources, including palliative care consultation and home hospice services. Coordinated care between medical emergency teams and inpatient palliative care services may help... | no | Resource utilization and end-of-life care in a US hospital follow medical emergency team-implemented resuscitate orders. |
17,651,411 | Does postictal breathing pattern distinguish epileptic from nonepileptic convulsive seizures? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine postictal breathing pattern in generalized convulsive nonepileptic seizures (GCNES) and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and evaluate this feature as a discriminating sign.",
"We reviewed the postictal breathing pattern seizures in 23 generalized tonic-clonic seizures in 15... | The postictal breathing pattern can help differentiate generalized tonic-clonic seizures from nonepileptic psychogenic seizures with generalized motor activity and may be helpful to the practitioner obtaining a seizure history in the clinic setting or witnessing a seizure. | yes | Postictal breathing pattern distinguishes epileptic from nonepileptic convulsive seizures. |
8,951,251 | Is high-frequency jet ventilation in the early management of respiratory distress syndrome associated with a greater risk for adverse outcomes? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this investigation was to determine if high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) used early in the treatment of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome was effective in reducing pulmonary morbidity without increasing the occurrence of adverse neurologic outcomes.",
"... | With the HFJV treatment strategy that we used, use of the high-frequency jet ventilator in the early management of premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome resulted in significantly more adverse outcomes than in those treated with conventional mechanical ventilation. | yes | High-frequency jet ventilation in the early management of respiratory distress syndrome is associated with a greater risk for adverse outcomes. |
23,212,294 | Is cluster headache associated with an increased risk of depression : a nationwide population-based cohort study? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether cluster headache (CH) was a risk factor for depression in a nationwide population-based follow-up study. Background There are few studies about the relationship between CH and depression, and prior research has been limited by cross-sectional studies or small sample sizes."... | Our results showed that CH is associated with an increased risk for depression. The strength of this association is similar to that of migraine. | yes | Cluster headache is associated with an increased risk of depression: a nationwide population-based cohort study. |
17,354,622 | Are chlamydia trachomatis C-complex serovars a risk factor for preterm birth? | {
"contexts": [
"Potential associations between current or previous C. trachomatis infections (general IgG and serovars) and spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) were examined and associations between C. trachomatis infections and previous fertility problems were explored.",
"At week 17, Chlamydia antigen, Chlamyd... | A previous infection with C. trachomatis C-complex was associated with an increased risk for spontaneous PTB and may potentially contribute to subfertility, infertility and ectopic pregnancy. | yes | Chlamydia trachomatis C-complex serovars are a risk factor for preterm birth. |
21,518,147 | Is oxidative stress associated with migraine and migraine-related metabolic risk in females? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidative stress is discussed to be implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. However, data are in part controversial and the possible underlying mechanisms remain elusive to date. The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative stress status of female patients with migraine and its i... | We show here that increased oxidative stress is associated with migraine and contributes to migraine-related metabolic risk like nitrosative stress, an atherogenic lipid profile and hyperinsulinemia. Our data suggest that oxidative stress may represent a key event in the pathophysiology of migraine and a suitable thera... | yes | Oxidative stress is associated with migraine and migraine-related metabolic risk in females. |
8,642,826 | Does nitric oxide inhibition attenuate systemic hypotension produced by protamine? | {
"contexts": [
"Protamine reversal of heparin anticoagulation often causes systemic hypotension, and in vitro studies suggest that this may be mediated by release of nitric oxide from the endothelium. The present investigations were designed to evaluate the direct myocardial effects of protamine and to determine... | Protamine-heparin complex does not cause direct myocardial depression but does lead to severe hypotension in vivo. The finding that hypotension can be blocked by inhibitors of the nitric oxide pathway confirms previous in vitro studies indicating that the effects of protamine are mediated, in part, by the vascular endo... | yes | Nitric oxide inhibition attenuates systemic hypotension produced by protamine. |
27,533,080 | Are tP53 mutated glioblastoma stem-like cell cultures sensitive to dual mTORC1/2 inhibition while resistance in TP53 wild type cultures can be overcome by combined inhibition of mTORC1/2 and Bcl-2? | {
"contexts": [
"Glioblastoma is the most malignant tumor of the central nervous system and still lacks effective treatment. This study explores mutational biomarkers of 11 drugs targeting either the RTK/Ras/PI3K, the p53 or the Rb pathway using 25 patient-derived glioblastoma stem-like cell cultures (GSCs).",
... | Our data suggest that Bcl-2 confers resistance to mTORC1/2 inhibitors in TP53 wild type GSCs and that combined inhibition of both mTORC1/2 and Bcl-2 is worthwhile to explore further in TP53 wild type glioblastomas, whereas in TP53 mutated glioblastomas dual mTORC1/2 inhibitors should be explored. | yes | tP53 mutated glioblastoma stem-like cell cultures are sensitive to dual mTORC1/2 inhibition while resistance in TP53 wild type cultures can be overcome by combined inhibition of mTORC1/2 and Bcl-2. |
27,742,146 | Do timeline of health care-associated infections and pathogens after burn injuries? | {
"contexts": [
"Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality after burn injuries. Here, we describe the time line of infections and pathogens after burns.",
"A retrospective study was performed in a large tertiary care burn center from 2004-2013. Analyses were performed on health care-associa... | We observed differences in infection type, pathogen, and antibiotic-resistant bacterium risk across time of hospitalization. These results may guide infection prevention in various stages of the postburn admission. | yes | The timeline of health care-associated infections and pathogens after burn injuries is examined. |
27,333,896 | Does daily Interpersonal Experience Partially explain the Association Between Social Rank and Physical Health? | {
"contexts": [
"Socioeconomic position is a well-established risk factor for poor physical health.",
"This study examines whether the effects of lower social rank on physical health may be accounted for by differences in daily social experience.",
"In a large community sample (N = 475), we examined wheth... | Differences in the quality of day-to-day social interactions is a viable pathway linking lower social rank to poorer physical health. | yes | Daily interpersonal experience partially explains the association between social rank and physical health. |
7,647,841 | Does neuromuscular blockade provide no benefit over adequate sedation in ventilated dogs? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of pharmacological paralysis on systemic oxygen consumption to determine whether pharmacological paralysis offers a physiological benefit over adequate sedation in ventilated animals.",
"Nine dogs with normal pulmonary function were mechanically ventilated and sedate... | Pharmacological paralysis of mechanically ventilated animals with normal pulmonary function that are sedated and resting comfortably produces a statistically significant reduction in oxygen consumption; however, the magnitude of this change is so small that little genuine clinical benefit would be anticipated. | yes | Neuromuscular blockade provides no benefit over adequate sedation in ventilated dogs. |
12,913,643 | Does protocol-driven nonoperative management in patients with blunt splenic trauma and minimal associated injury decrease length of stay? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of more selective use of admission angiography combined with protocolized nonoperative management for blunt splenic injury.",
"This was a retrospective chart review of all patients with splenic injuries and Injury Severity Score < 20 managed... | Protocol-driven management of splenic injury using admission angiography selectively for higher grade splenic injuries led to a decreased length of stay, higher therapeutic yield, and decreased use of hospital resources without any increase in the failure rate of nonoperative management in a selected group of patients ... | yes | Protocol-driven nonoperative management in patients with blunt splenic trauma and minimal associated injury decreases length of stay. |
11,590,387 | Does iL-13 induce eosinophil recruitment into the lung by an IL-5- and eotaxin-dependent mechanism? | {
"contexts": [
"IL-13 induces several characteristic features of asthma, including airway eosinophilia, airway hyperresponsiveness, and mucus overproduction; however, the mechanisms involved are largely unknown.",
"We hypothesized that IL-13-induced inflammatory changes in the lung were dependent in part on ... | Selective components of the IL-13-induced asthma phenotype--airway eosinophilia but not mucus secretion--are differentially regulated by IL-5 and eotaxin. IL-5 is required for IL-13 to induce eosinophilia throughout the lung, whereas eotaxin regulates the distribution of airway eosinophils. | yes | IL-13 induces eosinophil recruitment into the lung by an IL-5- and eotaxin-dependent mechanism. |
23,714,178 | Does dNA methylation dynamics during intestinal stem cell differentiation reveal enhancers driving gene expression in the villus? | {
"contexts": [
"DNA methylation is of pivotal importance during development. Previous genome-wide studies identified numerous differentially methylated regions upon differentiation of stem cells, many of them associated with transcriptional start sites.",
"We present the first genome-wide, single-base-resolu... | Our results reveal limited DNA methylation dynamics during small intestine stem cell differentiation and an impact of transcription factor binding on shaping the DNA methylation landscape during differentiation of stem cells in vivo. | yes | DNA methylation dynamics during intestinal stem cell differentiation reveals enhancers driving gene expression in the villus. |
27,621,254 | Does acute ascorbic acid infusion increase left ventricular diastolic function in postmenopausal women? | {
"contexts": [
"We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress contributes to reductions in left ventricular diastolic (LV) function in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, related in part to reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability.",
"LV diastolic function - recorded using transthoracic echocardiograp... | The current study provides evidence that oxidative stress contributes to reduced LV diastolic function in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women, possibly by reducing the availability of NO. | yes | Acute ascorbic acid infusion increases left ventricular diastolic function in postmenopausal women. |
17,617,445 | Is c-reactive protein a prognostic parameter in patients with cervical cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether C-reactive protein (CRP) serum levels can be used as a prognostic parameter in patients with cervical cancer.",
"In the present study, CRP serum levels were measured in 215 patients with cervical cancer. CRP serum levels were measured prior to therapy for cervical cancer a... | CRP serum levels can be used as additional prognostic parameter in patients with cervical cancer. | yes | C-reactive protein is a prognostic parameter in patients with cervical cancer. |
18,599,801 | Does air pollution exposure potentiate hypertension through reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of Rho/ROCK? | {
"contexts": [
"Fine particulate matter <2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) has been implicated in vasoconstriction and potentiation of hypertension in humans. We investigated the effects of short-term exposure to PM(2.5) in the angiotensin II (AII) infusion model.",
"Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to PM(2.5) or filtere... | Short-term air pollution exaggerates hypertension through O(2)(.-)-mediated upregulation of the Rho/ROCK pathway. | yes | Air pollution exposure potentiates hypertension through reactive oxygen species-mediated activation of Rho/ROCK. |
12,629,349 | Does leptin influence cellular differentiation and progression in prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Several studies have shown a positive association of dietary fat with prostate cancer. Leptin, a peptide hormone that has a role in the regulation of body weight, currently serves as a more accurate biomarker for total body fat. We designed a study to determine whether leptin influences cellular ... | Leptin may have roles in the development of prostate cancer through testosterone and factors related to obesity. It influences cellular differentiation and the progression of prostate cancer. | yes | Leptin influences cellular differentiation and progression in prostate cancer. |
23,154,469 | Is ocular surface temperature gradient increased in eyes with bacterial corneal ulcers? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the ocular surface temperature gradient in eyes with bacterial corneal ulcers.",
"Prospective examination of 12 eyes with bacterial corneal ulcers (group 1) and 12 control eyes (group 2). Infrared thermal imaging (Tomey TG 1000) was used to study the temperature of the ocular s... | Infrared thermal imaging can be used to objectively determine the increased ocular surface temperature in patients with bacterial corneal ulcers. The use of dynamic thermography may offer new options to monitor ocular surface alterations. | yes | Ocular surface temperature gradient is increased in eyes with bacterial corneal ulcers. |
27,293,547 | Does bioinformatic analysis reveal the expression of unique transcriptomic signatures in Zika virus infected human neural stem cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The single-stranded RNA Flavivirus, Zika virus (ZIKV), has recently re-emerged and spread rapidly across the western hemisphere's equatorial countries, primarily through Aedes mosquito transmission. While symptoms in adult infections appear to be self-limiting and mild, severe birth defects, such... | The presented study is the first to report enrichment of numerous pro-inflammatory pathways in ZIKV-infected hNPCs, indicating that hNPCs are capable of signaling through canonical pro-inflammatory pathways following viral infection. By defining gene expression profiles, new factors in the pathogenesis of ZIKV were ide... | yes | Bioinformatic analysis reveals the expression of unique transcriptomic signatures in Zika virus infected human neural stem cells. |
25,739,341 | Do coinheritance of COL4A5 and MYO1E mutations accentuate the severity of kidney disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Mutations in podocyte and basement membrane genes are associated with a growing spectrum of glomerular disease affecting adults and children. Investigation of familial cases has helped to build understanding of both normal physiology and disease.",
"We investigated a consanguineous family wit... | COL4A5 and MYO1E mutations may summate to perturb common signaling pathways, resulting in more severe disease than anticipated independently. We suggest screening for MYO1E and other non-COL4 'podocyte gene' mutations in XLAS when clinical nephropathy is more severe than expected for an individual's age and sex. | yes | Coinheritance of COL4A5 and MYO1E mutations accentuates the severity of kidney disease. |
9,625,217 | Is plasma pyridoxine deficiency related to increased psychological distress in recently bereaved homosexual men? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous research has demonstrated that a theoretical model including measures of life stressors, social support, and coping style significantly predicts psychological distress. This study tested plasma pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency status as a predictor of overall psychological distress and... | These findings suggest that adequate pyridoxine status may be necessary to avert psychological distress in the setting of bereavement. Inasmuch as pyridoxine is a cofactor for 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase--an enzyme in the biosynthesis pathway of serotonin--serotonin level in the brain is implicated as the mediati... | yes | Plasma pyridoxine deficiency is related to increased psychological distress in recently bereaved homosexual men. |
11,349,391 | Does administration of the beta-adrenoceptor blocker propranolol impair the processing of facial expressions of sadness? | {
"contexts": [
"Noradrenergic processes within the amygdala have been implicated in the modulation of memory for emotional material. The amygdala has also been associated with the processing of facial expressions of emotion, particularly those of fear and sadness. However, the role of noradrenaline in the latter... | These data suggest that noradrenergic processes are not only involved in memory for emotional material but also in the evaluation of sadness from facial expression. The selective nature of this effect adds to evidence suggesting that the recognition of different expressions of emotion depends upon at least partly separ... | yes | Administration of the beta-adrenoceptor blocker propranolol impairs the processing of facial expressions of sadness. |
23,771,923 | Does hypothalamic involvement predict cognitive performance and psychosocial health in long-term survivors of childhood craniopharyngioma? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypothalamic damage caused by craniopharyngioma (CP) is associated with poor functional outcome.",
"To assess cognitive function and quality of life in childhood-onset CP on hormonal replacement, including GH treatment.",
"A cross-sectional study with a median follow-up time of 20 years (... | Adults with childhood-onset CP, on hormone replacement, including GH treatment, have memory defects, disturbed attention, and impaired processing speed. Patients with hypothalamic involvement are more affected. Patients rated their quality of life as good as their matched controls. | yes | Hypothalamic involvement predicts cognitive performance and psychosocial health in long-term survivors of childhood craniopharyngioma. |
20,734,030 | Does erythropoietin reverse the attentional set-shifting impairment in a rodent schizophrenia disease-like model? | {
"contexts": [
"Executive function impairment, as classically assessed using the Wisconsin Card Sort Test or intradimensional/extradimensional tests, is a key feature of schizophrenia but remains inadequately treated by existing therapies. Recently, however, erythropoietin has been shown to improve attentional s... | Overall, these findings further support the use of erythropoietin as an adjunct to antipsychotic therapy in order to address, at least part of, the cognitive dysfunction associated with schizophrenia. | yes | Erythropoietin reverses the attentional set-shifting impairment in a rodent schizophrenia disease-like model. |
23,041,751 | Does relation between adiposity and hypertension persist after onset of clinically manifest arterial disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To quantify the relation between adiposity and blood pressure (BP) level in patients with symptomatic vascular disease and, thereby, assess whether the obesity paradox can be explained by a causal mechanism involving BP.",
"BP and markers of adiposity (i.e. weight, body mass index, waist circ... | The relation between general and abdominal adiposity and hypertension persists after onset of symptomatic arterial disease both in men and women. This shows that the obesity paradox cannot be explained by a causal mechanism involving BP and, therefore, supports weight control for reducing BP in secondary prevention of ... | yes | The relation between adiposity and hypertension persists after the onset of clinically manifest arterial disease. |
21,750,207 | Does provision of balanced nutrition protect against hypoglycemia in the critically ill surgical patient? | {
"contexts": [
"Intensive insulin therapy lowers blood glucose and improves outcomes but increases the risk of hypoglycemia. Typically, insulin protocols require a dextrose solution to prevent hypoglycemia. The authors hypothesized that the provision of balanced nutrition (enteral nutrition [EN] or parenteral nu... | Balanced nutrition is associated with reduced risk of hypoglycemia. These results suggest that balanced nutrition should be given when insulin therapy is initiated. Future studies should evaluate the efficacy of EN vs PN in preventing hypoglycemia. | yes | Provision of balanced nutrition protects against hypoglycemia in the critically ill surgical patient. |
19,419,520 | Does reduced oxygen protocol decrease the incidence of threshold retinopathy of prematurity in infants of < 33 weeks gestation? | {
"contexts": [
"The relationship between oxygen and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has been studied frequently, and a pulse oximeter has the potential to facilitate the control of oxygen fluctuation in neonates. The objective of the present study was to compare the incidence of threshold ROP (stage 3 requiring... | A significant decrease in the rate of threshold ROP in infants of <33 weeks gestation was observed after implementation of the new clinical O(2) management practice. | yes | Reduced oxygen protocol decreases the incidence of threshold retinopathy of prematurity in infants of < 33 weeks gestation. |
14,677,173 | Does mepacrine inhibit matrix metalloproteinases-1 ( MMP-1 ) and MMP-9 activation in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are enzymes known to be involved in normal physiological and in many pathological conditions. Rheumatic diseases are among the ailments where MMP have been shown to exert detrimental effects. Mepacrine is used alone or in combination with other drugs to treat lupus... | Selective inhibition of MMP by mepacrine might in part explain the beneficial effects of this drug in the treatment of certain diseases. | yes | Mepacrine inhibits matrix metalloproteinases-1 ( MMP-1 ) and MMP-9 activation in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes. |
16,269,446 | Is peritoneal fluid leptin associated with chronic pelvic pain but not infertility in endometriosis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Leptin influences the proinflammatory immune responses and has angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. The objective of this study was to evaluate the peritoneal fluid levels of leptin in patients with endometriosis and idiopathic infertility and compare them with a control group of tubal ligat... | Higher levels of leptin were observed in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis compared to those without the disease. These data suggest that the proinflammatory and neoangiogenic action of leptin may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Moreover, leptin may play a role in endometriosis-associated... | yes | Peritoneal fluid leptin is associated with chronic pelvic pain but not infertility in endometriosis patients. |
1,328,372 | Is resistance vessel gene expression of nerve growth factor elevated in young spontaneously hypertensive rats? | {
"contexts": [
"In this study we determined whether the enhanced production of nerve growth factor (NGF) and the associated hypernoradrenergic innervation of the vasculature of the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) was associated with an increased gene expression of messenger (m)RNA encoding for nerve growth ... | In this genetic model of hypertension the results indicate an association between an enhanced level of NGF mRNA and the appearance of vascular hypernoradrenergic hypertension. | yes | Resistance vessel gene expression of nerve growth factor is elevated in young spontaneously hypertensive rats. |
12,576,243 | Is maternal periodontal disease associated with an increased risk for preeclampsia? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if maternal periodontal disease is associated with the development of preeclampsia.",
"A cohort of 1,115 healthy pregnant women were enrolled at less than 26 weeks' gestation and followed until delivery. Maternal demographic and medical data were collected. Periodontal examinatio... | After adjusting for other risk factors, active maternal periodontal disease during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for the development of preeclampsia. | yes | Maternal periodontal disease is associated with an increased risk for preeclampsia. |
20,670,151 | Is late onset preeclampsia an innocuous condition? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe the profile and outcome of late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE).",
"Retrospective study of 264 singleton pregnancies presenting before delivery at two referral centres in South Africa.",
"Primigravid patients constituted 56.8% of the group, while 57.6% were graded as severe. Median ... | Late-onset preeclampsia often presents as severe disease. | no | Late onset preeclampsia is an innocuous condition. |
25,466,958 | Is peritraumatic tonic immobility associated with PTSD symptom severity in Brazilian police officers : a prospective study? | {
"contexts": [
"Peritraumatic reactions feature prominently among the main predictors for development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Peritraumatic tonic immobility (PTI), a less investigated but equally important type of peritraumatic response, has been recently attracting the attention of researchers ... | Our findings highlight the need to expand investigation on the incidence and impact of PTI on the mental health of police officers. | yes | Peritraumatic tonic immobility is associated with PTSD symptom severity in Brazilian police officers: a prospective study. |
15,365,300 | Is ethanol operant self-administration in rats regulated by adenosine A2 receptors? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent findings suggest that adenosine is involved in the neural and behavioral effects of ethanol (EtOH). Studies in neural cell culture show that EtOH, via activation of adenosine A2 receptors, triggers cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) signaling and CRE (cAMP regulator... | In support of our hypothesis, the A2 antagonist DMPX attenuated EtOH self-administration. Low doses of the A2 antagonist enhanced EtOH drinking, consistent with the possibility that rats increase EtOH self-administration to overcome partial A2 blockade. The D2 antagonist eticlopride also decreased EtOH self-administrat... | yes | Ethanol operant self-administration in rats is regulated by adenosine A2 receptors. |
25,343,392 | Does review suggest that cleft lip and palate patients have more caries? | {
"contexts": [
"The Cochrane library, Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Scopus databases were searched.",
"Cross-sectional or longitudinal studies evaluating caries prevalence in CLP patients against a suitable matched control were included.",
"Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were carri... | Individuals with CLP, when compared with matched non-CLP controls, tend to have a higher prevalence of dental caries, as detected using the decayed, missing and filled index. This holds true both for permanent and for deciduous teeth. One must keep in mind, however, that relatively few studies were included in the pres... | yes | Review suggests that cleft lip and palate patients have more caries. |
17,094,796 | Does modification of the Tet-On regulatory system prevent the conditional-live HIV-1 variant from losing doxycycline-control? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously constructed a doxycycline (dox)-dependent HIV-1 variant by incorporating the Tet-On gene regulatory system into the viral genome. Replication of this HIV-rtTA virus is driven by the dox-inducible transactivator protein rtTA, and can be switched on and off at will. We proposed t... | The loss of dox-control observed upon evolution of the dox-dependent HIV-1 variant was effectively blocked by modification of the Tet-On regulatory system. | yes | Modification of the Tet-On regulatory system prevents the conditional-live HIV-1 variant from losing doxycycline-control. |
26,403,367 | Does cD163/Hemoglobin Oxygenase-1 Pathway regulate Inflammation in Hematoma Surrounding Tissues after Intracerebral Hemorrhage? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the expression of CD163 and hemoglobin oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in brain tissue surrounding hematomas after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and correlations with other factors.",
"Brain tissues in the close surrounding of ICH hematomas (n =... | The highest inflammation level in tissues surrounding ICH hematomas occurred 2-3 days after bleeding onset, but was accompanied by an anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 expression enhancement. In the period of more than 72 hours after ICH onset, CD163 and HO-1 expressions reached peaks and inflammatory cytokine expressions... | yes | The cD163/Hemoglobin Oxygenase-1 pathway regulates inflammation in hematoma surrounding tissues after intracerebral hemorrhage. |
15,562,174 | Do three year follow up of a self certification system for the assessment of fitness to dive in Scotland? | {
"contexts": [
"The need for routine medical examinations of sport divers in the Scottish Sub-Aqua Club (Scot-SAC) was revised in March 2000, and a new system using a self administered screening questionnaire was developed to allow divers to be assessed when necessary by doctors with diving medicine experience."... | The new self administered questionnaire system appears to be an effective screening tool for the detection of divers requiring detailed assessment by doctors with diving medicine experience. | yes | Three year follow up of a self certification system for the assessment of fitness to dive in Scotland is conducted. |
17,460,431 | Does insulin enhance nitric oxide production in trabecular meshwork cells via de novo pathway for tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of insulin on the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and the enzymatic synthetic pathway of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) synthesis.",
"Primarily cultured human TM cells were exposed to 1, 10, and 100 microgram/ml of insulin and 0, 1,... | Insulin increases NO production in TM cells via de novo synthetic pathway for BH(4) synthesis. Insulin could be involved in the regulation of trabecular outflow by enhancing NO production in TM cells. | yes | Insulin enhances nitric oxide production in trabecular meshwork cells via de novo pathway for tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. |
19,761,983 | Is increasing benefit from revascularization associated with increasing amounts of myocardial hibernation : a substudy of the PARR-2 trial? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to determine: 1) whether F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) parameters identify high-risk patients who gain benefit from revascularization; 2) whether there is a cut point for such benefit; and 3) predictors of outcome in patients with severe left ventricul... | In this post hoc analysis, patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy with larger amounts of mismatch have improved outcome with revascularization. Renal function was also an independent predictor of outcome. The FDG PET seems to define high-risk patients that gain benefit from revascularization. (PET and Recovery Following... | yes | Increasing benefit from revascularization is associated with increasing amounts of myocardial hibernation : a substudy of the PARR-2 trial. |
15,613,078 | Does chronic glycine treatment inhibit ligature-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Dysregulation of immune and stress responses plays a significant role for the development and progression of inflammatory diseases, including periodontal disease. The non-essential amino acid glycine modulates immune and central nervous system (CNS) responses, and has been shown to beneficially a... | Chronic ingestion of glycine supplied in the drinking water significantly reduced periodontal bone loss. No effect of glycine on immune and HPA-axis responses was revealed. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms of action. | yes | Chronic glycine treatment inhibits ligature-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats. |
26,216,169 | Does vascular endothelial growth factor C ( VEGF-C ) expression predict metastasis in tongue cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated predictive factors for cervical lymph node metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).",
"We present a retrospective analysis of 90 patients with T1-2 N0 SCC who underwent primary excision as initial treatment without preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy. We examined... | The local control rate of tongue SCC in the early stages has significantly improved as a result of development of surgical techniques. On the other hand, we believe that tumor depth of invasion (≥4 mm), POI, and VEGF-C expression all need to be considered in the preoperative and postoperative planning stages for tongue... | yes | Vascular endothelial growth factor C ( VEGF-C ) expression predicts metastasis in tongue cancer. |
23,186,970 | Is hypoglycemia requiring ambulance services in patients with type 2 diabetes associated with increased long-term mortality? | {
"contexts": [
"To report population burden of hypoglycemia requiring ambulance services and long term outcomes thereafter, among people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).",
"We retrieved all ambulance calls made by T2D for hypoglycemia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2009.",... | To our knowledge, we report the first estimate of hypoglycemia requiring ambulance services among T2D, in contemporary clinical practice. NSFU cohort was associated with lower repeated calls, ERT, and hospitalizations compared to other therapeutic programs. Predictors of mortality post-hypoglycemia were age and hypogly... | yes | Hypoglycemia requiring ambulance services in patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with increased long-term mortality. |
12,594,666 | Do serum antigen ( s ) drive the proinflammatory T cell response in acute pancreatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Immune cells and cytokines are central to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ failure associated with acute pancreatitis. The specific role of T cells in this response is unclear, and this study focused on evaluating T cell activation and its regulation in patients with... | Acute pancreatitis results in the systemic activation of T cells. These cells are primed for a proinflammatory response to antigen stimulation and can be inhibited by antigen-specific T cell blockade. These data indicate that the immunoinflammatory response in acute pancreatitis is fueled by one or more serum antigens ... | yes | Serum antigen ( s ) drive the proinflammatory T cell response in acute pancreatitis. |
17,967,558 | Does side of lesion influence interhemispheric inhibition in subjects with post-stroke hemiparesis? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine changes in interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) during homologous muscle activation in healthy subjects and in people with hemiparesis.",
"IHI in the abductor pollicus brevis (APB) muscle was examined using paired transcranial magnetic stimulation. Stimuli were delivered while the tar... | IHI is asymmetrical between hemispheres but only when the target muscle is at rest. Subjects with stroke have an impaired ability to modulate IHI during unilateral muscle activation. | yes | The side of lesion influences interhemispheric inhibition in subjects with post-stroke hemiparesis. |
20,230,887 | Does qindan-capsule inhibit proliferation of adventitial fibroblasts and collagen synthesis? | {
"contexts": [
"Qindan-capsule (QC) is a prescription of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of hypertension. We investigated the effect and mechanism of QC-containing serum on proliferation of aortal adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) and composition of extracellular matrix (ECM). We also tested whether t... | The results suggested QC-containing serum has significantly improved proliferation of AFs and composition of extracellular matrix. TGF-beta1/Smad3 signaling pathway may be involved in the mechanism. | yes | Qindan-capsule inhibits proliferation of adventitial fibroblasts and collagen synthesis. |
11,842,292 | Is a calcium-activated chloride channel ( HCLCA1 ) strongly related to IL-9 expression and mucus production in bronchial epithelium of patients with asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"One of the cardinal features of airway remodeling in asthma is mucus gland hyperplasia and mucus overproduction and hypersecretion. Recently, a calcium-activated chloride channel, HCLCA1, was described that is upregulated by IL-9 and thought to regulate the expression of soluble gel-forming mucin... | An upregulation of HCLCA1 in the IL-9- responsive mucus-producing epithelium of asthmatic subjects compared with that seen in control subjects supports the hypothesis that this channel may be responsible, in part, for the overproduction of mucus in asthmatic subjects. These preliminary findings suggest the inhibition o... | yes | A calcium-activated chloride channel ( HCLCA1 ) is strongly related to IL-9 expression and mucus production in bronchial epithelium of patients with asthma. |
23,819,671 | Does nurses ' views on training need to increase provision of primary care for consumers with serious mental illness? | {
"contexts": [
"The study aims to ascertain nurses' views on their preparedness to provide physical health care, and their identified training needs.",
"The study used a qualitative exploratory design. Thirty-eight nurses working in a regional mental health setting participated in focus groups.",
"Three ... | The philosophy and design of training must reflect workplace context, and take into account individual learning styles. Organizational support is crucial. | yes | Nurses ' views on training need to increase provision of primary care for consumers with serious mental illness. |
25,889,955 | Are angiogenic gene expression and vascular density reflected in ultrasonographic features of synovitis in early Rheumatoid Arthritis : an observational study? | {
"contexts": [
"Neovascularization contributes to the development of sustained synovial inflammation in the early stages of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ultrasound (US) provides an indirect method of assessing synovial blood flow and has been shown to correlate with clinical disease activity in patients with Rheumatoid... | Ultrasound assessment of synovial tissue faithfully reflects synovial vascularity. Both grey scale and power Doppler synovitis in early RA patients correlate with a pro-angiogenic and lymphangiogenic gene expression profile. In early RA both grey scale and power Doppler synovitis are associated with a pro-inflammatory ... | yes | Angiogenic gene expression and vascular density are reflected in ultrasonographic features of synovitis in early Rheumatoid Arthritis. |
25,738,142 | Does glucan supplementation enhance the immune response against an influenza challenge in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"The strong immunostimulating potential of β-glucans has been well established in numerous diseases. However, the effects on viral infection were less studied.",
"In our study, we focused on possible effects of a special combined glucan formulation on immunosuppression caused by influenza infe... | Based on our data, we concluded that these effects are caused by stimulation of both cellular and humoral immune reaction resulting in lower viral load. | yes | Glucan supplementation enhances the immune response against an influenza challenge in mice. |
17,256,561 | Is hypotension a predictor of mortality in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify variables that predict the in-hospital course and prognosis of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).",
"A retrospective analysis of 94 patients (20 females) with AECOPD. Twenty-one variables including arterial blood gas studies were an... | More than the markers of poor gas exchange, the presence of hypotension indicates a poor in-hospital prognosis in AECOPD. | yes | Hypotension is a predictor of mortality in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. |
14,718,813 | Is disease progression in contralateral carotid artery common after endarterectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Although the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) and the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) have helped to define the role of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for both symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions, the role of surveillance of the contralateral carot... | After CEA, we identified an 8.3% annual rate of progression of contralateral carotid artery stenosis and a 4.4% annual rate of progression to severe stenosis or occlusion. Baseline contralateral stenosis was significantly predictive of progression to severe stenosis or occlusion. Clinical and demographic factors were n... | yes | Disease progression in the contralateral carotid artery is common after endarterectomy. |
20,334,703 | Is ectodermal Wnt6 an early negative regulator of limb chondrogenesis in the chicken embryo? | {
"contexts": [
"Pattern formation of the limb skeleton is regulated by a complex interplay of signaling centers located in the ectodermal sheath and mesenchymal core of the limb anlagen, which results, in the forelimb, in the coordinate array of humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and digits. Much less u... | Our results suggest that the inhibitory influence of the ectoderm on limb chondrogenesis acts on an early stage of chondrogenesis upsteam of Sox9 and Collagen II. We identify Wnt6 as a candidate mediator of ectodermal chondrogenic inhibition in vivo. We propose a model of Wnt-mediated centripetal patterning of the limb... | yes | Ectodermal Wnt6 is an early negative regulator of limb chondrogenesis in the chicken embryo. |
8,781,790 | Is throat spray for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy quite acceptable to patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The use of sedation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is widespread, mainly because of the belief that patients are likely to tolerate the procedure better. The aim of the present study was to assess patients' response to the policy of actively persuading them to accept a throat spray for upper... | The present study shows that the use of throat spray for diagnostic endoscopy is quite acceptable to patients. For safety reasons, we should be encouraging greater use of throat spray in routine diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. | yes | Throat spray for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is quite acceptable to patients. |
12,007,684 | Do reactive oxygen species contribute to contractile dysfunction following rapid ventricular pacing in dogs? | {
"contexts": [
"Ventricular tachyarrhythmias may produce subsequent myocardial dysfunction through the formation of oxygen-derived free radicals. We tested the hypothesis that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine enhances recovery of contractile function after rapid ventricular pacing.",
"Barbiturate-anesthetize... | The results indicate that the N-acetylcysteine enhances recovery of contractile function after rapid ventricular pacing independent of alterations in systemic and coronary hemodynamics and imply that reactive oxygen species are an important component of the contractile dysfunction following rapid pacing in vivo. | yes | Reactive oxygen species contribute to contractile dysfunction following rapid ventricular pacing in dogs. |
19,247,242 | Does preoperative nonlinear behavior in heart rate variability predict morbidity and mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim was to demonstrate that a reduction in the nonlinear behavior of heart rate variability (HRV) in the preoperative period in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) triggers higher morbidity and mortality rates in the postoperative stay.",
"Seventy patients (59+/-10.3 y... | Analysis of HRV in the nonlinear domain in the preoperative period in patients undergoing elective CABG surgery may detect subgroups with a high risk for postoperative complications, at least with the assistance of some of the variables, and it can become a new prognostic tool for assessing patients scheduled to underg... | yes | Preoperative nonlinear behavior in heart rate variability predicts morbidity and mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. |
23,844,325 | Is goiter frequency more strongly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma than urine iodine level? | {
"contexts": [
"We designed our study to evaluate the hypothesis that gastric cancer is correlated with iodine deficiency or thyroid dysfunction.",
"We investigated the total body iodine reserve, thyroid function status and autoimmune disorder in 40 recently diagnosed gastric adenocarcinoma cases versus 80 h... | The higher prevalence of goiter rather than low levels of urinary iodine in gastric adenocarcinoma cases suggests that goiter, perhaps due to protracted but currently adjusted iodine deficiency, is more likely to be associated with gastric adenocarcinoma compared to the existing iodine deficiency itself. | yes | Goiter frequency is more strongly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma than urine iodine level. |
15,211,473 | Does the histologic subtype of ovarian tumors affect the detection rate by pelvic washings? | {
"contexts": [
"Since its introduction more than 45 years ago, the pelvic wash has gained widespread acceptance and is used routinely use at most centers. However, widely varying figures have been reported regarding its sensitivity for peritoneal involvement in ovarian tumors. In the current study, the authors e... | In the current study, the pelvic wash was found to be a specific, but only moderately sensitive, technique for detecting peritoneal involvement in ovarian tumors. The histologic subtype of the underlying ovarian tumor was found to have an effect on the likelihood of detection of peritoneal involvement using this diagno... | yes | The histologic subtype of ovarian tumors affects the detection rate by pelvic washings. |
8,041,120 | Are p53 mutations confined to the comedo type ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast . Immunohistochemical and sequencing data? | {
"contexts": [
"Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been identified in breast and many other carcinomas. It is not clear, however, when these mutations occur during breast carcinogenesis. Overexpression of 53 protein has been reported in some ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions. To further study ... | Our results suggest that mutant p53 protein accumulation in preinvasive lesions is limited to comedo (high grade) DCIS and that p53 positivity by immunohistochemistry does not correlate in all cases with specific p53 mutations in exons 5 to 9, the most highly conserved regions of this gene. | yes | p53 mutations are confined to the comedo type ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast, according to immunohistochemical and sequencing data. |
26,657,057 | Does phosphoinositide interacting regulator of TRP ( Pirt ) enhance TRPM8 channel activity in vitro via increasing channel conductance? | {
"contexts": [
"Pirt is a two-transmembrane domain protein that regulates the function of a variety of ion channels. Our previous study indicated that Pirt acts as a positive endogenous regulator of the TRPM8 channel. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism underlying the regulation of TRPM8 chann... | Pirt and PIP2 synergistically enhance TRPM8 channel activity, and Pirt regulates TRPM8 channel activity by increasing the single channel conductance. | yes | Phosphoinositide interacting regulator of TRP (Pirt) enhances TRPM8 channel activity in vitro via increasing channel conductance. |
18,772,449 | Is focal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity within acute diffusion-weighted imaging lesions associated with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated whether focal hyperintensity on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery image within acute infarcts is associated with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) after thrombolysis.",
"Patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent MRI screening before thrombolysis were enroll... | The presence of focal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity within acute infarcts may increase the risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis. | yes | Focal fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity within acute diffusion-weighted imaging lesions is associated with symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after thrombolysis. |
24,330,704 | Does eugenol trigger apoptosis in breast cancer cells through E2F1/survivin down-regulation? | {
"contexts": [
"Breast cancer is a major health problem that threatens the lives of millions of women worldwide each year. Most of the chemotherapeutic agents that are currently used to treat this complex disease are highly toxic with long-term side effects. Therefore, novel generation of anti-cancer drugs with ... | Eugenol exhibits anti-breast cancer properties both in vitro and in vivo, indicating that it could be used to consolidate the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer through targeting the E2F1/survivin pathway, especially for the less responsive triple-negative subtype of the disease. | yes | Eugenol triggers apoptosis in breast cancer cells through E2F1/survivin down-regulation. |
7,913,800 | Does vecuronium neuromuscular blockade reflect liver function during hepatic autotransplantation in pigs? | {
"contexts": [
"Rapid assessment of hepatic function early after reperfusion of the liver graft is of great importance, because it may allow for prompt detection of incipient hepatic graft failure. The current study was undertaken to determine whether the continuous recording of neuromuscular transmission could ... | These results indicate that, compared with the control studies, there is a similar decrease in the recovery rate of vecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade and in the metabolic rate of 14C-labeled aminopyrine during the progressive recovery of hepatic function immediately after unclamping of the liver vessels. Metabo... | yes | Vecuronium neuromuscular blockade reflects liver function during hepatic autotransplantation in pigs. |
23,637,351 | Is the expression of inflammatory genes upregulated in peripheral blood of patients with type 1 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"Our previous gene expression microarray studies identified a number of genes differentially expressed in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and islet autoantibody-positive subjects. This study was designed to validate these gene expression changes in T1D patients and to identify gene expression ... | These findings suggest that inflammatory mediators secreted mainly by myeloid cells are implicated in T1D and its complications. | yes | The expression of inflammatory genes is upregulated in peripheral blood of patients with type 1 diabetes. |
22,005,870 | Does reduced expression of von Hippel-Lindau protein correlate with decreased apoptosis and high chondrosarcoma grade? | {
"contexts": [
"Mutations and loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene are associated with most renal cancers as well as several other types of human tumors, but the potential role of the VHL protein (pVHL) in patients with chondrosarcoma has not been characterized. The purpose of the present st... | Reduced pVHL expression was associated with decreased apoptosis and increasing chondrosarcoma grade, but the relationship between these findings and chondrosarcoma pathogenesis requires further study. | yes | Reduced expression of von Hippel-Lindau protein correlates with decreased apoptosis and high chondrosarcoma grade. |
19,887,950 | Are duration of fluid fasting and choice of analgesic modifiable factors for early postoperative delirium? | {
"contexts": [
"Most therapeutic options for postoperative delirium are only symptom oriented; therefore, the best approach remains prevention. The aim of this study was to identify predisposing and precipitating factors for early postoperative delirium.",
"A total of 1002 patients were screened for delirium... | Duration of preoperative fluid fasting and the choice of intraoperative analgesic are risk factors for postoperative delirium, and their modification provides a promising approach to reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium. | yes | Duration of fluid fasting and choice of analgesic are modifiable factors for early postoperative delirium. |
24,916,102 | Do pre-school children have better spoken language when early implanted? | {
"contexts": [
"The objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the effect of age at cochlear implantation (CI) on vocabulary development; (2) to evaluate the age effect at CI surgery on the syntactic development; and (3) to examine the role of gender, age at first diagnosis and maternal education level on... | The CI in pre-school children with SNHL implanted under 1 year has a positive effect on spoken language. Females seem to have better linguistic results. Finally high maternal educational level appears to have some positive effect on language development. | yes | Pre-school children have better spoken language when early implanted. |
23,716,886 | Do oral administration of vitamin C and histidine attenuate cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Cyclophosphamide (CP), a widely used antineoplastic drug causes hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) mainly via induction of oxidative stress. Both vitamin C and histidine have antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of oral (p.o.) administration of vitamin C and histidine... | The results indicated that vitamin C and histidine attenuated the CP-induced HC by reducing of free radical-induced toxic effects. | yes | Oral administration of vitamin C and histidine attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rats. |
18,849,617 | Is asymptomatic sensitization to hymenoptera venom related to total immunoglobulin E levels? | {
"contexts": [
"The detection of specific serum immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to Hymenoptera venoms is an established diagnostic tool to diagnose insect venom hypersensitivity. However, the specificity of sIgE detection is a debated issue.",
"In 145 subjects, total IgE (tIgE) and sIgE to Hymenoptera venoms as well... | Specific antibodies are frequently seen in individuals with high tIgE, but appear to be largely irrelevant in clinical terms. This might lead to misdiagnosis in persons with an inconclusive sting history. | yes | Asymptomatic sensitization to hymenoptera venom is related to total immunoglobulin E levels. |
25,882,745 | Does dragon Boat training exert a positive effect on myocardial function in breast cancer survivors? | {
"contexts": [
"Dragon Boat training is often suggested to control upper limb edema in breast cancer (BC) survivors, but little information is available regarding the cardiac impact of such activity. The present study evaluates this aspect during a 4-year follow-up of BC survivors.",
"From 2006 to 2010, 55 w... | BC survivors experienced a significant improvement in diastolic function after 4 years of Dragon Boat training. Dragon Boat training impacts favorably on the myocardial performance in patients previously treated with chemotherapy. These results support the positive role of sport activity in myocardial function of BC su... | yes | Dragon Boat training exerts a positive effect on myocardial function in breast cancer survivors. |
25,944,419 | Do age-related Differences in Pre- and Post-synaptic Motor Cortex Inhibition are Task Dependent? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous research has shown age-related differences in short- (SICI) and long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) in both resting and active hand muscles, suggesting that healthy ageing influences post-synaptic motor cortex inhibition. However, it is not known how the ageing process effects ... | Our results support age-related differences in pre- and post-synaptic motor cortex inhibition, which may contribute to impaired hand function during task performance in older adults. | yes | Age-related differences in pre- and post-synaptic motor cortex inhibition are task dependent. |
8,106,695 | Are benefits of lipid-lowering therapy in men with elevated apolipoprotein B confined to those with very high low density lipoprotein cholesterol? | {
"contexts": [
"Do the benefits of intensive lipid-lowering therapy extend to patients with only borderline or moderately elevated levels of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol?",
"The merits of the present LDL cholesterol treatment goal of < or = 100 mg/dl need to be clarified for patients without hig... | Treatment benefit in the FATS trial was not confined to patients with very high levels of LDL cholesterol and was in fact particularly evident in those patients with levels < 160 mg/dl. Such patients should be considered more likely, not less, to benefit from intensive lipid-lowering therapy. | no | Benefits of lipid-lowering therapy in men with elevated apolipoprotein B are confined to those with very high low density lipoprotein cholesterol. |
26,586,939 | Do elderly women who received Helicobacter pylori-eradicating therapy have reduced risk of low skeletal muscle mass? | {
"contexts": [
"Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poorer quality of life, and death. Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication increases ghrelin secretion, which may be a possible treatment for sarcopenia. We investigated whether HP eradication reduces the risk of low muscle ... | HP eradication might reduce LMM risk. This finding should be confirmed in prospective longitudinal studies to determine the long-term effects of HP eradication on sarcopenia. | yes | Elderly women who received Helicobacter pylori-eradicating therapy have reduced risk of low skeletal muscle mass. |
21,208,768 | Does postresuscitation autonomic nervous modulation after cardiac arrest resemble that of severe sepsis? | {
"contexts": [
"This study explored whether post-resuscitation status resembles severe sepsis in terms of autonomic nervous modulation by using heart rate variability (HRV) analysis.",
"Successfully resuscitated nontraumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) adult patients in an emergency department were... | The autonomic nervous modulation in the initial phase of OHCA patients resembles that of severe sepsis in that both groups of patients have decreased global HRV (TP, SD(RR), and CV(RR)), sympathovagal balance (LF% and LF/HF), and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone modulation (VLF), as compared to healthy subjects. | yes | Postresuscitation autonomic nervous modulation after cardiac arrest resembles that of severe sepsis. |
19,616,413 | Is cognitive performance related to cortical grey matter volumes in early stages of schizophrenia : a population-based study of first-episode psychosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Neuropsychological deficits have been reported in association with first-episode psychosis (FEP). Reductions in grey matter (GM) volumes have been documented in FEP subjects compared to healthy controls. However, the possible inter-relationship between the findings of those two lines of research ... | Our results indicate that cognitive deficits are directly related to brain volume abnormalities in frontal and temporo-parietal cortices in FEP subjects, most specifically in inferior portions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. | yes | Cognitive performance is related to cortical grey matter volumes in early stages of schizophrenia : a population-based study of first-episode psychosis. |
18,796,466 | Is advanced parental age at birth associated with poorer social functioning in adolescent males : shedding light on a core symptom of schizophrenia and autism? | {
"contexts": [
"Evidence indicates an association between older parents at birth and increased risk for schizophrenia and autism. Patients with schizophrenia and autism and their first-degree relatives have impaired social functioning; hence, impaired social functioning is probably an intermediate phenotype of t... | These modest associations between parental age and poor social functioning in the general population parallel the associations between parental age and risk for schizophrenia and autism and suggest that the risk pathways between advanced parental age and schizophrenia and autism might, at least partially, include mildl... | yes | Advanced parental age at birth is associated with poorer social functioning in adolescent males, shedding light on a core symptom of schizophrenia and autism. |
26,894,484 | Is pTSD associated with an increase in aged T cell phenotypes in adults living in Detroit? | {
"contexts": [
"Psychosocial stress is thought to play a key role in the acceleration of immunological aging. This study investigated the relationship between lifetime and past-year history of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the distribution of T cell phenotypes thought to be characteristic of immunolo... | PTSD is associated with an aged immune phenotype and should be evaluated as a potential catalyzer of accelerated immunological aging in future studies. | yes | pTSD is associated with an increase in aged T cell phenotypes in adults living in Detroit. |
24,359,290 | Do cdSe/ZnS quantum dots trigger DNA repair and antioxidant enzyme systems in Medicago sativa cells in suspension culture? | {
"contexts": [
"Nanoparticles appear to be promising devices for application in the agriculture and food industries, but information regarding the response of plants to contact with nano-devices is scarce. Toxic effects may be imposed depending on the type and concentration of nanoparticle as well as time of exp... | Concentrations as low as 10 nM MPA-CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots are cytotoxic and genotoxic to plant cells, although not lethal. This sets a limit for the concentrations to be used when practical applications using nanodevices of this type on plants are being considered. This work describes for the first time the genotoxic ef... | yes | CdSe/ZnS quantum dots trigger DNA repair and antioxidant enzyme systems in Medicago sativa cells in suspension culture. |
19,942,861 | Does resveratrol prevent the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction in the SHR without lowering blood pressure? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiac hypertrophy is a compensatory enlargement of the heart in response to stress such as hypertension. It is beneficial in reducing stress placed on the heart. However, when the stress is of a chronic nature, it becomes pathological and leads to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Current ... | Resveratrol treatment was beneficial in preventing the development of concentric hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction in SHR. The cardioprotective effect of resveratrol in SHR may be partially mediated by a reduction in oxidative stress. Thus, resveratrol may have potential in preventing cardiac impairment in patients w... | yes | Resveratrol prevents the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction in the SHR without lowering blood pressure. |
25,521,311 | Does high-affinity σ1 protein agonist reduce clinical and pathological signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Selective agonists of the sigma-1 receptor (σ1 protein) are generally reported to protect against neuronal damage and modulate oligodendrocyte differentiation. Human and rodent lymphocytes possess saturable, high-affinity binding sites for compounds binding to the σ1 protein and potential immunom... | This σ1 protein agonist, containing the tetrahydroisoquinoline-hydantoin structure, decreased the magnitude of inflammation in EAE. This effect was associated with increased proportions of B-cell subsets and regulatory T-cells with potential immunoregulatory functions. Targeting of the σ1 protein might thus provide new... | yes | High-affinity σ1 protein agonist reduces clinical and pathological signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. |
18,648,233 | Do inhalational anesthetics induce cell damage by disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis with different potencies? | {
"contexts": [
"The authors hypothesized that inhalational anesthetics induced cell damage by causing abnormal calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum via excessive activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors, with isoflurane having greater potency than sevoflurane or desflurane.",
"The... | Inhalational anesthetics may induce cell damage by causing abnormal calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum via excessive activation of IP3 receptors. Isoflurane has greater potency than sevoflurane or desflurane to cause calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum and to induce cell damage. | yes | Inhalational anesthetics induce cell damage by disruption of intracellular calcium homeostasis with different potencies. |
20,727,959 | Do panax notoginseng saponins decrease cholesterol ester via up-regulating ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in foam cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Accumulating evidence has indicated that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS), the major ingredients in Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen which could be found widely in Asia, can attenuate atherogenesis in vivo. This study was designed to examine the relationship of PNS with cholesterol ester in fo... | As a result, we conclude that by up-regulating the expression of ABCA1, PNS could lower the cholesterol ester level, which resulted in the attenuation of the foam cell formation. This bioactivity might be associated with the special chemical structures of PNS that are similar to the natural agonist of LXRα. | yes | Panax notoginseng saponins decrease cholesterol ester via up-regulating ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 in foam cells. |
18,845,976 | Do ankle flexors produce peak torque at longer muscle lengths after whole-body vibration? | {
"contexts": [
"Whole-body vibration (WBV) has become a popular training method in recent years. This study investigated the effect of WBV on the length-tension relationship of the ankle dorsi- and plantarflexors as measured by a Biodex dynamometer (Biodex Medical Systems Inc, Shirley, NY).",
"Twenty healthy... | This study shows that stretched human ankle plantarflexors respond to WBV by generating peak voluntary torque at longer muscle lengths. This has possible benefits for the rehabilitation of patients with neuromuscular disorders (e.g., stroke) who experience short ankle flexor resting lengths. | yes | Ankle flexors produce peak torque at longer muscle lengths after whole-body vibration. |
25,924,610 | Does transcriptional profiling of PRKG2-null growth plate identify putative down-stream targets of PRKG2? | {
"contexts": [
"Kinase activity of cGMP-dependent, type II, protein kinase (PRKG2) is required for the proliferative to hypertrophic transition of growth plate chondrocytes during endochondral ossification. Loss of PRKG2 function in rodent and bovine models results in dwarfism. The objective of this study was to... | Known and novel targets of PRKG2 were identified as enriched pathways in this study. This study indicates that loss of PRKG2 function results in differential expression of P53 regulated genes as well as additional pathways consistent with increased proliferation and apoptosis in the growth plate due to achondroplastic ... | yes | Transcriptional profiling of PRKG2-null growth plate identifies putative down-stream targets of PRKG2. |
26,271,447 | Is donor age a predictor of early low output after heart transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Using hearts from marginal donors could be related to increased risk of primary graft dysfunction and poor long-term survival. However, factors associated with delayed myocardial recovery after heart transplantation (HTx) remain unknown. We sought to clarify risk factors that predict early low ou... | Donor age was a predictor of early low output after HTx. We should be careful after HTx from old donors. However, hemodynamic parameters of early low output patients gradually caught up with those of early preserved output patients. | yes | Donor age is a predictor of early low output after heart transplantation. |
26,909,140 | Is tumor volume a better predictor of post-operative wound complications compared to tumor size in soft tissue sarcomas of the proximal lower extremity? | {
"contexts": [
"Wide local excision with or without radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy is widely accepted as appropriate management for soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremity. Although survival and local control rates are comparable to amputation, post-operative wound complications (WC) following limb ... | Increase in tumor volume led to a higher risk of post-operative WCs. Assessing tumor volume may allow clinicians to better counsel patients on their risk of post-operative WCs. Tumor volume, as opposed to size alone, should be considered in future sarcoma outcome studies. | yes | Tumor volume is a better predictor of post-operative wound complications compared to tumor size in soft tissue sarcomas of the proximal lower extremity. |
27,650,230 | Do increased Platelet-leukocyte Aggregates Are Associated With Myocardial No-reflow in Patients With ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"We aimed to investigate the association between platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLA) levels on admission and the risk of myocardial no-reflow in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).",
"A total of 83 patients wi... | Our study indicated that preprocedural increased PLA levels display a significantly independent association with no-reflow phenomenon after PCI. Increased PLA levels may predict the development of no-reflow phenomenon in patients with STEMI who underwent PCI. | yes | Increased platelet-leukocyte aggregates are associated with myocardial no-reflow in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction. |
10,896,208 | Is matrix metalloproteinase 2 ( MMP-2 ) immunoreactive protein associated with poor grade and survival in brain neoplasms? | {
"contexts": [
"Matrix metalloproteinases play an important role in the invasion of tumor cells and the progression of cancer. The 72 kDa type IV collagenase, a matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) has been shown to contribute to the invasion and metastasis in diverse malignant neoplasms.",
"To elaborate the p... | Our data suggest that MMP-2 is associated with histological malignancy and poor survival in brain tumors. | yes | Matrix metalloproteinase 2 ( MMP-2 ) immunoreactive protein is associated with poor grade and survival in brain neoplasms. |
19,110,234 | Does azacitidine enhance sensitivity of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin through induction of apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of the study was to investigate whether azacitidine sensitizes platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin and the possible mechanisms involved.",
"We tested the in vitro antitumor activity of azacitidine both alone and combined with carboplatin in the ovarian cancer ... | Azacitidine enhanced the sensitivity of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin associated with caspase-3- and -8-dependent apoptosis pathway and reexpression of DR4. | yes | Azacitidine enhances sensitivity of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer cells to carboplatin through induction of apoptosis. |
21,463,344 | Does event-free survival following CRT with surgically implanted LV lead versus standard transvenous approach? | {
"contexts": [
"While surgical epicardial lead placement is performed in a subset of cardiac resynchronization therapy patients, data comparing survival following surgical versus transvenous lead placement are limited. We hypothesized that surgical procedures would be associated with increased mortality risk.",
... | Isolated surgical LV lead placement appears to carry a small but significant upfront mortality cost, with risk extending beyond the immediate postoperative period. Long-term survival is similar, suggesting those surviving beyond this period of early risk derive the same benefit as coronary sinus lead recipients. Furthe... | yes | Event-free survival following CRT with surgically implanted LV lead is compared to the standard transvenous approach. |
21,159,204 | Does down-regulation of phosphoglucomutase 3 mediate sulforaphane-induced cell death in LNCaP prostate cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate found in cruciferous vegetables that exerts anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and radio-sensitizing activities. Nonetheless, the mechanism responsible for SFN-induced cell death is not fully understood. In the present study, anti-cancer mechanism... | Taken together, these findings suggest that PGM3 plays a role in mediating SFN-induced cell death in LNCaP cells, and is a potential molecular therapeutic target for prostate cancer. | yes | Down-regulation of phosphoglucomutase 3 mediates sulforaphane-induced cell death in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. |
21,164,124 | Are stroke survivor depressive symptoms associated with family caregiver depression during the first 2 years poststroke? | {
"contexts": [
"Behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with stroke are gaining increasing attention in a field in which recovery of physical function has dominated. A small body of research has begun to suggest that stroke survivors' (SSs') behavioral and psychological symptoms contribute to family car... | Interventions aimed at improving caregiver well-being should focus on enhancing clinical management of SSs' depression and better preparing caregivers to manage behavioral and psychological symptoms. In addition, respite programs that encourage caregivers to maintain participation in valued activities may be beneficial... | yes | Stroke survivor depressive symptoms are associated with family caregiver depression during the first 2 years poststroke. |
20,371,128 | Does hydrochloride pioglitazone decrease urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 excretion in type 2 diabetics? | {
"contexts": [
"To observe the effects of hydrochloride pioglitazone on monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) excretion in type 2 diabetics and explore its reno-protective mechanism.",
"98 uncontrolled type 2 diabetics with fasting blood glucose (FBG) between 7.0 and 13.0 mmol/L and glycated hemoglobin ... | Pioglitazone can decrease urinary albumin and MCP-1 excretion in type 2 diabetics, which may partly contribute to its reno-protection by inhibiting the inflammation reaction in vivo. | yes | Hydrochloride pioglitazone decreases urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 excretion in type 2 diabetics. |
24,393,366 | Does plasminogen initiate and potentiates the healing of acute and chronic tympanic membrane perforations in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Most tympanic membrane (TM) perforations heal spontaneously, but approximately 10-20% remain open as chronic TM perforations. Chronic perforations can lead to an impaired hearing ability and recurrent middle ear infections. Traditionally, these perforations must be surgically closed, which is cos... | Our data suggests that plg is a promising drug candidate for the treatment of chronic TM perforations in humans. | yes | Plasminogen initiates and potentiates the healing of acute and chronic tympanic membrane perforations in mice. |
12,045,172 | Is steroid receptor coactivator-3 required for inhibition of neointima formation by estrogen? | {
"contexts": [
"The vasoprotective effects of estrogen are mediated by estrogen receptors (ERs). ERs are transcription factors that require coactivators to exert transcriptional activity. The steroid receptor coactivator-3 (SRC-3, also known as pCIP, AIB1, ACTR, and TRAM-1) interacts with estrogen-bound ERs and ... | SRC-3 is highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. The loss of SRC-3 function causes a decrease in sensitivity of estrogen-mediated inhibition of neointimal growth, which may be attributable to an insufficient suppression of vascular cell proliferation. These results indicate that SRC-3 la... | yes | Steroid receptor coactivator-3 is required for inhibition of neointima formation by estrogen. |
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